Invertebrate Auditory Pathways

The Senses: A Comprehensive Reference

Volumn 3, Issue , 2008, Pages 525-564

  Hedwig, B ^a   Pollack, G S ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

^b MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

Auditory afferent; Auditory pathway; Directional response; Frequency tuning; Pattern recognition; Phonotaxis; Predator avoidance; Pressure receiver; Reciprocal inhibition; Scolopidium; Tympanic membrane

Indexed keywords

EID: 79952899659     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-012370880-9.00043-8     Document Type: Chapter

References (310)

1. Adam L.-J. The oscillating summed action potential of an insect's auditory nerve (Locusta migratoria, Acrididae). II. Underlying spike pattern and causes of spike synchronisation. Biol. Cybern. 1977, 28:109-119.
2. Alexander R.D. Aggressiveness, territoriality and sexual behavior in field crickets. Behaviour 1961, 17:130-223.
3. Alexander R.D. Acoustical communication in arthropods. Ann. Rev. Entomol. 1967, 12:495-526.
4. Allen G.R. The biology of the phonotactic parasitoid, Homotrixa sp. (Diptera: Tachinidae), and its impact on the survival of the male Sciarasaga quadrata (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) in the field. Ecol. Entomol. 1995, 20:103-110.
5. Arntz B. Das Hörvermögen von Nepa cinera L. J. Comp. Physiol. A 1975, 96:53-72.
6. Atkins G., Pollack G.S. Age dependent occurrence of an ascending axon on the omega neuron of the cricket, Teleogryllus oceanicus. J. Comp. Neurol. 1986, 243:527-534.
7. Atkins G., Henley J., Handysides R., Stout J.F. Evaluation of the behavioral roles of ascending auditory interneurons in calling song phonotaxis by the female cricket (Acheta domesticus). J. Comp. Physiol. A 1992, 170:363-372.
8. Atkins G., Ligmann S., Burghardt F., Stout J.F. Changes in phonotaxis by the female cricket Acheta domesticus L. after killing identified acoustic interneurons. J. Comp. Physiol. A 1984, 154:795-804.
9. Atkins S., Atkins G., Rhodes M., Stout J.F. Influence of syllable period on song encoding properties of an ascending auditory interneuron in the cricket Acheta domesticus. J. Comp. Physiol. A 1989, 165:827-836.
10. Baden T., Hedwig B. Neurite specific Ca2+ dynamics underlying sound processing in an auditory interneurone. J. Neurobiol. 2007, 67:68-80.
11. Balakrishnan R., Pollack G.S. Recognition of courtship song in the field cricket, Teleogryllus oceanicus. Anim. Behav. 1996, 51:353-366.
12. Balakrishnan R., von Helversen D., von Helversen O. Song pattern recognition in the grasshopper Chorthippus biguttulus: the mechanism of syllable onset and offset detection. J. Comp. Physiol. A 2001, 187:255-264.
13. Ball E.E., Oldfield B.P., Michel R.K. Auditory Organ Structure, Development, and Function. Cricket Behaviour and Neurobiology 1989, 391-422. Cornell University Press. F. Huber, T.E. Moore, W. Loher (Eds.).
14. Bauer M., von Helversen O. Separate localisation of sound recognition and sound producing neural mechanisms in a grasshopper. J. Comp. Physiol. A 1987, 161:95-101.
15. Benda J., Herz A.V. A universal model for spike-frequency adaptation. Neural Comput. 2003, 15:2523-2564.
16. Benda J., Bethge M., Hennig R.M., Pawelzik K., Herz A.V.M. Spike frequency adaptation: phenomenological model and experimental tests. Neurocomput. 2001, 38-40:105-110.
17. Blest A.D., Collett J.D., Pye J.D. The generation of ultrasonic signals by a New World arctiid moth. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B 1963, 158:196-207.
18. Boyan G.S. Auditory neurones in the brain of the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus (De Geer). J. Comp. Physiol. A 1980, 140:81-93.
19. Boyan G.S. Two-tone suppression of an identified auditory neurone in the brain of the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus (De Geer). J. Comp. Physiol. A 1981, 144:117-125.
20. Boyan G.S. Neural mechanisms of auditory information processing by identified interneurons in orthoptera. J. Insect Physiol. 1984, 30:27-41.
21. Boyan G.S. Another look at insect audition: the tympanic receptors as an evolutionary specialization of the chordotonal system. J. Insect Physiol. 1993, 39:187-200.
22. Boyan G.S., Fullard J.H. Interneurones responding to sound in the tobacco budworm moth Heliothis virescens (Noctuidae): morphological and physiological characteristics. J. Comp. Physiol. A 1986, 158:391-404.
23. Boyan G.S., Fullard J.H. Information processing at a central synapse suggests a noise filter in the auditory pathway of the noctuid moth. J. Comp. Physiol. A 1988, 164:251-258.
24. Boyan G.S., Miller L.A. Parallel processing of afferent input by identified interneurones in the auditory pathway of the noctuid moth Noctua pronuba (L.). J. Comp. Physiol. A 1991, 168:727-738.
25. Boyan G.S., Williams J.L.D., Fullard J.H. Organisation of the auditory pathway in the thoracic ganglia of noctuid moths. J. Comp. Neurol. 1990, 295:248-267.
26. Boyd P., Kühne R., Silver S., Lewis B. Two-tone suppression and song coding by ascending neurones in the cricket Gryllus campestris L. J. Comp. Physiol. A 1984, 154:423-430.
27. Brodfuehrer P.D., Hoy R.R. Integration of ultrasound and flight inputs on descending neurons in the cricket brain. J. Exp. Biol. 1989, 145:157-171.
28. Brodfuehrer P.D., Hoy R.R. Ultrasound sensitive neurons in the cricket brain. J. Comp. Physiol. A 1990, 166:651-662.
29. Bush S.L., Schul J. Pulse-rate recognition in an insect: evidence of a role for oscillatory neurons. J. Comp. Physiol. A 2006, 192:113-121.
30. Cade W.H. Acoustically orienting parasitoids: fly phonotaxis to cricket song. Science 1975, 190:1312-1313.
31. Casaday G.B., Hoy R.R. Auditory interneurons in the cricket Teleogryllus oceanicus: physiological and anatomical properties. J. Comp. Physiol. A 1977, 121:1-13.
32. Cherry E.C. Some experiments on the recognition of speech with one and with two ears. J Acoust. Soc. Am. 1953, 25:975-979.
33. Conner W.E. Un chant d'appel amoureux': acoustic communication in moths. J. Exp. Biol. 1999, 202:1711-1723.
34. Dawson J.W., Fullard J.H. The neuroethology of sound production in tiger moths (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae). II. Location of the tymbal central pattern generator in Cycnia tenera Hübner. J. Comp. Physiol. A 1995, 176:541-549.
35. Dobler S., Heller K.-G., von Helversen O. Song pattern recognition and an auditory time window in the female bushcricket Ancistura nigrovittata (Orthoptera: Phaneropteridae). J. Comp. Physiol. A 1994, 175:67-74.
36. Doherty J.A. Trade-off phenomena in calling song recognition and phonotaxis in the cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus (Orthoptera, Gryllidae). J. Comp. Physiol. A 1985, 156:787-801.
37. Doolan J.M., Young D. The organization of the auditory organ of the bladder cicada, Cystosoma saundersii. J. Exp. Biol. 1981, 291:525-540.
38. Dunning D.C., Roeder K.D. Moth sounds and the insect-catching behaviour of bats. Science 1965, 147:173-174.
39. Edin F., Machens C.K., Schütze H., Herz A.V.M. Searching for optimal sensory signals: interative stimulus reconstruction in closed-loop experiments. J. Comp. Neurosci. 2004, 17:47-56.
40. Eggers F. Über das thorakale Tympanalorgan der Noctuiden. Sitzungsberichte der Naturforscher-Gesellschaft bei der Universität Tartu (Dorpat) 1911, 20:139-146.
41. Eggers F. Das thorakale bitympanale Organ einer Gruppe der Lepidoptera Heterocera. Zool. Jb. Anat. 1919, 41:273-376.
42. Faulkes Z., Pollack G.S. Effects of inhibitory timing on contrast enhancement in auditory circuits in crickets (Teleogryllus oceanicus). J. Neurophysiol. 2000, 84:1247-1255.
43. Faure P.A., Hoy R.R. The sounds of silence: cessation of singing and sound pausing are ultrasound-induced acoustic startle behaviours in the katydid Neoconocephalus ensiger (Orthoptera; Tettigoniidae). J. Comp. Physiol. A 2000, 186:129-142.
44. Faure P.A., Hoy R.R. Neuroethology of the katydid T-cell. I. Tuning and responses to pure tones. J. Exp. Biol. 2000, 203:3225-3242.
45. Faure P.A., Hoy R.R. Neuroethology of the katydid T-cell. II. response to acoustic playback of conspecific and predatory signals. J. Exp. Biol. 2000, 203:3243-3254.
46. Fonseca P.J., Münch D., Hennig R.M. Auditory perception: how cicadas interpret acoustic signals. Nature 2000, 405:297-298.
47. Forrest T.G., Read M.P., Farris H.E., Hoy R.R. A tympanal hearing organ in scarab beetles. J. Exp. Biol. 1997, 200:601-606.
48. Fullard J.H. Cephalic influences on a defensive behaviour in the dogbane tiger moth, Cycnia tenera. Physiol. Entomol. 1982, 7:157-162.
49. Fullard J.H. Listening for bats: pulse repetition rate as a cue for a defensive behaviour in Cycnia tenera (Lepidoptera:Arctiidae). J. Comp. Physiol. A 1984, 154:249-252.
50. Fullard J.H. Acoustic relationships between tympanate moths and the Hawaiian hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus semotus). J. Comp. Physiol. A 1984, 155.
51. Fullard J.H., Dawson J.W., Jacobs D.S. Auditory encoding during the last moment of a moth's life. J. Exp. Biol. 2003, 206:281-294.
52. Fullard J.H., Simmons S.J., Saillant P.A. Jamming bat echolocation: the dogbane tiger moth Cycnia tenera times its clicks to the terminal attack calls of the big brown bat Eptesicus fuscus. J. Exp. Biol. 1994, 194:285-298.
53. Givois V., Pollack G.S. Sensory habituation of auditory receptor neurons: implications for sound localization. J. Exp. Biol. 2000, 201:2529-2537.
54. Gray E.G. The fine structure of the insect ear. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond B 1960, 243:75-94.
55. Greenfield M.D., Roizen I. Katydid synchronous chorusing is an evolutionary stable outcome of female choice. Nature 1993, 364:618-620.
56. Greenfield M.D., Shelly T.E. Territory-Based Mating Systems in Desert Grasshoppers: Effects of Host Plant Distribution and Variation. Biology of Grasshoppers 1990, 315-335. Wiley. R.F. Chapman, A. Joern (Eds.).
57. Halex H., Kaiser W., Kalmring K. Projection areas and branching patterns of the tympanal receptor cells in migratory locusts, Locusta migratoria and Schistocerca gregaria. Cell Tissue Res. 1988, 253:517-528.
58. Hartley J.C., Robinson D.J. Acoustic behaviour of both sexes of the speckled bush cricket Leptophyes punctatissima. Physiol. Entomol. 1976, 1:21-25.
59. Hedwig B. On the role in stridulation of plurisegmental interneurons of the acridid grasshopper Omocestus viridulus L. II. Anatomy and physiology of ascending and T-shaped interneurons. J. Comp. Physiol. A 1986, 158:429-444.
60. Hedwig B. Activation and modulation of auditory receptors in Locusta migratoria by respiratory movements. J. Comp. Physiol. A 1988, 162:237-246.
61. Hedwig B. Modulation of auditory information processing in tethered flying locusts. J. Comp. Physiol. A 1989, 164:409-422.
62. Hedwig B. Modulation of auditory responsiveness in stridulating grasshoppers. J. Comp. Physiol. A 1990, 167:847-856.
63. Hedwig B. Pulses, patterns, paths: neurobiology of auditory behaviour in crickets. J. Comp. Physiol. A 2006, 192:677-689.
64. Hedwig B., Heinrich R. Identified descending brain neurons control different stridulatory motor patterns in an acridid grasshopper. J. Comp. Physiol. A 1997, 180:285-295.
65. Hedwig B., Meyer J. Auditory information processing in stridulating grasshoppers: tympanic membrane vibrations and neurophysiology. J. Comp. Physiol. A 1994, 174:121-131.
66. Hedwig B., Poulet J.F.A. Complex auditory behaviour emerges from simple reactive steering. Nature 2004, 430:781-785.
67. Hedwig B., Poulet J.F.A. Mechanisms underlying phonotactic steering in the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus (de Geer) revealed with a fast trackball system. J. Exp. Biol. 2005, 208:915-927.
68. Heller K.-G., von Helversen D. Acoustic communication in phaneropterid bushcrickets: species-specific delay of female stridulatory response and matching male sensory time window. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 1986, 18:189-198.
69. von Helversen D. Gesang des Männchens und Lautschema des Weibchens bei der Feldheuschrecke Chorthippus biguttulus (Orthoptera, Acrididae). Z. vergl. Physiol. 1972, 81:381-422.
70. von Helversen D. Parallel processing in auditory pattern recognition and directional analysis by the grasshopper Chorthippus biguttulus L. (Acrididae). J. Comp. Physiol. A 1984, 154:837-846.
71. von Helversen D. Acoustic Communication and Orientation in Grasshoppers. Orientation and Communication in Arthropods 1997, 301-341. Birkhäuser. M. Lehrer (Ed.).
72. von Helversen D., von Helversen O. Pattern Recognition and Directional Analysis: Routes and Stations of Information Flow in the CNS of a Grasshopper. Sensory Systems and Communication in Arthropods 1990, 209-216. Birkhäuser. F. Gribakin, K. Wiese, A.V. Popov (Eds.).
73. von Helversen D., von Helversen O. Acoustic pattern recognition and orientation in orthopteran insects: parallel or serial processing?. J. Comp. Physiol. A 1995, 177:767-774.
74. von Helversen D., von Helversen O. Recognition of sex in the acoustic communication of the grasshopper Chorthippus biguttulus (Orthoptera, Acrididae). J. Comp. Physiol. A 1997, 180:373-386.
75. von Helversen D., Rheinlaender J. Interaural intensity and time discrimination in an unrestrained grasshopper: a tentative approach. J. Comp. Physiol. A 1988, 162:333-340.
76. von Helversen O. Angeborenes Erkennen akustischer Schlüsselreize. Verh. Dtsch. Zool. Ges. 1979, 1979:42-59.
77. von Helversen O., von Helversen D. Forces Driving the Coevolution of Song and Song Recognition in Grasshoppers. Progress in Zoology 1994, 253-284. Fischer Verlag Stuttgart. K. Schildberger, N. Elsner (Eds.).
78. von Helversen O., Schul J., Kleindienst H.-U. Male recognition mechanism for female responses implies a dilemma for their localisation in a phaneropterine bushcricket. J. Comp. Physiol. A 2001, 186:1153-1158.
79. Hennig R.M. Ascending auditory interneurons in the cricket Teleogryllus commodus (Walker): comparative physiology and direct connections with afferents. J. Comp. Physiol. A 1988, 163:135-143.
80. Hennig R.M. Acoustic feature extraction by cross-correlation in crickets?. J. Comp. Physiol. A 2003, 189:589-598.
81. Hennig R.M., Weber T. Filtering of temporal parameters of the calling song by cricket females of two closely related species: a behavioural analysis. J. Comp. Physiol. A 1997, 180:621-630.
82. Hennig R.M., Franz A., Stumpner A. Processing of auditory information in insects. Microsc. Res. Tech. 2004, 63:351-374.
83. Hennig R.M., Weber T., Huber F., Kleindienst H.-U., Moore T.E., Popov A.V. Auditory threshold change in singing cicadas. J. Exp. Biol. 1994, 187:45-55.
84. Horridge G.A. Pitch discrimination in Orthoptera (Insecta) demonstrated by responses of central auditory neurones. Nature 1960, 165:623-624.
85. Horseman G., Huber F. Sound localisation in crickets I. Contralateral inhibition of an ascending interneuron (AN1) in the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus. J. Comp. Physiol. A 1994, 175:389-398.
86. Horseman G., Huber F. Sound localisation in crickets II. Modelling the role of a simple network in the prothoracic ganglion. J. Comp. Physiol. A 1994, 175:399-413.
87. Hoy R.R. Acoustic communication in crickets: a model system of feature detection. Fed. Proc. 1978, 37:2316-2323.
88. Hoy R.R. The Evolution of Hearing in Insects as an Adaptation to Predation from Bats. The Evolutionary Biology of Hearing 1992, 115-129. Springer. D.B. Webster, R.R. Fay, A.N. Popper (Eds.).
89. Huber F. Neural Correlates of Orthopteran and Cicada Phonotaxis. Neuroethology and Behavioural Physiology 1983, 108-135. Springer, Berlin. F. Huber, H. Markl (Eds.).
90. Huber F., Kleindienst H.-U., Moore T.E., Schildberger K., Weber T. Acoustic Communication in Periodical Cicadas: Neuronal Responses to Songs of Sympatric Species. Sensory Systems and Communication in Arthropods 1990, 217-228. Birkhäuser. F. Gribakin, K. Wiese, A.V. Popov (Eds.).
91. Hutchings M., Lewis B. The role of two-tone suppression in song coding by ventral cord neurones in the cricket Teleogryllus oceanicus (Le Guillou). J. Comp. Physiol. A 1984, 154:103-112.
92. Imaizumi K., Pollack G.S. Neural coding of sound frequency by cricket auditory receptors. J. Neuroscience 1999, 19:1508-1516.
93. Imaizumi K., Pollack G.S. Neural representation of sound amplitude by functionally different auditory receptors in crickets. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 2001, 109:1247-1260.
94. Imaizumi K., Pollack G.S. Central projections of auditory receptor neurons of crickets. J. Comp. Neurol. 2005, 493:439-447.
95. Jacobs K., Otte B., Lakes-Harlan R. Tympanal receptor cells of Schistocerca gregaria: correlation of soma positions and dendrite attachment sites, central projections and physiologies. J. Exp. Zool. 1999, 283:270-285.
96. Kalmring K., Hoffmann E., Jatho M., Sickmann T., Grossbach M. The auditory-vibratory sensory system of the bushcricket Polysarcus denticauda (Phaneropterinae, Tettigoniidae) II. Physiology of receptor cells. J. Exp. Zool. 1996, 276:315-329.
97. Kalmring K., Rehbein H., Kühne R. An auditory giant neuron in the ventral cord of Decticus verrucivorus (Tettigoniidae). J. Comp. Physiol. A 1979, 132:225-234.
98. Kalmring K., Rössler W., Ebendt R., Ahi J., Lakes R. The auditory receptor organs in the forelegs of bushcrickets: physiology, receptor cell arrangement, and morphology of the tympanal and intermediate organs of three closely related species. Zool Jb Physiol. 1993, 97:75-94.
99. Katsuki Y., Suga N. Neural mechanism of hearing in insects. J. Exp. Biol. 1960, 37:279-290.
100. von Kennel J., Eggers F. Die abdominalen Tympanalorgane der Lepidopteren. Zoologische Jahrbücher Abteilung für Anatomie und Ontogenie der Tiere 1933, 57:1-105.
101. Keuper A., Weidemann S., Kalmring K., Kaminski D. Sound production and sound emission in seven species of European tettigoniids. The different parameters of the song: their relation to the morphology of the bushcricket. Bioacoustics 1988, 1:31-48.
102. Kleindienst H.-U., Koch U.T., Wohlers D.W. Analysis of the cricket auditory system by acoustic stimulation using a closed sound field. J. Comp. Physiol. A 1981, 141:282-296.
103. Kriegbaum H. Female choice in the grasshopper Chorthippus biguttulus. Naturwissenschaften 1989, 76:81-82.
104. Lakes-Harlan R., Heller K.-G. Ultrasound-sensitive ears in a parasitoid fly. Naturwissenschaften 1992, 79:224-226.
105. Lakes-Harlan R., Stölting H., Stumpner A. Convergent evolution of insect hearing organs from a preadaptive structure. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B 1999, 266:1161-1167.
106. Latimer W., Lewis D.B. Song harmonic content as a parameter determining acoustic orientation behaviour in the cricket Teleogryllus oceanicus (Le Guillou). J. Comp. Physiol. A 1986, 158:538-591.
107. Latimer W., Sippel M. Acoustic cues for female choice and male competition in Tettigonia cantans. Anim. Behav. 1987, 35:887-900.
108. Lewis F.P., Fullard J.H. Neurometamorphosis of the ear in the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, and its homologue in the earless forest tent caterpillar moth, Malacosomosa disstria. J. Neurobiol. 1996, 31:245-262.
109. Libersat F., Hoy R.R. Ultrasonic startle behaviour in bushcrickets (Orthoptera; Tettigoniidae). J. Comp. Physiol. A 1991, 169:507-514.
110. Libersat F., Murray J.A., Hoy R.R. Frequency as a releaser in the courtship song of two crickets, Gryllus bimaculatus (de Geer) and Teleogryllus oceanicus: a neuroethological analysis. J. Comp. Physiol. A 1994, 174:485-494.
111. Lin Y., Kalmring K., Jatho M., Sickmann T., Rössler W. Auditory receptor organs in the foreleg of Gamsocleiis gratiosa (Tettigoniidae): morphology and function of the organs in comparison to the frequency parameters of the conspecific song. J. Exp. Zool. 1993, 267:377-388.
112. Machens C.K., Schütze H., Franz A., Kolesnikova O., Stemmler M.B., Ronacher B., Herz A.V.M. Single auditory neurons rapidly discriminate conspecific communication signals. Nat. Neurosci. 2003, 6:341-342.
113. Machens C.K., Stemmler M.B., Prinz P., Krahe R., Ronacher B. Representation of acoustic communication signals by insect auditory receptor neurons. J. Neurosci. 2001, 21:3215-3227.
114. Madsen B.M., Miller L.A. Auditory input to motor neurones of the dorsal longitudinal flight muscle of the noctuid moth (Barathra brassicae L.). J. Comp. Physiol. A 1987, 160:23-31.
115. Marquart V. Local interneurons mediating excitation and inhibition onto ascending neurons in the auditory pathway of grasshoppers. Naturwissenschaften 1985, 72:42-44.
116. Marsat G., Pollack G.S. Differential temporal coding of rhythmically diverse acoustic signals by a single interneuron. J. Neurophysiol. 2004, 92:939-948.
117. Marsat G., Pollack G.S. Effect of the temporal pattern of contralateral inhibition on sound localization cues. J. Neurosci. 2005, 25:6137-6144.
118. Marsat G., Pollack G.S. A behavioral role for feature detection by sensory bursts. J. Neurosci. 2006, 26:10542-10547.
119. Marsat G., Polllaus G.S. Efficient inhibition of bursts by bursts in the auditory system of crickets. J. Comp. Physiol. A 2007, 193:625-633.
120. Meier T., Reichert H. Embryonic development and evolutionary origin of the orthopteran auditory system. J. Neurobiol. 1990, 21:592-610.
121. Meyer J., Elsner N. How respiration affects auditory sensitivity in the grasshopper Chorthippus biguttulus (L.). J. Comp. Physiol. A 1995, 176:563-573.
122. Meyer J., Elsner N. How well are frequency sensitivities of grassshopper ears tuned to species-specific song spectra. J. Exp. Biol. 1996, 199:1631-1642.
123. Meyer J., Elsner N. Can spectral cues contribute to species separation in closely related grasshoppers?. J. Comp. Physiol. A 1997, 180:171-180.
124. Meyer J., Hedwig B. The influence of tracheal pressure changes on the responses of the tympanal membrane and auditory receptors in the locust Locusta migratoria L. Laservibrometric, laserinterferometric and neurophysiological studies. J. Exp. Biol. 1995, 198:1327-1339.
125. Meyer J., Hedwig B., Elsner N. Auditory Information Processing and Pattern Recognition in Ventilating Grasshoppers. Gene-Brain-Behaviour: Proceedings of the 21st Göttingen Neurobiology Conference 1993, 81. Thieme. N. Elsner, M. Heisenberg (Eds.).
126. Michel K. Das Tympanalorgan von Cicada orni L. (Cicadina, Homoptera). Zoomorphologie 1975, 82:63-78.
127. Michelsen A. The physiology of the locust ear. J. Comp. Physiol. A 1971, 71:49-128.
128. Michelsen A., Löhe G. Tuned directionality in cricket ears. Nature 1995, 375:639.
129. Michelsen A., Rohrseitz K. Directional sound processing and interaural sound transmission in a small and a large grasshopper. J. Exp. Biol. 1995, 1817-1827.
130. Miller L.A. Structure of the green lacewing tympanal organ (Chrysopa carnea, Neuroptera). J. Morphol. 1970, 131:359-382.
131. Miller L.A. Physiological responses of green lacewings (Chrysopa, Neuroptera) to ultrasound. J. Insect Physiol. 1971, 17:491-506.
132. Moiseff A., Hoy R.R. Sensitivity to ultrasound in an identified auditory interneuron in the cricket: a possible link to phonotactic behaviour. J. Comp. Physiol. A 1983, 152:155-167.
133. Moiseff A., Pollack G.S., Hoy R.R. Steering responses of flying crickets to sound and ultrasound: mate attraction and predator avoidance. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 1978, 75:4052-4056.
134. Molina J., Stumpner A. Effects of pharmacological treatment and photoinactivation on the directional responses of an insect neuron. J. Exp. Zool. 2005, 303A:1085-1103.
135. Mörchen A., Rheinlaender J., Schwartzkopff J. Latnecy shift in insect auditory nerve fibers. Naturwiss 1978, 65:656-657.
136. Nabatiyan A., Poulet J.F.A., de Polavieja G.G., Hedwig B. Temporal pattern recognition based on instantaneous spike rate coding in a simple auditory system. J. Neurophysiol. 2003, 90:2484-2493.
137. Nishino H., Field L.H. Somatotopic mapping of chordotonal organ neurons in a primitive Ensiferan, the New Zealand tree weta Hemideina femorata: II. Complex tibial organ. J. Comp. Neurol. 2003, 464:327-342.
138. Nolen T.G., Hoy R.R. Initiation of behavior by a single neuron: the role of behavioral context. Science 1984, 226:992-994.
139. Nolen T.G., Hoy R.R. Phonotaxis in flying crickets. I. Attraction to the calling song and avoidance of bat-like ultrasound are discrete behaviors. J. Comp. Physiol. A 1986, 159:423-439.
140. Nolen T.G., Hoy R.R. Phonotaxis in flying crickets. II. Physiological mechanisms of two-tone suppression of the high frequency avoidance steering behavior by the calling song. J. Comp. Physiol. A 1986, 159:441-456.
141. Oldfield B.P. Tonotopic organization of auditory receptors in Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera: Ensifera). J. Comp. Physiol. A 1982, 147:461-469.
142. Oldfield B.P. Central projections of primary auditory fibers in Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera: Ensifera). J. Comp. Physiol. A 1983, 151:389-395.
143. Oldfield B.P. Physiology of auditory receptors in two species of Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera: Ensifera): alternative tonotopic organisations of the auditory organ. J. Comp. Physiol. A 1984, 155:689-696.
144. Oldfield B.P. The Role of the Tympanal Membrane and the Receptor Array in the Tuning of Auditory Receptors in Bushcrickets. Acoustic and Vibrational Communication in Insects 1985, 17-24. Parey. K. Kalmring, N. Elsner (Eds.).
145. Oldfield B.P., Hill K.G. The physiology of ascending auditory interneurons in the tettigoniid Caedica simplex (Orthoptera: Ensifera): response properties and a model of integration in the afferent auditory pathway. J. Comp. Physiol. A 1983, 152:495-508.
146. Oldfield B.P., Kleindienst H.-U., Huber F. Physiology and tonotopic organization of auditory recptors in the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus DeGeer. J. Comp. Physiol. A 1986, 15:457-464.
147. Oshinsky M.L., Hoy R.R. Physiology of the auditory afferents in an acoustic parasitoid fly. J. Neurosci. 2002, 15:7254-7263.
148. Paul D.H. Central projections of the tympanic fibres in noctuid moths. J. Insect Physiol. 1973, 19:1785-1792.
149. Pauls S., Pauls M., Elsner N., Lakes-Harlan R. Composition of the Tympanal Nerves of Different Grasshopper Species. Göttingen Neurobiology Report 2001, 372. Thieme. N. Elsner, G.W. Kreutzberg (Eds.).
150. Pflüger H.-J., Bräunig P., Hustert R. The organization of mechanosensory neuropiles in locust thoracic ganglia. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 1988, 321:1-26.
151. Pollack G.S. Discrimination of calling song models by the cricket, Teleogryllus oceanicus: the influence of sound direction on neural encoding of the stimulus temporal pattern and on phonotactic behavior. J. Comp. Physiol. A 1986, 158:549-561.
152. Pollack G.S. Selective attention in an insect auditory neuron. J. Neurosci. 1988, 8(7):2635-2639.
153. Pollack G.S. Sensory cues for sound localization in the cricket Teleogryllus oceanicus: interaural difference in response strength versus interaural latency difference. J. Comp. Physiol. A 2003, 189:143-151.
154. Pollack G.S., Faulkes Z. Representation of behaviourally relevant sound frequencies by auditory receptors in the cricket Teleogryllus oceanicus. J. Exp. Biol. 1998, 201:155-163.
155. Pollack G.S., Hoy R.R. Temporal pattern as a cue for species-specific calling song recognition in crickets. Science 1979, (204):429-432.
156. Pollack G.S., Hoy R.R. Phonotaxis in flying crickets: neural correlates. J. Insect Physiol. 1981, 27:41-45.
157. Pollack G.S., Huber F., Weber T. Frequency and temporal pattern dependent phonotaxis of crickets (Teleogryllus oceanicus) during tethered flight and compensated walking. J. Comp. Physiol. 1984, 154:13-26.
158. Popov A.V., Markovich A.M., Andjan A.S. Auditory interneurons in the prothoracic ganglion of the cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus deGeer. I. The large segmental auditory neuron (LSAN). J. Comp. Physiol. A 1978, 126:183-192.
159. Poulet J.F.A., Hedwig B. Tympanic membrane oscillations and auditory receptor activity in the singing cricket Gryllus bimaculatus. J. Exp. Biol. 2001, 204:1281-1293.
160. Poulet J.F.A., Hedwig B. A corollary discharge maintains auditory sensitivity during sound production. Nature 2002, 418:872-876.
161. Poulet J.F.A., Hedwig B. A corollary discharge modulates central auditory processing in singing crickets. J. Neurophysiol. 2003, 89:1528-1540.
162. Poulet J.F.A., Hedwig B. Corollary discharge inhibition of ascending auditory neurons in the stridulating cricket. J. Neurosci. 2003, 23:4717-4725.
163. Poulet J.F.A., Hedwig B. Auditory orientation in crickets: pattern recognition controls reactive steering. PNAS 2005, 102:15665-15669.
164. Poulet J.F.A., Hedwig B. The cellular basis of a corollary discharge. Science 2006, 311:518-522.
165. Prager J. Das mesothorakale Tympanalorgan von Corixa punctata Ill. (Heteroptera, Corixidae). J. Comp. Physiol. A 1976, 110:33-50.
166. Pringle J.W.S. A physiological analysis of cicada song. J. Exp. Biol. 1954, 31:525-560.
167. Pumphrey R.J. Hearing in insects. Biol. Rev. 1940, 15:107-132.
168. Ratcliffe J.M., Fullard J.H. The adaptive function of tiger moth clicks against echolocating bats: an experimental and synthetic approach. J. Exp. Biol. 2005, 208:4689-4698.
169. Rehbein H. Auditory neurons in the ventral cord of the locust: morphological and functional properties. J. Comp. Physiol. A 1976, 110:233-250.
170. Rheinlaender J., Mörchen A. Time-intensity trading' in locust auditory interneurones. Nature 1979, 281:672-674.
171. Rheinlaender J., Shen J.-X., Römer H. Auditory lateralization in bushcrickets: a new dichotic paradigm. J. Comp. Physiol. A 2006, 192:389-397.
172. Richards A.G. Comparative skeletal morphology of the noctuid tympanum. Entomologica Americana 1933, 13:1-43.
173. Rieke F., Warland D., Ruyter van Steveninck R., Bialek W. Spikes Exploring the Neural Code 1997, MIT Press, p. 395.
174. Robert D. The auditory behaviour of flying locusts. J. Exp. Biol. 1989, 147:279-301.
175. Robert D., Amoroso J., Hoy R.R. The evolutionary convergence of hearing in a parasitoid fly and its cricket host. Science 1992, 258:1135-1137.
176. Robert D., Miles R.N., Hoy R.R. Tympanal hearing in the sarcophagid parasitoid fly Emblemasoma sp.: the biomechanics of directional hearing. J. Exp. Biol. 1999, 1865-1876.
177. Robert D., Read M.P., Hoy R.R. The tympanal hearing organ of the parasitoid fly Ormia ochracea (Diptera, Tachinidae, Ormiini). Cell Tissue Res. 1994, 275:63-78.
178. Robinson D.J., Rheinlaender J., Hartley J.C. Temporal parameters of male-female sound communication in Leptophyes punctatissima. Physiol. Entom. 1986, 11:317-323.
179. Roeder K.D. The behaviour of free flying moths in the presence of artificial ultrasonic pulses. Anim. Behav. 1962, 10:300-304.
180. Roeder K.D. Aspects of the noctuid tympanic nerve response having significance in the avoidance of bats. J. Insect Physiol. 1964, 10:529-546.
181. Roeder K.D. Auditory system of noctuid moths. Science 1966, 154:1515-1521.
182. Roeder K.D. Interneurons of the thoracic nerve cord activated by tympanic nerve fibres in noctuid moths. J. Insect Physiol. 1966, 12:1227-1244.
183. Roeder K.D. Episodes in insect brains. Am. Sci. 1970, 58:378-389.
184. Roeder K.D. Acoustic and mechanical sensitivity of the distal lobe of the pilifer in choerocampine hawkmoths. J. Insect Physiol. 1972, 18:1249-1264.
185. Roeder K.D. Brain interneurons in noctuoid moths: binaural excitation and slow potentials. J. Insect Physiol. 1973, 19:1591-1601.
186. Roeder K.D. Responses of the less sensitive acoustic sense cells in the tympanic organs of some noctuid and geometrid moths. J. Insect Physiol. 1974, 20:55-66.
187. Roeder K.D., Treat A.E. Ultrasonic reception by the tympanic organ of noctuid moths. J. Exp. Zool. 1957, 134:127-157.
188. Rokem A., Watzl S., Gollish T., Stemmler M., Herz A.V.M., Samengo I. Spike-timing precision underlies the coding efficiency of auditory receptor neurons. J. Neurophysiol. 2006, 95:2541-2552.
189. Römer H. Die Informationsverarbeitung tympanaler Rezeptorelemente von Locusta migratoria (Acrididae, Orthoptera). J. Comp. Physiol. A 1976, 109:101-122.
190. Römer H. Tonotopic organisation of the auditory neuropil in the bushcricket Tettigonia viridissima. Nature 1983, 306:60-62.
191. Römer H. Representation of auditory distance within a central neuropile of the bushcricket Mygalopsis marki. J. Comp. Physiol. A 1987, 161:33-42.
192. Römer H. Environmental and biological constraints for the evolution of long-range signalling and hearing in acoustic insects. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 1993, 340:179-185.
193. Römer H., Dronse R. Synaptic mechanisms of monaural and binaural processing in the locust. J. Insect Physiol. 1982, 28:365-370.
194. Römer H., Krusch M. A gain-control mechanism for processing of chorus sounds in the afferent auditory pathway of the bushcricket Tettigonia viridissima (Orthoptera; Tettigoniidae). J. Comp. Physiol. A 2000, 186:181-191.
195. Römer H., Marquart V. Morphology and physiology of auditory interneurons in the metathoracic ganglion of the locust. J. Comp. Physiol. A 1984, 155:249-262.
196. Römer H., Seikowski U. Response to model songs of auditory neurons in the thoracic ganglia and brain of the locust. J. Comp. Physiol. A 1985, 156:845-860.
197. Römer H., Hedwig B., Ott S.R. Contralateral inhibition as a sensory bias: the neural basis for a female preference in a synchronously calling bushcricket, Mecopoda elongata. Eur. J. Neurosci. 2002, 15:1655-1662.
198. Römer H., Marquardt V., Hardt M. Organisation of a sensory neuropile in the auditory pathway of two groups of Orthoptera. J. Comp. Neurol. 1988, 275:201-215.
199. Römer H., Rheinlaender J., Dronse R. Intracellular studies on auditory processing in the metathoracic ganglion of the locust. J. Comp. Physiol. A 1981, 144:305-312.
200. Ronacher B., Krahe R. Song recognition in the grasshopper Chorthippus biguttulus is not impaired by shortening song signals: implications for neural encoding. J. Comp. Physiol. A 1998, 183:729-735.
201. Ronacher B., Römer H. Spike synchronisation of tympanic receptor fibres in a grasshopper (Chorthippus biguttulus L., Acrididae). J. Comp. Physiol. A 1985, 157:631-642.
202. Ronacher B., Stumpner A. Filtering of behavioural relevant temporal parameters of a grasshopper's song by an auditory interneurone. J. Comp. Physiol. A 1988, 163:517-523.
203. Ronacher B., Franz A., Wohlgemuth S., Hennig R.M. Variability of spike trains and the processing of temporal patterns of acoustic signals - problems, constraints, and solutions. J. Comp. Physiol. A 2004, 190:257-277.
204. Ronacher B., von Helversen D., von Helversen O. Routes and stations in the processing of auditory directional information in the CNS of a grasshopper, as revealed by surgical experiments. J. Comp. Physiol. A 1986, 158:363-374.
205. Ronacher B., Stumpner A., Sokoliuk T., Herrmann B. Acoustic communication of grasshopper males after lesions in the thoracic connectives: correlation with the ascending projections of identified auditory neurons. Zoo. Jb. Physiol. 1993, 97:199-214.
206. Rössler W., Hübschen A., Schul J., Kalmring K. Functional morphology of bushcricket ears: comparison between two species belonging to the Phaneropterineae und Decticinae (Insecta, Ensifera). Zoomorphology 1994, 114:39-46.
207. Rydell J., Kaerma S., Hedelin H., Skals N. Evasive response to ultrasound by the crepuscular butterfly Mataria maculata. Naturwissenschaften 2003, 90:80-83.
208. Sanderford M.V., Coro F., Conner W.E. Courtship behaviour in Empyreunma affinis Roths. (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae, Ctenuchinae): acoustic signals and tympanic response. Naturwissenschaften 1998, 85:82-87.
209. Schaller F. Lauterzeugung und Hörvermögen von Corixa (Callicorixa) striata L. Z. vergl Physiol 1951, 33:476-486.
210. Schildberger K. Temporal selectivity of identified auditory neurons in the cricket brain. J. Comp. Physiol. A 1984, 155:171-185.
211. Schildberger K. The auditory pathway of crickets: adaptations for intraspecific acoustic communication. Neural basis of behavioural adaptations 1994, 209-226. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart. K. Schildberger, N. Elsner (Eds.).
212. Schildberger K., Hörner M. The function of auditory neurons in cricket phonotaxis I. Influence of hyperpolarization of identified neurons on sound localisation. J. Comp. Physiol. A 1988, 163:621-631.
213. Schildberger K., Milde J.J., Hörner M. The function of auditory neurons in cricket phonotaxis II. Modulation of auditory responses during locomotion. J. Comp. Physiol. A 1988, 163:633-640.
214. Schul J. Neuronal basis of phonotactic behaviour in Tettigonia viridissima: processing of behaviourally relevant signals by auditory afferents and thoracic interneurons. J. Comp. Physiol. A 1997, 180:573-583.
215. Schul J. Song recognition by temporal cues in a group of closely related buschcrickets (genus Tettigonia). J. Comp. Physiol. A 1998, 183:401-410.
216. Schul J., von Helversen O., Weber T. Selective phonotaxis in Tettigonia cantans and T. viridissima in song recognition and discrimination. J. Comp. Physiol. A 1998, 182:687-694.
217. Schul J., Holderied M., von Helversen D., von Helversen O. Directional hearing in a grasshopper: neurophysiological testing of a bioacoustical model. J. Exp. Biol. 1999, 202:121-133.
218. Schultz W., Schul J. Ultrasound avoidance behaviour in the bushcricket Tettigonia viridissima (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae). J. Exp. Biol. 2001, 204:733-740.
219. Schwabe J. Beiträge zur Morphologie und Histologie der tympanalen Sinnesapparate der Orthopteren. Zoologica 1906, 50:1-154.
220. Selverston A.I., Kleindienst H.-U., Huber F. Synaptic connectivity between cricket auditory interneurons as studied by selective photoinactivation. J. Neurosci. 1985, 5:1283-1292.
221. Sippel M., Breckow J. Non-monotonic response-intensity characteristics of auditory receptor cells in Locusta migratoria. J. Comp. Physiol. A 1984, 155:633-638.
222. Sismondo E. Synchronous. alternating, and phase-locked stridulation by a tropical katydid. Science 1990, 249:55-58.
223. Snedden W.A., Greenfield M.D. Females prefer leading males: relative call timing and sexual selection in katydid choruses. Anim. Behav. 1998, 56:1091-1098.
224. 2+ dynamics in a cricket auditory neuron: an example of chemical computation. Science 1994, 263:823-826.
225. Sokoliuk T., Stumpner A., Ronacher B. GABA-like immunoreactivity suggests an inhibitory function of the thoracic low-frequency neuron (TN1) in acridid grasshoppers. Naturwissenschaften 1989, 76:223-225.
226. Spangler H.G. Hearing in tiger beetles (Cicindelidae). Physiol. Entomol. 1988, 13:447-452.
227. Spooner J.D. Pair-forming acoustic systems of phaneropterine katydids (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae). Anim. Behav. 1968, 16:197-212.
228. van Staaden M.J., Rieser M., Ott S.R., Pabst M.A., Römer H. Serial hearing organs in the atympanate grasshopper Bullacris membracioides (Orthoptera, Pneumoridae). J. Comp. Neurol. 2003, 465:579-592.
229. Stabel J., Wendler G., Scharstein H. Cricket phonotaxis: localisation depends on recognition of the calling song patern. J. Comp. Physiol. A 1989, 165:165-177.
230. Staudacher E.M. Sensory responses of descending brain neurons in the walking cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus. J. Comp. Physiol. A 2001, 187:1-17.
231. Stölting H., Stumpner A. Tonotopic organization of auditory receptors of the bushcricket Pholidoptera griseoaptera (Tettigoniidae, Decticinae). Cell Tissue Res. 1998, 294:377-386.
232. Stout J.F., Huber F. Response of central auditory neurons of female crickets (Gryllus campestris L.) to the calling song of the male. J. Comp. Physiol. A 1972, 76:302-313.
233. Stout J.F., McGhee R. Attractiveness of the male Acheta domestica calling song to females II. The relative importance of syllable period, intensity, and chirp rate. J. Comp. Physiol. A 1988, 164:277-287.
234. Stumpner A. An auditory interneurone tuned to the male song frequency in the bushcricket Ancistura nigrovittata (Orthoptera, Phaneropteridae). J. Exp. Biol. 1997, 200:1089-1101.
235. Stumpner A. An interneurone of unusual morphology is tuned to the female song frequency in the bushcricket Ancistura nigrovittata (Orthoptera, Phaneropteridae). J. Exp. Biol. 1999, 202:2071-2081.
236. Stumpner A. A species-specific frequency filter through specific inhibition, not specific excitation. J. Comp. Physiol. A 2002, 188:239-248.
237. Stumpner A., Lakes-Harlan R. Auditory interneurons in a hearing fly (Therobia leonidei, Ormiini, Tachinidae, Diptera). J. Comp. Physiol. A 1996, 178:227-233.
238. Stumpner A., Meyer S. Songs and the function of song elements in four duetting bushcricket species (Ensifera, Phaneropteridae, Barbitistes). J. Ins. Physiol. 2001, 14:511-534.
239. Stumpner A., Molina J. Diversity of Intersegmental auditory neurons in a bush cricket. J. Comp. Physiol. A. 2006, 192:1359-1376.
240. Stumpner A., Ronacher B. Auditory interneurones in the metathoracic ganglion of the grasshopper Chorthippus biguttulus. I. Morphological and physiological characterization. J. Exp. Biol. 1991, 158:391-410.
241. Stumpner A., Ronacher B. Neurophysiological aspects of song pattern recognition and sound localization in grasshoppers. Amer. Zool. 1994, 34:696-705.
242. Stumpner A., Ronacher B., von Helversen O. Auditory interneurones in the metathoracic ganglion of the grasshopper Chorthippus biguttulus. II. Processing of temporal patterns of the song of the male. J. Exp. Biol. 1991, 158:411-430.
243. Suga N. Central mechanism of hearing and sound localization in insects. J. Insect Physiol. 1963, 9:867-873.
244. Suga N., Katsuki Y. Central mechanism of hearing in insects. J. Exp. Biol. 1961, 38:545-558.
245. Surlykke A., Filskov M. Hearing in Geometrid moths. Naturwissenschaften 1997, 84:356-359.
246. Surlykke A., Miller L.A. Central branchings of three axons from a moth ear (Agrotis segetum, Noctuidae). J. Insect Physiol. 1982, 28:357-364.
247. Thomson K.J., Siegler M.V.S. Anatomy and physiology of spiking local and intersegmental interneurons in the median neuroblast lineage of the grasshopper. J. Comp. Neurol. 1991, 305:659-675.
248. Thorson J., Weber T., Huber F. Auditory behaviour of the cricket. II. Simplicity of calling-song recognition in Gryllus, and anomalous phonotaxis at abnormal carrier frequencies. J Comp. Physiol, A 1982, 146:361-378.
249. Triblehorn J.D., Yager D.D. Implanted electrode reecordings from a praying mantis auditory interneuron during flying bat attacks. J. Exp. Biol. 2002, 205:307-320.
250. Triblehorn J.D., Yager D.D. Timing of praying mantis evasive responses during simulated bat attack sequences. J. Exp. Biol. 2005, 208:1867-1876.
251. van Staaden M.J., Römer H. Sexual signalling in bladder grasshoppers: tactical design for maximising calling range. J. Exp. Biol. 1997, 200:2597-2608.
252. van Staaden M.J., Römer H. Evolutionary transition from stretch to hearing organs in ancient grasshoppers. Nature 1998, 394:773-776.
253. van Staaden M.J., Rieser M., Ott S.R., Pabst M.A., Römer H. Serial hearing organs in the atympanate grasshopper Bullacris membraciodes (Orthoptera, Pneumoridae). J Comp Neurol 2003, 465:579-592.
254. Vogel R. Über die Chordotonalorgane in der Wurzel der Schmetterlingsflügel. Z wiss Zool 1912, 100:210-244.
255. Vogel R. Über ein tympanales Sinnesorgan, das mutmaßliche Hörorgan der Singzikaden. Zeitschrift für Anatomie und Entwicklungsgeschichte der Tiere 1923, 67:190-231.
256. Wagner W.E. Convergent song preferences between female crickets and acoustically orienting parasitoid flies. Behav. Ecol. 1995, 7:279-285.
257. Walker T.J. Phonotaxis in female Ormia ochracea (Diptera: Tachinidae), a parasitoid of field crickets. J. Insect Behav. 1993, 6:389-410.
258. Wallach H., Newman E.B., Rosenzweig M.R. The precedence effect in sound localization. Am. J. Psychol. 1949, 62:315-336.
259. Waters D.A., Jones G. The peripheral auditory characteristics of noctuid moths: responses to the search-phase echolocation calls of bats. J. Exp. Biol. 1996, 199:847-856.
260. Watson A.H.D., Hardt M. Distribution of synapses on two local auditory interneurons, ON1 and ON2 in the prothoracic ganglion of the cricket: relationships with GABA-immunoreactive neurons. Cell Tissue Res. 1996, 283:231-246.
261. Weber T., Thorson J. Phonotactic Behaviour of Walking Crickets. Cricket Behaviour and Neurobiology 1989, 310-339. Cornell University Press. F. Huber, T.E. Moore, W. Loher (Eds.).
262. Wiese K., Eilts-Grimm K. Functional Potential of Recurrent Lateral Inhibition in Cricket Audition. Acoustic and Vibrational Communication in Insects 1985, 3-40. Parey. K. Kalmring, N. Elsner (Eds.).
263. Wohlers D.W., Huber F. Intracellular recording and staining of cricket auditory interneurons (Gryllus campestris L., Gryllus bimaculatus DeGeer). J. Comp. Physiol. A 1978, 127:11-28.
264. Wohlers D.W., Huber F. Processing of sound signals by six types of neurons in the prothoracic ganglion of the cricket, Gryllus campestris L. J. Comp. Physiol. A 1982, 146:161-173.
265. Wohlers D.W., Huber F. Topographical organization of the auditory pathway within the prothoracic ganglion of the cricket Gryllus campestris L. Cell Tissue Res. 1985, 239:555-565.
266. Wohlers D.W., Williams J.L.D., Huber F., Moore T.E. Central projections of fibres in the auditory and tensor nerves of cicadas (Homoptera: Cicadidae). Cell Tissue Res. 1979, 203:35-51.
267. Wolf H., von Helversen O. "Switching off" of an auditory interneuron during stridulation in the acridid grasshopper Chorthippus biguttulus L. J. Comp. Physiol. A 1986, 158:861-871.
268. Wotzel F. Zur Kenntnis der Tympanalorgane der Hydrocores. Z wiss Zool 1933, 143:241-262.
269. Wyttenbach R.A., Hoy R.R. Demonstration of the precedence effect in an insect. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1993, 94:777-784.
270. Yack J.E., Fullard J.H. What is an insect ear?. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 1993, 86:677-682.
271. Yack J.E., Fullard J.H. Ultrasonic hearing in nocturnal butterflies. Nature 1999, 403:265-266.
272. Yack J.E., Otero L.D., Dawson J.W., Surlykke A., Fullard J.H. Sound production and hearing in the blue cracker butterfly Hamadryas feronia (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) from Venezuela. J. Exp. Biol. 2000, 203:3689-3702.
273. Yager D.D. Serially homologeous ears perform frequency range fractionation in the praying mantis, Creobroter (Mantodea, Hymenopodidae). J. Comp. Physiol. A 1996, 178:463-475.
274. Yager D.D. Structure, development, and evolution of insect auditory systems. Microsc. Res. Tech. 1999, 47:380-400.
275. Yager D.D., Hoy R.R. The cyclopean ear: a new sense for the praying mantis. Science 1986, 231:727-729.
276. Yager D.D., Hoy R.R. The midline metathoracic ear of the praying mantis, Mantis religiosa. Cell. Tissue Res. 1987, 250:531-541.
277. Yager D.D., Hoy R.R. Audition in the praying mantis, Mantis religiosa L.: identification of an interneuron mediating ultrasonic hearing. J. Comp. Physiol. A 1989, 165:471-493.
278. Yager D.D., May M.L. Ultrasound-triggered, flight-gated evasive maneuvers in the praying mantis Parasphendale agrionina. II. Tethered flight. J. Exp. Biol. 1990, 152:41-58.
279. Yager D.D., Spangler H.G. Characterization of auditory afferents in the tiger beetle, Cicindela marutha Dow. J. Comp. Physiol. A 1995, 176:587-599.
280. Yager D.D., May M.L., Fenton M.B. Ultrasound-triggered, flight-gated evasive maneuvers in the praying mantis Parasphendale agrionina. I. Free flight. J. Exp. Biol. 1990, 152:17-39.
281. Young D. Do cicadas radiate sound through their ear drums?. J. Exp. Biol. 1990, 151:41-56.
282. Young D., Hill K.G. Structure and function of the auditory system of the cicada, Cystosoma saundersii. J. Comp. Physiol. A 1977, 117:23-45.
283. Zaretsky M.D. Specificity of the calling song and short term changes in the phonotactic response by female crickets Scapsipedus marginatus (Gryllidae). J. Comp. Physiol. A 1972, 79:153-172.
284. Zimmermann U., Rheinlaender J., Robinson D. Cues for male phonotaxis in the duetting bushcricket Leptophyes punctatissima. J. Comp. Physiol. A 1989, 164:621-628.
285. Boyan G.S. Neural mechanisms of auditory information processing by identified interneurons in Orthoptera. J. Insect Physiol. 1984, 30:27-41.
286. Boyan G.S. Another look at insect audition: The tympanic receptors as an evolutionary specialization of the chordotonal system. J. Insect Physiol. 1993, 39:187-200.
287. Budelmann B.U. Hearing in Crustacea. The Evolutionary Biology of Hearing 1992, 131-139. Springer. D.B. Webster, R.R. Fay, A.N. Popper (Eds.).
288. Coro F., Perez M. Threshold and suprathreshold responses of the arctiid moth. Experientia 1993, 49:285-290.
289. Ewing A.W. The antenna of Drosophila as a "love song" receptor. Physiol. Entomol. 1978, 3:33-36.
290. Finke C. Lautäußerungen und Verhalten von Sigara striata und Callicorixa praeusta (Corixidae Leach., Hydrocorisae Latr.). J. Comp. Physiol. A 1968, 58:398-422.
291. Fullard J.H. The Sensory Coevolution of Moths and Bats. Comparative Hearing: Insects 1998, 279-327. Springer. R.R. Hoy, A.N. Popper, R.R. Fay (Eds.).
292. Gerhardt H.C., Huber F. Acoustic Communication in Insects and Anurans: Common Problems and Diverse Solutions 2002, University of Chicago Press.
293. Göpfert M.C., Wasserthal L.T. Hearing with the mouthparts: behavioural responses and the structural basisi of ultrasound perception in acherontiine hawkmoths. J. Exp. Biol. 1999, 202:909-918.
294. Göpfert M.C., Wasserthal L.T. Auditory sensory cells in hawkmoths: identification, physiology and structure. J. Exp. Biol. 1999, 202:1579-1587.
295. Hedwig B. Pulses, patterns and paths: neurobiology of acoustic behaviour in crickets. J Comp. Physiol. A 2006, 192:677-689.
296. Helversen von D. Acoustic Communication and Orientation in Grasshoppers. Orientation and Communication in Arthropods 1997, 301-341. Birkhäuser. M. Lehrer (Ed.).
297. von Helversen D., von Helversen O. Species Recognition and Acoustic Localization in Arcridid Grasshoppers: A Behavioural Approach. Neuroethology and Behavioural Physiology 1983, 95-107. Heidelberg. F. Huber, H. Markl (Eds.).
298. Hennig R.M., Franz A., Stumpner A. Processing of auditory information in insects. Microsc. Res. Tech. 2004, 63:351-374.
299. Hoy R.R., Popper A.N., Fay R.R. Springer Handbook of Auditory Research. Comparative Hearing: Insects 1988, Springer.
300. Pollack G.S. Who, what, where? Recognition and localization of acoustic signals by insects. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 2000, 10:763-767.
301. Pollack G.S., Imaizumi K. Neural analysis of sound frequency in insects. BioEssays 1999, 21:295-303.
302. Römer H., Tautz J. Invertebrate auditory receptors. Adv. Comp. Environ. Physiol. 1992, 10:185-212.
303. Robinson D.J. Acoustic communication between sexes of the bush cricket, Leptophyes punctatissima. Physiol. Entomol. 1980, 5:183-189.
304. Römer H., Tautz J. Invertebrate auditory receptors. Adv. Comp. Envir. Physiol. 1992, 10:185-212.
305. Ronacher B., Franz A., Wohlgemuth S., Hennig R.M. Variability of spike trains and the processing of temporal patterns of acoustic signals-problems, constraints, and solutions. J. Comp. Physiol. A 2004, 190:257-277.
306. Stumpner A., Helversen von D. Evolution and function of auditory systems in insects. Naturwissenschaften 2001, 88:159-170.
307. Surlykke A. Hearing in notodontid moths: a tympanic organ with a single auditory neurone. J. Exp. Biol. 1984, 113:323-335.
308. Tautz J. Reception of particle oscillation in a medium - an unorthodox sensory capacity. Naturwissenschaften 1979, 66:452-461.
309. Yack J.E. The structure and function of auditory chordotonal organs in insects. Microsc. Res. Tech. 2004, 63:315-337.
310. Yager D.D. Structure, development, and evolution of insect auditory systems. Microsc. Res. Tech. 1999, 47:380-400.