Respectful cameras: Detecting visual markers in real-time to address privacy concerns

Protecting Privacy in Video Surveillance

Volumn , Issue , 2009, Pages 65-89

  Schiff, Jeremy ^a   Meingast, Marci ^a   Mulligan, Deirdre K ^a   Sastry, Shankar ^a   Goldberg, Ken ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 79952858532     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-84882-301-3_5     Document Type: Chapter

References (57)

1. TRUST: Team for research in ubiquitous secure technology. URL http://www.truststc.org
2. Unblinking: New perspectives on visual privacy in the 21st century. URL http://www.law. berkeley.edu/institutes/bclt/events/unblinking/unblink.html
3. Amine, A., Ghouzali, S., Rziza, M.: Face detection in still color images using skin color information. In: Proceedings of International Symposium on Communications, Control, and Signal Processing (ISCCSP) (2006)
4. Anderson, M.: Picture this: Aldermen caught on camera. Chicago Sun-Times (2006)
5. Arulampalam, S., Maskell, S., Gordon, N., Clapp, T.: A tutorial on particle filters for on-line non-linear/non-Gaussian Bayesian tracking. IEEE Transactions of Signal Processing 50(2), 174-188 (2002)
6. Avidan, S.: Spatialboost: Adding spatial reasoning to AdaBoost. In: Proceedings of European Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 386-396 (2006)
7. Bahlmann, C., Zhu, Y., Ramesh, V., Pellkofer, M., Koehler, T.: A system for traffic sign detection, tracking, and recognition using color, shape, and motion information. In: IEEE Proceedings of Intelligent Vehicles Symposium, pp. 255-260 (2005)
8. Bourdev, L., Brandt, J.: Robust object detection via soft cascade. Proceedings of IEEE Conference Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) 2, 236-243 (2005)
9. Bradski, G., Kaehler, A.: Learning OpenCV: Computer Vision with the OpenCV Library, 1st edn. O'Reilly (2008)
10. Brassil, J.: Using mobile communications to assert privacy from video surveillance. Proceedings of the IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium, p. 8 (2005)
11. Chen, D., Bharusha, A., Wactlar, H.: People identification across ambient camera networks. In: International Conference on Multimedia Ambient Intelligence, Media and Sensing (AIMS) (2007)
12. Chen, D., Yang, J., Yan, R., Chang, Y., Tools for Protecting the Privacy of Specific Individuals in Video, EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing, (2007)
13. Chinomi, K., Nitta, N., Ito, Y., Babaguchi, N.: PriSurv: Privacy protected video surveillance system using adaptive visual abstraction. In: S. Satoh, F. Nack, M. Etoh (eds.) MMM, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 4903, pp. 144-154. Springer (2008)
14. Dice, L. R.: Measures of the amount of ecologic association between species. Ecology 26(3), 297-302 (1945)
15. Dornaika, F., Ahlberg, J.: Fast and reliable active appearance model search for 3-D face tracking. IEEE Transactions of Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Part B 34(4), 1838-1853 (2004)
16. Fang, J., Qiu, G.: A colour histogram based approach to human face detection. International Conference on Visual Information Engineering (VIE), pp. 133-136 (2003)
17. Feraud, R., Bernier, O. J., Viallet, J. E., Collobert, M.: A fast and accurate face detector based on neural networks. IEEE Transactions of Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence (PAMI) 23(1), 42-53 (2001)
18. Fidaleo, D. A., Nguyen, H. A., Trivedi, M.: The networked sensor tapestry (NeST): A privacy enhanced software architecture for interactive analysis of data in video-sensor networks. In: Proceedings of ACM Workshop on Video Surveillance & Sensor Networks (VSSN), pp. 46-53. ACM Press, New York, USA (2004)
19. Foley, J. D., Van Dam, A., Feiner, S. K., Hughes, J. F.: Computer Graphics Principles and Practice. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley, New York (1990)
20. Freund, Y., Schapire, R. E.: A decision-theoretic generalization of on-line learning and an application to boosting. Computer and System Sciences 55(1), 119-139 (1997)
21. Friedman, J., Hastie, T., Tibshirani, R.: Additive logistic regression: A statistical view of boosting. Annals of Statistics 28(2), 337-407 (2000)
22. Gavison, R.: Privacy and the limits of the law. 89 Yale L. J., pp. 421-471 (1980)
23. Google Inc.: Privacy FAQ. URL http://www.google.com/privacy faq.html oc-street-viewimages
24. Greenspan, H., Goldberger, J., Eshet, I.: Mixture model for face-color modeling and segmentation. Pattern Recognition Letters 22(14), 1525-1536 (2001)
25. Hampapur, A., Borger, S., Brown, L., Carlson, C., Connell, J., Lu, M., Senior, A., Reddy, V., Shu, C., Tian, Y.: S3: The IBM smart surveillance system: From transactional systems to observational systems. Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, 2007. ICASSP 2007. IEEE International Conference on 4, IV-1385-IV-1388 (2007)
26. Jain, A. K.: Fundamentals of digital image processing. Prentice Hall International (1989)
27. Kalman, R.: A new approach to linear filtering and prediction problems. Transactions of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Journal of Basic Engineering, pp. 35-46 (1960)
28. Kohavi, R., John, G. H.: Wrappers for feature subset selection. Artificial Intelligence 97(1-2), 273-324 (1997)
29. Kohtake, N., Rekimoto, J., Anzai, Y.: InfoStick: An interaction device for inter-appliance computing. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 1707, 246-258 (1999)
30. Kong, S. G., Heo, J., Abidi, B. R., Paik, J., Abidi, M. A.: Recent advances in visual and infrared face recognition: A review. Transactions of Computer Vision and Image Understanding (CVIU) 97(1), 103-135 (2005)
31. Lee, D. S.: Effective gaussian mixture learning for video background subtraction. IEEE Transactions of Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 27, 827-832 (2005)
32. Lei, Y., Ding, X., Wang, S.: AdaBoost tracker embedded in adaptive Particle Filtering. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR), vol. 4, pp. 939-943 (2006)
33. Lin, H. J., Yen, S. H., Yeh, J. P., Lin, M. J.: Face detection based on skin color segmentation and SVM classification. Secure System Integration and Reliability Improvement (SSIRI), pp. 230-231 (2008)
34. Lowe, D. G.: Distinctive image features from scale-invariant keypoints. In: International Journal of Computer Vision, vol. 20, pp. 91-110 (2003)
35. McCahill, M., Norris, C.: From cameras to control rooms: The mediation of the image by CCTV operatives. CCTV and Social Control: The Politics and Practice of Video Surviellance-European and Global Perspectives (2004)
36. Moore, M. T.: Cities opening more video surveillance eyes. USA Today (2005)
37. New York Civil Liberties Union (NYCLU): Report documents rapid proliferation of video surveillance cameras, calls for public oversight to prevent abuses (2006). URL http://www.nyclu.org/whoswatching pr 121306.html
38. Nissenbaum, H. F.: Privacy as contextual integrity. Washington Law Review 79 (1) (2004)
39. Okuna, K., Taleghani, A., De Freitas, N., Little, J., Lowe, D.: A boosted Particle Filter: Multitarget detection and tracking. In: Proceedings of Conference European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV) (2004)
40. Opelt, A., Fussenegger, M., Pinz, A., Auer, P.: Weak hypotheses and boosting for generic object detection and recognition. In: Proceedings of Conference European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), pp. 71-84 (2004)
41. Osuna, E., Freund, R., Girosi, F.: Training support vector machines: An application to face detection. Proceedings of IEEE Conference Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), pp. 130-136 (1997)
42. Perez, P., Hue, C., Vermaak, J., Gangnet, M.: Color-based probabilistic tracking. In: Proceedings of European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), pp. 661-675 (2002)
43. Rosenfeld, A.: Connectivity in digital pictures. Journal of the ACM (JACM) 17(1), 146-160 (1970)
44. Russell, S., Norvig, P.: Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach, 2nd edn. Pearson Education (1995)
45. Schapire, R. E., Singer, Y.: Improved boosting algorithms using confidence-rated predictions. Computational Learing Theory, pp. 80-91 (1998)
46. Schiff, J., Meingast, M., Mulligan, D. K., Sastry, S., Goldberg, K.: Respectful cameras: Detecting visual markers in real-time to address privacy concerns. In: International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), pp. 971-978 (2007)
47. Senior, A., Hampapur, A., Tian, Y., Brown, L., Pankanti, S., Bolle, R.: Appearance models for occlusion handling. Journal of Image and Vision Computing (IVC) 24(11), 1233-1243 (2006)
48. Senior, A., Pankanti, S., Hampapur, A., Brown, L., Tian, Y. L., Ekin, A., Connell, J., Shu, C. F., Lu, M.: Enabling video privacy through computer vision. IEEE Security & Privacy 3(3), 50-57 (2005)
49. Shaw, R.: Recognition markets and visual privacy. In: UnBlinking: New Perspectives on Visual Privacy in the 21st Century (2006)
50. Turk, M., Pentland, A.: Face recognition using Eigenfaces. In: Proceedings of IEEE Conference Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), pp. 586-591 (1991)
51. Viola, P., Jones, M.: Rapid object detection using a boosted cascade of simple features. Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) 1, 511 (2001)
52. Wu, B., Nevatia, R.: Detection of multiple, partially occluded humans in a single image by Bayesian combination of edgelet part detectors. IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) 1, 90-97 (2005)
53. Wu, B., Nevatia, R.: Tracking of multiple, partially occluded humans based on static body part detection. IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) 1, 951-958 (2006)
54. Wu, Y. W., Ai, X. Y.: Face detection in color images using AdaBoost algorithm based on skin color information. In: International Workshop on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (WKDD), pp. 339-342 (2008)
55. Yang, M., Kriegman, D., Ahuja, N.: Detecting faces in images: A survey. IEEE Transactions of Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence (PAMI) 24(1), 34-58 (2002)
56. Zhang, W., Ching, S., Cheung, S., Chen, M.: Hiding privacy information in video surveillance system. Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP) 3, II-868-71 (2005)
57. Zhang, X., Fronz, S., Navab, N.: Visual marker detection and decoding in AR systems: A comparative study. In: International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 97-106 (2002)