Probing picture perception: Activation and emotion

Psychophysiology

Volumn 33, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 103-111

  Cuthbert, Bruce N ^a   Bradley, Margaret M ^a   Lang, Peter J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA   (United States)

Author keywords

Arousal; Emotion; Pleasure; Skin conductance; Startle

Indexed keywords

AFFECT; AROUSAL; ARTICLE; ATTENTION; AUDITORY STIMULATION; CONTROLLED STUDY; EMOTION; EYELID REFLEX; FEMALE; HEART RATE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MALE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SKIN CONDUCTANCE; STARTLE REFLEX; VISUAL STIMULATION;

EID: 0029967459     PISSN: 00485772     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.1996.tb02114.x     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Balaban, M. (1995). Affective influences on startle in five-month-old infants: Reactions to facial expressions of emotion. Child Development, 66, 28-36.
2. Blaney, P. H. (1986). Affect and memory: A review. Psychological Bulletin, 99, 229-246.
3. Bower, G. H. (1981). Mood and memory. American Psychologist, 36, 129-148.
4. Bradley, M. M., Cuthbert, B. N., & Lang, P. J. (1990a). Startle reflex modification: Attention or emotion? Psychophysiology, 27, 513-522.
5. Bradley, M. M., Cuthbert, B.N., & Lang, P. J. (1990b). Probe intensity and startle modulation. Psychophysiology, 27(Suppl.), S18.
6. Bradley, M. M., Cuthbert, B. N., & Lang, P. J. (1991). Startle and emotion: Lateral acoustic probes and the bilateral blink. Psychophysiology, 28, 285-295.
7. Bradley, M. M., Cuthbert, B. N., & Lang, P. J. (1996). Lateralized startle probes in the study of emotion. Psychophysiology, 33, 156-161.
8. Bradley, M. M., Lang, P. J., & Cuthbert, B. N. (1993). Emotion, novelty, and the startle reflex: Habituation in humans. Behavioral Neuroscience, 107, 970-980.
9. Center for the Study of Emotion and Attention (CSEA-NIMH). (1995). The international affective picture system: Photographic slides. Gainesville, FL: The Center for Research in Psychophysiology, University of Florida.
10. Cook, E. W. III, Davis, T. L., Hawk, L. W., Spence, E. W., & Gautier, C. H. (1992). Tearfulness and startle potentiation during aversive visual stimuli. Psychophysiology, 29, 633-645.
11. Cuthbert, B. N., Bradley, M. M., & Lang, P. J. (1990). Valence and arousal in startle modulation. Psychophysiology, 27(Suppl.), S24.
12. Cuthbert, B. N., Drobes, D. D., Strauss, C., Patrick, C. J., & Lang, P. J. (1994). Autonomic and startle responding during affective imagery among anxious patients. Psychophysiology, 31(Suppl.), S37.
13. Davidson, R. J. (1993). Parsing affective space: Perspectives from neuropsychology and Psychophysiology. Neuropsychology, 7, 464-475.
14. Davis, M. (1986). Pharmacological and anatomical analysis of fear conditioning using the fear-potentiated startle paradigm. Behavioral Neuroscience, 100, 814-824.
15. Davis, M. (1989). Sensitization of the acoustic startle reflex by foot-shock. Behavioral Neuroscience, 103, 495-503.
16. Davis, M., & Astrachan, D. I. (1978). Conditioned fear and startle magnitude: Effects of different footshock or backshock intensities used in training. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 4, 95-103.
17. Dickinson, A., & Bearing, M. F. (1979). Appetitive-aversive interactions and inhibitory processes. In A. Dickinson & R. A. Boakes (Eds.), Mechanisms of learning and motivation (pp. 203-231). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
18. Graham, F. K., & Clifton, R. K. (1966). Heart rate change as a component of the orienting response. Psychological Bulletin, 65, 305-320.
19. Greenwald, M. K., Cook, E. W. III, & Lang, P. J. (1989). Affective judgment and psychophysiological response: Dimensional covariation in the evaluation of pictorial stimuli. Journal of Psychophysiology, 3, 51-64.
20. Grey, S. J., & Smith, B. L. (1984). A comparison between commercially available electrode gels and purpose-made gel in the measurement of electrodermal activity. Psychophysiology, 21, 551-557.
21. Hackley, S. A., & Graham, F. K. (1984). Early selective attention effects on cutaneous and acoustic blink reflexes. Physiological Psychology, 11, 235-242.
22. Hamm, A O., Cuthbert, B. N., Globisch, J., & Vaitl, D. (1995). Fear and the startle reflex: Blink modulation and visceral response patterns in animal and mutilation fearful subjects. Manuscript submitted for publication.
23. Hebb, D. O. (1949). The organization of behavior: A neuropsychological theory. New York: Wiley.
24. Heller, W. (1993). Neuropsychological mechanisms of individual differences in emotion, personality, and arousal. Neuropsychology, 7, 476-489.
25. Hodes, R. L., Cook, E. W. III, & Lang, P. J. (1985). Individual differences in autonomic response: Conditioned association or conditioned fear? Psychophysiology, 22, 545-560.
26. Konorski, J. (1967). Integrative activity of the brain: An interdisciplinary approach. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
27. Lang, P. J. (1980). Behavioral treatment and bio-behavioral assessment: Computer applications. In J. B. Sidowski, J. H. Johnson, & T. A. Williams (Eds.), Technology in mental health care delivery systems (pp. 119-137). Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
28. Lang, P. J. (1994). Motivation and emotion: From reflex to cortex. In S. VanGoozen, N. E. Van de Poll, & J. A. Sergeant (Eds.), Emotions: Essays on current issues in the field of emotion theory (pp. 61-93). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
29. Lang, P. J., Bradley, M. M., & Culhbert, B. N. (1990). Emotion, attention, and the startle reflex. Psychological Review, 97, 377-395.
30. Lang, P. J., Bradley, M. M., & Cuthbert, B. N. (1992). A motivational analysis of emotion: Reflex-cortex connections. Psychological Science, 3, 44-49.
31. Lang, P. J., Greenwald, M. K., Bradley, M. M., & Hamm, A. O. (1993). Looking at pictures: Affective, facial, visceral, and behavioral reactions. Psychophysiology, 30, 261-273.
32. LeDoux, J. E. (1989). Cognitive-emotional interactions in the brain. Cognition and Emotion, 3, 267-289.
33. Miller, N. (1944). Experimental studies of conflict. In J. M. Hunt (Ed.), Personality and the behavior disorders (pp. 431-465). New York: Ronald Press.
34. Patrick, C. J., Bradley, M. M., & Lang, P. J. (1993). Emotion in the criminal psychopath. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 102, 82-92.
35. Prokasy, W., & Raskin, D. (1973). Electrodermal activity in psychological research. New York: Academic Press.
36. Putnam, L. E. (1976). The human startle reaction: Mechanisms of modification by background acoustic stimulation (Doctoral dissertation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1975). Dissertation Abstracts International, 36, 6419B.
37. Rafferty, J., & Norling, R. (1989). Cricket graph user's guide. Malvern, PA: Cricket Software.
38. Schneirla, T. (1959). An evolutionary and developmental theory of biphasic processes underlying approach and withdrawal. In M. Jones (Ed.), Nebraska Symposium on Motivation (pp. 1-42). Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
39. Simons, R. F., & Zelson, M. F. (1985). Engaging visual stimuli and reflex blink modification. Psychophysiology, 22, 44-49.
40. Sokolov, E. N. (1963). Perception and the conditioned reflex (S. W. Waydenfeld, Trans.). New York: Macmillan. (Original work published 1958)
41. Van Eekelen, A. P., Garner, E. E., Berg, W. K., & Boswell, A. E. (1993). Selective facilitation and inhibition of startle occurs late in warning interval. Psychophysiology, 28(Suppl.), S67.
42. Vasey, M., & Thayer, J. (1987). The continuing problem of false positives in repeated measures ANOVA in psychophysiology: A multivariate solution. Psychophysiology, 24, 479-486.
43. Vrana, S. R., Spence, E. L., & Lang, P. J. (1988). The startle probe response: A new measure of emotion? Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 97, 487-491.