Trait Emotions and Affective Modulation of the Startle Eyeblink: On the Unique Relationship of Trait Anger

Emotion

Volumn 11, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 47-51

  Amodio, David M ^a   Harmon Jones, Eddie ^b  

^a NEW YORK UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b TEXAS A AND M UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Anger; Approach; Emotion; Motivation; Startle eyeblink

Indexed keywords

AFFECT; ANGER; ARTICLE; EMOTION; EYELID REFLEX; FEMALE; HAPPINESS; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MOTIVATION; NORMAL HUMAN; SELF REPORT; STARTLE REFLEX;

AFFECT; ANGER; BLINKING; ELECTROMYOGRAPHY; EMOTIONS; FEMALE; HUMANS; INDIVIDUALITY; STARTLE REACTION;

EID: 79952839653     PISSN: 15283542     EISSN: 19311516     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0021238     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. Amodio D.M., Harmon-Jones E., Devine P.G. Individual differences in the activation and control of affective race bias as assessed by startle eyeblink responses and self-report. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2003, 84:738-753.
2. Benning S.D., Patrick C.J., Iacono W.G. Fearlessness and underarousal in psychopathy: Startle blink modulation and electrodermal reactivity in a young adult male community sample. Psychophysiology 2005, 42:753-762.
3. Blumenthal T.D., Franklin J.C. The startle eyeblink response. Methods in social neuroscience 2009, 92-117. Guilford Press, New York. E. Harmon-Jones, J.S. Beer (Eds.).
4. Carver C.S. Negative affects deriving from the behavioral approach system. Emotion 2004, 4:3-22.
5. Carver C.S., Harmon-Jones E. Anger is an approach-related affect: Evidence and implications. Psychological Bulletin 2009, 135:183-204.
6. Carver C.S., White T.L. Behavioral inhibition, behavioral activation, and affective responses to impending reward and punishment: The BIS/BAS Scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1994, 67:319-333.
7. Cook E.W., Davis T.L., Hawk L.W., Spence E.L., Gautier C.H. Fearfulness and startle potentiation during aversive visual stimuli. Psychophysiology 1992, 29:633-645.
8. Cook E.W., Hawk L.W., Davis T.L., Stevenson V.E. Affective individual differences and startle reflex modulation. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 1991, 100:5-13.
9. Corr P.J. J. A. Gray's reinforcement sensitivity theory: Tests of the joint subsystems hypothesis of anxiety and impulsivity. Personality and Individual Differences 2002, 33:511-532.
10. Corr P.J., Kumari V., Wilson G.D., Checkley S., Gray J.A. Harm avoidance and affective modulation of the startle reflex: A replication. Personality and Individual Differences 1997, 22:591-593.
11. Cuthbert B.N., Bradley M.M., Lang P.J. Probing picture perception: Activation and emotion. Psychophysiology 1996, 33:103-111.
12. Davis M. Neural systems involved in fear and anxiety measured with fear-potentiated startle. American Psychologist 2006, 61:741-756.
13. Forster K.I., Forster J.C. DMDX: A Windows display program with millisecond accuracy. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, and Computers 2003, 35:116-124.
14. Globisch J., Hamm A.O., Esteves F., Öhman A. Fear appears fast: Temporal course of startle reflex potentiation in animal fearful subjects. Psychophysiology 1999, 36:66-75.
15. Grillon C., Davis M. Acoustic startle and anticipatory anxiety in humans: Effects of monaural right and left ear stimulation. Psychophysiology 1995, 32:155-161.
16. Harmon-Jones E. Anger and the behavioural approach system. Personality and Individual Differences 2003, 35:995-1005.
17. Harmon-Jones E. Clarifying the emotive functions of asymmetrical frontal cortical activity. Psychophysiology 2003, 40:838-848.
18. Harmon-Jones E., Harmon-Jones C., Abramson L.Y., Peterson C.K. PANAS positive activation is associated with anger. Emotion 2009, 9:183-196.
19. Harmon-Jones E., Peterson C.K. Effect of trait and state approach motivation on aggressive inclinations. Journal of Research in Personality 2008, 42:1381-1385.
20. Hawk L.W., Kowmas A.D. Affective modulation and prepulse inhibition of startle among undergraduates high and low in behavioral inhibition and approach. Psychophysiology 2003, 40:131-138.
21. Izard C.E., Libero D.Z., Putnam P., Haynes O.M. Stability of emotion experiences and their relations to traits of personality. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1993, 64:847-860.
22. Lang P.J., Bradley M.M., Cuthbert B.N. Emotion, attention, and the startle reflex. Psychological Review 1990, 97:377-395.
23. Lang P.J., Bradley M.M., Cuthbert B.N. International affective picture system (IAPS): Technical manual and affective ratings 1997, The Center for Research in Psychophysiology, University of Florida, Gainsville, FL, Tech. Rep. No. A-4.
24. Lewis M., Alessandri S.M., Sullivan M.W. Violation of expectancy, loss of control, and anger expressions in young infants. Developmental Psychology 1990, 26:745-751.
25. Patrick C.J., Bradley M.M., Lang P.J. Emotion in the criminal psychopath: Startle reflex modulation. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 1993, 102:82-92.
26. Peterson C.K., Gable P., Harmon-Jones E. Asymmetrical frontal ERPs, emotion, and behavioral approach/inhibition sensitivity. Social Neuroscience 2008, 3:113-124.
27. Vaidyanathan U., Patrick C.J., Bernat E.M. Startle reflex potentiation during aversive picture viewing as an indicator of trait fear. Psychophysiology 2009, 46:75-85.
28. Van Boxtel A., Boelhouwer A.J.W., Bos A.R. Optimal EMG signal bandwidth and interelectrode distance for the recording of acoustic, electrocutaneous, and photic blink reflexes. Psychophysiology 1998, 35:690-697.
29. Vrana S.R., Constantine J.A., Westman J.S. Startle reflex modification as an outcome measure in the treatment of phobia: Two case studies. Behavioral Assessment 1992, 14:279-291.
30. Vrana S.R., Spence E.L., Lang P.J. The startle probe response: A new measure of emotion?. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 1988, 97:487-491.
31. Watson D., Clark L.A., Tellegen A. Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1988, 54:1063-1070.