Cyberbullying: The new Era of bullying

Canadian Journal of School Psychology

Volumn 26, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 44-61

  Wade, Ann ^a   Beran, Tanya ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY   (Canada)

Author keywords

Cyber bullying; cyber harassment; peer harassment; school bullying

Indexed keywords

EID: 79952948863     PISSN: 08295735     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0829573510396318     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Baldry, A.C. (2004). The impact of direct and indirect bullying on the mental and physical health of Italian youngsters. Aggressive Behavior, 30, 343-355.
2. Beran, T.N., & Tutty, L. (2002). Children's reports of bullying and safety at school. Canadian Journal of School Psychology, 17(2), 1-14.
3. Beran, T.N., & Li, Q. (2005). Cyber-harassment: A study of a new method for an old behavior. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 32(3), 265-277.
4. Beran, T.N., & Li, Q. (2007). The relationship between cyber-bullying and school bullying. Journal of Student Wellbeing, 1(2), 16-33.
5. Bowie, B.H. (2007). Relational aggression, gender, and the developmental process. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing, 20, 107-115.
6. Chen, H.-G., Chen, C.C., Lo, L., & Yang, S.C. (2008). Online privacy control via anonymity and pseudonym: Cross-cultural implications. Behavior & Information Technology, 27, 229-242.
7. Christopherson, K.M. (2007). The positive and negative implications in anonymity in Internet social interactions: "On the Internet, nobody knows you're a dog." Computers in Human Behavior, 23, 3038-3056.
8. Crick, N.R., & Grotpeter, J.K. (1995). Relational aggression, gender, & social-psychological adjustment. Child Development, 66, 710-722.
9. Diamanduros, T., Downs, E., & Jenkins, S.J. (2008). The role of school psychologists in the assessment, prevention, and intervention of cyberbullying. Psychology in the Schools, 45, 693-704.
10. Fattah, H. (2003). America untethered. Retrieved January 12, 2011, from http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m4021/is_2_25/ai_97818962/.
11. Hinduja, S., & Patchin, J. (2007). Offline consequences of online victimization: School violence and delinquency. Journal of School Violence, 6, 89-112.
12. Hinduja, S., & Patchin, J. (2008). Cyberbullying: An exploratory analysis of factors related to offending and victimization. Deviant Behavior, 29, 129-156.
13. Hinduja, S., & Patchin, J. (2009). Bullying beyond the schoolyard: Preventing and responding to cyberbullying. Retrieved fromhttp://www.cyberbullying.us/research.php.
14. Hossfeld, B. (2008). Developing friendships and peer relationships: Building social support with the Girls Circle program. In C. W. LeCroy & J. E. Mann (Eds.), Handbook of prevention and intervention programs for adolescent girls (pp. 42-80). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley.
15. Hyde, J.S. (2005). The gender similarities hypothesis. American Psychologist, 60, 581-592.
16. Leech, N.L., & Onwuegbuzie, A.J. (2002, November). A call for greater use of nonparametric statistics. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Mid-South Educational Research Association, Chattanooga, TN.
17. Letendre, J. (2007). "Sugar and spice not always nice": Gender socialization and its impact on development and maintenance of aggression in adolescent girls. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 24, 353-368.
18. Li, Q. (2006). Cyberbullying in schools: A research of gender differences. School Psychology International, 27, 157-170.
19. Li, Q. (2007). New bottle but old wine: A research of cyberbullying in schools. Computers in Human Behavior, 23, 1777-1791.
20. Ma, X. (2002). Bullying in middle school: Individual and school characteristics of victims and offenders. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 13, 63-89.
21. Menesini, E., Codecasa, E., Benelli, B., & Cowie, H. (2003). Enhancing children's responsibility to take action against bullying: Evaluation of a befriending intervention in Italian middle schools. Aggressive Behavior, 29, 1-14.
22. Mishna, F., Cook, C., Gadalla, T., Daciuk, J., & Solomon, S. (2010). Cyber bullying behaviors among middle and high school students. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 80, 362-374.
23. Nansel, T.R., Overpeck, M., Pilla, R.S., Ruan, W.J., Simons-Morton, B., & Scheidt, P. (2001). Bullying behaviors among US youth: Prevalence and association with psychosocial adjustment. Journal of the American Medical Association, 285, 2094-2100.
24. National Center for Education Services (October, 2005). Rates of computer and internet use in children in nursery school and students in kindergarten through twelfth grade: 2003. Retrieved January 12, 2011, from http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2005/2005111rev.pdf.
25. Nogami, T., & Takai, J. (2008). Effects of anonymity on antisocial behavior committed by individuals. Psychological Reports, 102, 119-130.
26. Patchin, J.W., & Hinduja, S. (2006). Bullies move beyond the schoolyard: A preliminary look at cyberbullying. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 4, 148-169.
27. Pepler, D.J., Craig, W.M., Connolly, J.A., Yuile, A., McMaster, L., & Jiang, D. (2006). A developmental perspective on bullying. Aggressive Behavior, 32, 376-384.
28. Scheithauer, H., Hayer, T., Petermann, F., & Jugert, G. (2006). Physical, verbal, and relational forms of bullying among German students: Age trends, gender differences, and correlates. Aggressive Behavior, 32, 261-275.
29. Seals, D., & Young, J. (2003). Bullying and victimization: Prevalence and relationship to gender, grade level, ethnicity, self-esteem, and depression. Adolescence, 38, 735-747.
30. Smith, P.K., Madsen, K.C., & Moody, J.C. (1999). What causes age decline in reports of being bullied at school? Towards a developmental analysis of risks of being bullied. Educational Research, 41, 267-285.
31. Smith, P.K., Mahdavi, J., Carvalho, M., Fisher, S., Russell, S., & Tippet, N. (2008). Cyberbullying: Its nature and impact in secondary school pupils. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 49, 376-385.
32. Spears, R., & Lea, M. (1992). Social influence and the influence of the "social" in computer-mediated communication. In M. Lea (Ed.), Contexts of computer-mediated communication (pp. 30-65). London, UK: Harvester-Wheatsheaf.
33. Spears, R., Lea, M., Corneliussen, R.A., Postmes, T., & Haar, W.T. (2002). Computer-mediated communication as a channel for social resistance: The strategic side of SIDE. Small Group Research, 33, 555-574.
34. Swearer, S.M., Turner, R.K., & Givens, J.E. (2008). "You're so gay!": Do different forms of bullying matter for adolescent males? School Psychology Review, 37, 160-173.
35. Tabachnick, B.G., & Fidell, L.S. (1996). Using multivariate statistics (3rd ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson Education.
36. Theriot, M.T., Dulmus, C.N., Sowers, K.M., & Johnson, T.K. (2005). Factors relating self-identification among bullying victims. Children and Youth Services Review, 27, 979-994.
37. Vargha, A., & Delaney, H.D. (2000). A critique and improvement of the CL common language effect size statistics of McGraw and Wong. Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 25, 101-132.
38. Whitney, I. & Smith, P.K. (1993). A survey of the nature and extent of bullying in junior/middle and secondary schools. Educational Research, 35, 3-25.
39. Woo, J. (2006). The right not to be identified: Privacy and anonymity in the interactive media environment. New Media & Society, 8, 949-967.
40. Yates, C. & Smith, P.K. (1989). Bullying in two English comprehensive schools. In E. Roland & E. Munthe (eds.). Bullying: An international perspective (pp. 22-34). London: David Fulton.
41. Ybarra, M.L. (2004). Linkages between depressive symptomatology and Internet harassment among young regular Internet users. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 7, 247-257.
42. Ybarra, M.L., Diener-West, M., & Leaf, P.J. (2007). Examining the overlap in Internet harassment and school bullying: Implications for school intervention. Journal of Adolescent Health, 41, 42-50.
43. Ybarra, M.L., & Mitchell, K.J. (2004a). Online aggressor/targets, aggressors, and targets: A comparison of associated youth characteristics. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 45, 1308-1316.
44. Ybarra, M.L., & Mitchell, K.J. (2004b). Youth engaging in online harassment: Associations with caregiver-child relationships, Internet use, and personal characteristics. Journal of Adolescence, 27, 319-336.
45. Ziegler, S., & Rosenstein-Manner, M. (1991). Bullying at school: Toronto in an international context. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: Toronto Board of Education, Research Services.
46. Zimbardo, P.G. (1969). The human choice: Individuation, reason, and order vs. deindividuation, impulse, and chaos. In W. J. Arnold & D. Levine (Eds.), Nebraska symposium on motivation (Vol. 17, pp. 237-307). Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press.