Inherited Social Difference at the Edges of Flakes

Cambridge Archaeological Journal

Volumn 20, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 291-322

  Close, Angela E ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 79952892096     PISSN: 09597743     EISSN: 14740540     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0959774310000430     Document Type: Article

References (151)

1. Agamben, G., 2004. The Open. Man and Animal. Stanford (CA): Stanford University Press.
2. Alexeeva, T.I., 2000. Conclusions, in Homo sungirensis. Upper Palaeolithic Man: Ecological and Evolutionary Aspects of the Investigation, eds. T.I. Alexeeva & N.O. Bader. Moscow: Scientific World, 449-57.
3. Athan, M.S., 1999. Guide to a Well-Behaved Parrot. Hauppage (NY): Barron's.
4. Audouze, F., 1987. The Paris Basin in Magdalenian times, in The Pleistocene Old World: Regional Perspectives, ed. O. Soffer. New York (NY): Plenum Press, 183-200.
5. Babie, S., 2005. Status identity and archaeology, in The Archaeology of Identity, eds. M. Díaz-Andreu, S. Lucy, S. Babie & D.N. Edwards. London: Routledge, 67-85.
6. Baxter, J.E., 2005. The Archaeology of Childhood: Children, Gender and Material Culture. Walnut Creek (CA): Altamira Press.
7. Binford, L.R., 1979. Organization and formation processes: looking at curated technologies. Journal of Anthropological Research 35, 255-73.
8. Bleed, P., 2002. Cheap, regular, and reliable: implications of design variation in late Pleistocene Japanese microblade technology, in Thinking Small: Global Perspectives on Microlithization, eds. R.G. Elston & S. Kuhn. Washington (DC): Archaeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association, 95-102.
9. Bodu, P., 1996. Magdalenian hunters of Pincevent. Lithic Technology 21, 66-70.
10. Bodu, P., C. Karlin & S. Ploux, 1990. Who's who? The Magdalenian flintknappers of Pincevent (France), in The Big Puzzle: International Symposium on Refitting Stone Artefacts, eds. E. Cziesla, S. Eickhoff, N. Arts & D. Winter. Bonn: Holos, 143-63.
11. Boehm, C., 1991. Egalitarian behavior and reverse dominance hierarchy. Current Anthropology 34, 227-54.
12. Boehm, C., 1994. Reply (to Erdal and Whiten, 1994). Current Anthropology 35, 178-80.
13. Boesch, C., C. Bole, N. Eckhardt & H. Boesch, 2010. Altruism in forest chimpanzees: the case of adoption. PLoS ONE 5(1), e8901.
14. Borgerhoff Mulder, M., I. Fazzio, W. Irons et al., 2010. Pastoralism and wealth inequality. Current Anthropology 51, 35-48.
15. Bowles, S., E.A. Smith & M. Borgerhoff Mulder, 2010. The emergence and persistence of inequality in predmodern societies. Current Anthropology 51, 7-17.
16. Brinker, B., 2005. For the Love of Greys: the Complete Guide to a Healthy and Happy African Grey. Lancaster (OH): Lucky Press.
17. Chapman, R., 2003. Archaeologies of Complexity. London: Routledge.
18. Chilton, E.S., 1999. One size fits all: typology and alternatives for ceramic research, in Material Meanings: Critical Approaches to the Interpretation of Material Culture, ed. E.S. Chilton. Salt Lake City (UT): University of Utah Press, 44-60.
19. Close, A.E., 1975. The Identification of Stylistic Variability in Some Late and Epi-Palaeolithic Industries of North Africa. Unpublished PhD, Cambridge University.
20. Close, A.E., 1978. The identification of style in lithic artefacts. World Archaeology 10, 223-37.
21. Close, A.E., 1989. Identifying style in stone artefacts: a case study from the Nile Valley, in Alternative Approaches to Lithic Analysis, eds. G. Odell & D.O. Henry. Washington (DC): American Anthropological Association, 3-26.
22. Close, A.E., 1992. Holocene occupation of the eastern Sahara, in New Light on the Northeast African Past: Current Prehistoric Research, eds. F. Klees & R. Kuper. Cologne: Heinrich-Barth-Institut, 155-83.
23. Close, A.E., 1996. Carry that weight: the use and transportation of stone tools. Current Anthropology 37, 545-53.
24. Close, A.E., 1997. Lithic economy in the absence of stone. Journal of Middle Atlantic Archaeology 13, 27-57.
25. Close, A.E., 2000. Reconstructing movement in prehistory. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 7, 49-77.
26. Close, A.E., 2001. Site E-75-8: additional excavation of the seventh millennium site at Nabta Playa, in Holocene Settlement of the Egyptian Sahara, vol. 1: The Archaeology of Nabta Playa, eds. F. Wendorf, R. Schild & Associates. New York (NY): Kluwer Academic/Plenum, 352-85.
27. Close, A.E., 2002. Sinai, Sahara, Sahel: the introduction of domestic caprines to Africa, in Tides of the Desert-Gezeiten der Wüste: Contributions to the Archaeology and Environmental History of Africa in Honour of Rudolph Kuper, eds. Jennerstrasse 8. Cologne: Heinrich-Barth-Institut, 459-70.
28. Conkey, M. & S. Williams, 1991. Original narratives: the political economy of gender in archaeology, in Gender at the Crossroads of Knowledge, ed. M. Di Leonardo. Berkeley (CA): University of California Press, 102-39.
29. Costin, C.L., 1999. Formal and technological variability and the social relations of production: crisoles from San José de Moro, Peru, in Material Meanings: Critical Approaches to the Interpretation of Material Culture, ed. E.S. Chilton. Salt Lake City (UT): University of Utah Press, 85-102.
30. Cowgill, G.L., 2004. Thoughts about rethinking materiality, in Rethinking Materiality: the Engagement of Mind with the Material World, eds. E. DeMarrais, C. Gosden & C. Renfrew. (McDonald Institute Monographs.) Cambridge: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, 273-80.
31. Délagnes, A. & H. Roche, 2005. Late Pliocene hominid knapping skills: the case of Lokalalei 2C, West Turkana, Kenya. Journal of Human Evolution 48, 435-72.
32. Dobres, M.-A., 2000. Technology and Social Agency. Oxford: Blackwell.
33. Dobres, M.-A., 2009. Archaeologies of technology. Cambridge Journal of Economics doi:10.1093/cje/bep014
34. Dobres, M.-A. & J.E. Robb, 2000. Agency in archaeology: paradigm or platitude?, in Agency in Archaeology, eds. M.-A. Dobres & J.E. Robb. London: Routledge, 3-17.
35. Dunnell, R.C., 1978. Style and function: a fundamental dichotomy. American Antiquity 43, 192-202.
36. Dunnell, R.C., 1989. Aspects of the application of evolution ary theory in archaeology, in Archaeological Thought in America, ed. C.C. Lamberg-Karlovsky. New York (NY): Cambridge University Press, 35-49.
37. Dylan, B., 1965. Ballad of a thin man, in Highway 61 Revisited, by B. Dylan. New York (NY): Columbia Records, Track 5.
38. Edmonds, M., 1990. Description, understanding and the châine opératoire. Archaeological Review from Cambridge 9, 55-70.
39. Ehrenreich, R.M., C.L. Crumley & J.E. Levy (eds.), 1995. Heterarchy and the Analysis of Complex Societies. (Archeological Papers 6.)Arlington (VA): American Anthropological Association.
40. Erdal, D. & A. Whiten, 1994. On human egalitarianism: an evolutionary product of Machiavellian status escalation? Current Anthropology 35, 175-8.
41. Erdal, D. & A. Whiten, 1996. Egalitarianism and Machiavellian intelligence in human evolution, in Modelling the Early Human Mind, eds. P. Mellars & K. Gibson. (McDonald Institute Monographs.) Cambridge: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, 139-50.
42. Feinman, G.M., 2000. Corporate/network: new perspectives on models of political action and the Puebloan Southwest, in Social Theory in Archaeology, ed. M.B. Schiffer. Salt Lake City (UT): University of Utah Press, 31-51.
43. Ferguson, J.R., 2008. The when, where, and how of novices in craft production. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 15, 51-67.
44. Flanagan, J.G., 1988. The cultural construction of equality on the New Guinea Highlands’ fringe, in Rules, Decisions and Inequality in Egalitarian Societies, eds. J.G. Flanagan & S. Rayner. Aldershot: Avebury, 164-80.
45. Flanagan, J.G. & S. Rayner, 1988. Introduction, in Rules, Decisions and Inequality in Egalitarian Societies, eds. J.G. Flanagan & S. Rayner. Aldershot: Avebury, 1-19.
46. Foley, R., 1995. Humans Before Humanity: an Evolutionary Perspective. Oxford: Blackwell.
47. Gabriel, B., 1977. Zum ökologischen Wandel im Neolithikum der östlichen Zentralsahara. Berliner Geographische Abhandlungen 27, 1-111.
48. Gabriel, B., 1986. Die östliche Libysche Wüste im Jungquartär. Berliner Geographische Studien 19, 1-219.
49. Gabriel, B., 1987. Palaeological evidence from Neolithic fireplaces in the Sahara. The African Archaeological Review 5, 93-103.
50. Gabriel, B., 2002. Neolithic camp sites in the Sahara-anticipation of future research, in Tides of the Desert-Gezeiten der Wüste: Contributions to the Archaeology and Environmental History of Africa in Honour of Rudolph Kuper, eds. Jennerstrasse 8. Cologne: Heinrich-Barth-Institut, 51-66.
51. Gamble, C., 2004. Social archaeology and the unfinished business of the Palaeolithic, in Explaining Social Change: Studies in Honour of Colin Renfrew, eds. J. Cherry, C. Scarre & S. Shennan. (McDonald Institute Monographs.) Cambridge: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, 17-26.
52. Gamble, C., 2007. Origins and Revolutions: Human Identity in Earliest Prehistory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
53. Gamble, C. & E. Gittins, 2004. Social archaeology and origins research: a Paleolithic perspective, in A Companion to Social Archaeology, eds. L. Meskell & R.W. Preucel. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 96-118.
54. Gautier, A., 2001. The Early to Late Neolithic archeofaunas from Nabta and Bir Kiseiba, in Holocene Settlement of the Egyptian Sahara, vol. 1: The Archaeology of Nabta Playa, eds. F. Wendorf, R. Schild & Associates. New York (NY): Kluwer Academic/Plenum, 609-35.
55. Gehlen, B., K. Kindermann, J. Linstädter & H. Riemer, 2002. The Holocene occupation of the Eastern Sahara: regional chronologies and supra-regional developments in four areas in the absolute desert, in Tides of the Desert-Gezeiten der Wüste: Contributions to the Archaeology and Environmental History of Africa in Honour of Rudolph Kuper, eds. Jennerstrasse 8. Cologne: Heinrich-Barth-Institut, 85-116.
56. Geneste, J.-M., 1985. Analyse lithique d'industries Moustériennes du Périgord: une approche technologique du comportement des groupes humains au Paléolithique moyen. Unpublished PhD thesis, Université de Bordeaux I.
57. Gerlach, L.P. & U.M. Gerlach, 1988. Egalitarianism, collectivism and individualism: the Digo of Kenya, in Rules, Decisions and Inequality in Egalitarian Societies, eds. J.G. Flanagan & S. Rayner. Aldershot: Avebury, 113-44.
58. Gero, J., 1991. Genderlithics: women's roles on stone tool production, in Engendering Archaeology: Women and Prehistory, eds. J. Gero & M. Conkey. London: Blackwell, 163-93.
59. Gibson, J.J., 1950. The Perception of the Visual World. Boston (MA): Houghton Mifflin.
60. Gosden, C., 2004. Aesthetics, intelligence and emotions: implications for archaeology, in Rethinking Materiality: the Engagement of Mind with the Material World, eds. E. DeMarrais, C. Gosden & C. Renfrew. (McDonald Institute Monographs). Cambridge: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, 33-40.
61. Gosden, C., 2005. What do objects want? Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 12, 193-211.
62. Gould, R., 1968. Living archaeology: the Ngatatjara of western Australia. Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 24, 101-22.
63. Gould, R., D. Koster & A. Sontz, 1971. The lithic assemblage of the Western Desert Aborigines of Australia. American Antiquity, 36, 149-69.
64. Gowlett, J.A.G., 2010. The longest transition or multiple revolutions? Curves and steps in the record of human origins, in A Sourcebook of Paleolithic Transitions: Methods, Theories and Interpretations, eds. M. Camps & P. Chauhan. New York (NY): Springer, 65-78.
65. Graves-Brown, P.M., 1995. Beyond stone-age economics: a strategy for a contextual lithic analysis, in Lithics in Context: Suggestions for the Future Direction of Lithic Studies, ed. A.J. Schofield. (Lithics Studies Society Occassional Papers 5.) Oxford: Oxbow, 9-18.
66. Harlan, J.R., 1989. Wild-grass seed harvesting in the Sahara and Sub-Sahara of Africa, in Foraging and Farming: the Evolution of Plant Exploitation, eds. D.R. Harris & G.C. Hillman. London; Unwin Hyman, 79-98.
67. Haslam, M., 2006. An archaeology of the Instant? Action and narrative in microscopic archaeological residue analyses. Journal of Social Archaeology 6(3), 402-24.
68. Hassan, F.A., 1988. The Predynastic of Egypt. Journal of World Prehistory 2, 135-85.
69. Helms, M.W., 1998. Access to Origins. Austin (TX): University of Texas Press.
70. Hodder, I., 2000. Agency and individuals in long-term processes, in Agency in Archaeology, eds. M.-A. Dobres & J.E. Robb. London: Routledge, 21-33.
71. Hodder, I. & C. Cessford, 2004. Daily practice and social memory at Çatalhöyük. American Antiquity 69, 17-40.
72. Hofer, H. & M.L. East, 2003. Behavioral processes and costs of co-existence in female spotted hyenas: a life-history perspective. Evolutionary Ecology 17, 315-31.
73. Högberg, A., 2008. Playing with flint: tracing a child's imitation of adult work in a lithic assemblage. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 15, 112-31.
74. Ingold, T., 1993. Epilogue: technology, language, intelligence, in Tools, Language and Cognition in Human Evolution, eds. K. Gibson & T. Ingold. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 449-72.
75. Ingold, T., 1999. On the social relations of the huntergatherer band, in The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Hunters and Gatherers, eds. R. Lee & R. Daly. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 399-410.
76. Isaac, G.L.L., 1984. The archaeology of human origins: studies of the Lower Pleistocene in East Africa 1971-1981, in Advances in World Archaeology, vol. 3, eds. F. Wendorf & A.E. Close. Orlando (FL): Academic Press, 1-87.
77. Johnson, G.A., 1982. Organizational structure and scalar stress, in Theory and Explanation in Archaeology, eds. C. Renfrew, M. Rowlands & B. Segraves. London: Academic Press, 389-421.
78. Julien, M., C. Karlin & B. Valentin, 1992. Déchets de silex, déchets de pierres chauffées de l'intéret des remontages á Pincevent (France), in Piecing Together the Past: Applications of Refitting Studies in Archaeology, eds. J.L. Hofman & J.G. Enloe. Oxford: Tempus Reparatum, 287-95.
79. Kamp, K.A., 2001. Where have all the children gone?: the archaeology of childhood. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 8, 1-34.
80. Karlin, C. & M. Julien, 1994. Prehistoric technology: a cognitive science?, in The Ancient Mind: Elements of Cognitive Archaeology, eds. C. Renfrew & E.B.W. Zubrow. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 152-64.
81. Kay, M., 1977. Wear analysis and unifacial scraping tool morphology: implications for studying individual use, in The Individual in Prehistory: Studies of Variability in Style in Prehistoric Technologies, eds. J. Hill & J. Gunn. New York (NY): Academic Press, 231-45.
82. Kelly, R.L., 2010. A good start. Current Anthropology 51, 109-10.
83. Klein, R.G., 1995. Anatomy, behavior and modern human origins. Journal of World Prehistory 9, 167-98.
84. Klein, R., 2008. Out of Africa and the evolution of human behavior. Evolutionary Anthropology 7, 267-81.
85. Knauft, B., 1991. Violence and sociality in human evolution. Current Anthropology 32, 391-428.
86. Knauft, B., 1994. Reply (to Erdal & Whiten, 1994). Current Anthropology 35, 181-3.
87. Kröpelin, S., 1989. Untersuchungen zum Sedimentationsmilieu von Playas im Gilf Kebir, in Forschungen zur Umweltgeschichte der östsahara, ed. R. Kuper. Köln: Heinrich-Barth-Institut, 183-305.
88. Lee, R.B., 1968. What hunters do for a living, or, how to make out on scarce resources, in Man the Hunter, eds. R.B. Lee & I. DeVore. Chicago (IL): Aldine, 30-48.
89. Lee, R.B. & I. DeVore (eds.), 1968. Man the Hunter. Chicago (IL): Aldine.
90. Lee, R.B. & I. DeVore (eds.), 1976. Kalahari Hunter-Gatherers: Studies of the !Kung San and Their Neighbors. Cambridge (MA): Harvard University Press.
91. Leroi-Gourhan, A., 1993. Gesture and Speech. Cambridge (MA): MIT Press. [Translation of 1964, Le Geste et la Parole.]
92. Lillehammer, G., 1989. A child is born: the child's world in an archaeological perspective. Norwegian Archaeological Review 22(2), 89-105.
93. Marean, C.W., 2007. Heading North: an Africanist perspective on the replacement of Neanderthals by modern humans, in Rethinking the Human Revolution: New Behavioural and Biological Perspectives on the Origin and Dispersal of Modern Humans, eds. P. Mellars, K. Boyle, O. Bar-Yosef & C. Stringer. (McDonald Institute Monographs.) Cambridge: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, 367-79.
94. Marshall, L., 1960. !Kung Bushman bands. Africa 30, 325-55. Marshall, L., 1976. Sharing, talking, and giving: relief of social tensions among the !Kung, in Kalahari Hunter-Gatherers: Studies of the !Kung San and Their Neighbors, eds. R.B. Lee & I. DeVore. Cambridge (MA): Harvard University Press, 349-71.
95. Matthews, S., 2005. The materiality of gesture: intimacy, emotion and technique in the archaeological study of bodily communication. Semioticon: the Open Semiotics Resource Centre. Available at: http://www.semioticon. com/virtuals/archaeology/materiality.pdf
96. McBrearty, S. & A.S. Brooks, 2000. The revolution that wasn't: a new interpretation of the origin of modern human behavior. Journal of Human Evolution 39, 453-563.
97. McDougall, I., F.H. Brown & J.G. Fleagle, 2005. Stratigraphic placement and age of modern humans from Kibish, Ethiopia. Nature 433, 733-6.
98. McGrew, W.C., 2004. The Cultured Chimpanzee: Reflections on Cultural Primatology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
99. McGuire, R.H., 2008. Archaeology as Political Action. Los Angeles (CA): University of California Press.
100. McGuire, R.H. & D.J. Saitta, 1996. Although they have petty captains they obey them badly: the dialectics of Prehispanic Western Pueblo Social rganization. American Antiquity 61, 197-213.
101. McPherron, S.P., Z. Alemseged, C.W. Marean et al., 2010. Evidence for stone-tool-assisted consumption of animal tissues before 3.39 million years ago at Dikika, Ethiopia. Nature 466, 857-60.
102. Mellars, P., 1996. The Neanderthal Legacy: an Archaeological Perspective from Western Europe. Princeton (NJ): Princeton University Press.
103. Merleau-Ponty, M., 1974. Phenomenology, Language and Sociology: Selected Essays. London: Heineman.
104. Moore, J. & E. Scott (eds.), 1997. Invisible People and Processes. Writing Gender and Childhood into European Archaeology. London: Leicester University Press.
105. Nelson, M.C., 1991. The study of technological organization, in Archaeological Method and Theory, vol. 3, ed. M.B. Schiffer. Tucson (AZ): University of Arizona Press, 57-100.
106. Neumann, K.,1989. Vegetationsgechichte der östsahara im Holozän Holzkohlen aus prähistorischen Fundstellen, in Forschungen zur Umweltgeschichte der östsahara, ed. R. Kuper. Köln: Heinrich-Barth-Institut, 13-181.
107. Olausson, D.J., 2008. Does practice make perfect? Craft expertise as a factor in aggrandizer strategies. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 15, 28-50.
108. Owen, L., 2000. Lithic functional analysis as a means of studying gender and material culture in prehistory, in Gender and Material Culture in Archaeological Perspective, eds. M. Donald & L. Hurcombe. London: Macmillan Press, 185-205.
109. Park, R.W., 1998. Size counts: the miniature archaeology of childhood in Inuit societies. Antiquity 72, 269-82.
110. Pelegrin, J., 1990. Prehistoric lithic technology; some aspects of research. Archaeological Review from Cambridge 9(1), 116-25.
111. Ploux, S., 1989. Approche archéologique de la variabilité des comportements techniques individuels. Les tailleurs de l'unité 27-M 89 de Pincevent. Unpublished PhD Thesis, University de Paris X-Nanterre.
112. Ploux, S., 1991. Technologie, technicité, techniciens: méthodes de détermination d'auteurs et comportement technique individuel, in 25 ans d'études technologiques en préhistoire, Bilan et perspectives, XIe Rencontres Internationales d'Archéologie et d'Histoire d'Antibes. Juan-les-Pins, 201-14.
113. Poltoraus, A.B., E.E. Kulikov & I.A. Lebedeva, 2000. The molecular analysis of DNA from the remains of three individuals from the Sunghir site, in Homo sungirensis. Upper Palaeolithic Man: Ecological and Evolutionary Aspects of the Investigation, eds. T.I. Alexeeva & N.O. Bader. Moscow: Scientific World, 351-8.
114. Prentiss, W.C. & I. Kuijt, 2004. Introduction: the archaeology of the Plateau region of northwestern North America-approaches to the evolution of complex huntergatherers, in Complex Hunter-Gatherers: Evolution and Organization of Prehistoric Communities on the Plateau of Northwestern North America, eds. W.C. Prentiss & I. Kuijt. Salt Lake City UT): University of Utah Press, vii-xvii.
115. Richter, T., 2007. A comparative use-wear analysis of late Epipalaeolithic (Natufian) chipped stone artefacts from the southern Levant. Levant 39, 97-122.
116. Roche, H., 2005. From simple flaking to shaping: stoneknapping evolution among early hominins, in Stone Knapping: the Necessary Conditions for a Uniquely Hominin Behaviour, eds. V. Roux & B. Bril. (McDonald Institute Monographs.) Cambridge: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, 35-48.
117. Roche, H., A. Délanges, J.-P. Brugal et al., 1999. Early hominid stone tool production and technical skill 2.34 Myr ago in West Turkana, Kenya. Nature 399, 57-60.
118. Roux, V. & B. Bril, 2005. General introduction: a dynamic systems framework for studying a uniquely hominin innovation, in Stone Knapping: the Necessary Conditions for a Uniquely Hominin Behaviour, eds. V. Roux & B. Bril. (McDonald Institute Monographs.) Cambridge: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, 1-18.
119. Sackett, J.R., 1973. Style, function and artifact variability in Palaeolithic assemblages, in The Explanation of Culture Change, ed. C. Renfrew. London: Duckworth, 316-25.
120. Sackett, J.R., 1990. Style and ethnicity in archaeology: the case for isochrestism, in The Uses of Style in Archaeology, eds. M.W. Conkey & C.A. Hastorf. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 32-43.
121. Sahlins, M., 1996. The sadness of sweetness: the Native anthropology of Western cosmology. Current Anthropology 37, 395-428.
122. Schild, R. & F. Wendorf, 2001. Combined Prehistoric Expedition radiocarbon dates associated with Neolithic occupations in the southern Western Desert of Egypt, in Holocene Settlement of the Egyptian Sahara, vol. 1: The Archaeology of Nabta Playa, eds. F. Wendorf, R. Schild & Associates. New York (NY): Kluwer Academic/ Plenum, 51-56.
123. Schrire, C. (ed.), 1984. Past and Present in Hunter-Gatherer Studies. New York (NY): Academic Press. Semaw, S., M.J. Rogers, J. Quade et al., 2003. 2.6-millionyear-old stone tools and associated bones from OGS-6 and OGS-7, Gona, Afar, Ethiopa. Journal of Human Evolution 45, 169-77.
124. Service, E.R., 1962. Primitive Social Organization: an Evolutionary Perspective. New York (NY): Random House.
125. Shennan, S., 1996. Social inequality and the transmission of cultural traditions in forager societies, in The Archaeology of Human Ancestry: Power, Sex and Tradition, eds. J. Steele & S. Shennan. London: Routledge, 365-79.
126. Silliman, S.W., 2009. Change and continuity, practice and memory: Native American persistence in colonial New England. American Antiquity 74, 211-30.
127. Sinclair, A., 2000. Constellations of knowledge: human agency and material affordance in lithic technology, in Agency in Archaeology, eds. M.-A. Dobres & J.E. Robb. London: Routledge, 196-212.
128. Smith, E.A., K. Hill, F.W. Marlowe et al., 2010a. Wealth transmission and inequality among hunter-gatherers. Current Anthropology 51, 19-34.
129. Smith, E.A., M. Borgerhoff Mulder, S. Bowles, M. Gurven, T. Hertz & M.K. Shenk, 2010b. Production systems, inheritance, and inequality in premodern societies. Current Anthropology 51, 85-94.
130. Sofaer Derevenski, J. (ed.), 2000. Children and Material Culture. London: Routledge.
131. Soffer, O., 2004. Recovering perishable technologies through use-wear on tools: preliminary evidence for Upper Paleolithic weaving and net making. Current Anthropology, 45, 407-13.
132. Speth, J.D., 1990. Seasonality, resource stress, and food sharing in so-called ‘Egalitarian’ foraging societies. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 9, 148-88.
133. Stark, M.T., 1999. Social dimensions of technical choice in Kalinga ceramic traditions, in Material Meanings: Critical Approaches to the Interpretation of Material Culture, ed. E.S. Chilton. Salt Lake City (UT): University of Utah Press, 24-43.
134. Sulerzhitski, L.D., P. Pettitt & N.O. Bader, 2000. Radiocarbon dates of the remains from the settlement Sunghir, in Homo sungirensis. Upper Palaeolithic Man: Ecological and Evolutionary Aspects of the Investigation, eds. T.I. Alexeeva & N.O. Bader. Moscow: Scientific World, 30-34.
135. Taçon, P., 1991. The power of stone: symbolic aspects of stone tool use and tool development in western Arnhem Land, Australia. Antiquity 65(247), 192-207.
136. Thomas, J., 2000. Reconfiguring the social, reconfiguring the material, in Social Theory in Archaeology, ed. M.B. Schiffer. Salt Lake City (UT): University of Utah Press, 143-55.
137. Tooby, J. & L. Cosmides, 1992. Psychological foundations of culture, in The Adapted Mind, eds. L. Barkow, L. Cosmides & J. Tooby. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 19-136.
138. Torrence, R. (ed.), 1989. Time, Energy, and Stone Tools. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
139. Turnbull, C.M., 1961. The Forest People: a Study of the Pygmies of the Congo. New York (NY): Simon & Schuster.
140. Valentin, B., 2008. Productions lithiques magdaléniennes et aziliennes dans le Bassin parisien: disparition d'une économie programmée. The Arkeotek Journal 2(3), 1-54.
141. Viveiros de Castro, E., 2004. Exchanging perspectives: the transformation of objects into subjects in Amerindian ontologies. Common Knowledge 10, 463-84.
142. de Waal, F., 2001. The Ape and the Sushi Master: Cultural Reflections of a Primatologist. New York (NY): Basic Books.
143. Wasylikowa, K., H.N. Barakat, L. Boulos et al., 2001. Site E-75-6: vegetation and subsistence of the Early Neolithic at Nabta Playa, Egypt, reconstructed from charred plant remains, in Holocene Settlement of the Egyptian Sahara, vol. 1: The Archaeology of Nabta Playa, eds. F. Wendorf, R. Schild & Associates. New York (NY): Kluwer Academic/Plenum, 544-91.
144. Wendorf, F. & R. Schild, 1984. Conclusions, in Cattle-keepers of the Eastern Sahara: the Neolithic of Bir Kiseiba, eds. F. Wendorf, R. Schild & A.E. Close. Dallas (TX): Southern Methodist University Press, 404-28.
145. Wendorf, F., R. Schild & Associates, 2001. Holocene Settlement of the Egyptian Sahara, vol. 1: The Archaeology of Nabta Playa. New York (NY): Kluwer Academic/Plenum.
146. Wesp, R., P. Cichello, E.B. Gracia & K. Davis, 2004. Observing and engaging in purposeful actions with objects influences estimates of their size. Perception & Psychophysics 66, 1261-7.
147. Wiessner, P., 1983. Style and social information in Kalahari San projectile points. American Antiquity 48, 253-76. Wobst, H.M., 1999. Style in archaeology or archaeologists in style, in Material Meanings: Critical Approaches to the Interpretation of Material Culture, ed. E.S. Chilton. Salt Lake City (UT): University of Utah Press, 118-32.
148. Wobst, H.M., 2000. Agency in (spite of) material culture, in Agency in Archaeology, eds. M.-A. Dobres & J.E. Robb. London: Routledge, 40-50.
149. Woodburn, J.C., 1964. The Social Organisation of the Hadza of North Tanganyika. Unpublished PhD thesis, Cambridge University.
150. Woodburn, J.C., 1988. African hunter-gatherer social organization: is it best understood as a product of encapsulation?, in Hunters and Gatherers: History, Evolution and Social Change, eds. T. Ingold, D. Riches & J.C. Woodburn. Oxford: Berg, 31-64.
151. Zeder, M.A. & B.D. Smith, 2009. A conversation on agricultural origins: talking past each other in a crowded room. Current Anthropology 50, 681-91.