메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 64, Issue 4, 2011, Pages

Adverse effects of ultraviolet radiation from the use of indoor tanning equipment: Time to ban the tan

Author keywords

basal cell carcinoma; DNA damage; Food and Drug Administration reclassification of indoor tanning devices; immunosuppression; indoor tanning; legislation; melanoma; photoaging; photodermatoses; radiation; regulation; skin cancer; squamous cell carcinoma; ultraviolet; ultraviolet A; ultraviolet B; vitamin D

Indexed keywords

ADENINE; CYTOSINE; DNA; PROTEIN P53; SUNSCREEN; THYMINE; VITAMIN D;

EID: 79952814778     PISSN: 01909622     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2010.11.032     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (24)

References (104)
  • 2
    • 77956628416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in the incidence of nonmelanoma skin cancer in Denmark 1978-2007: Rapid incidence increase among young Danish women
    • Birch-Johansen F, Jensen A, Mortensen L, Olesen AB, Kjaer SK. Trends in the incidence of nonmelanoma skin cancer in Denmark 1978-2007: rapid incidence increase among young Danish women. Int J Cancer 2010;127:2190-8.
    • (2010) Int J Cancer , vol.127 , pp. 2190-2198
    • Birch-Johansen, F.1    Jensen, A.2    Mortensen, L.3    Olesen, A.B.4    Kjaer, S.K.5
  • 3
    • 80054800306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Malignant melanoma: Cancer epidemiology in older adolescents and young adults
    • Available at: Accessed December 2010
    • Herzog C, Pappo A, Bondy M, Bleyer A, Kirkwood J. Malignant melanoma: cancer epidemiology in older adolescents and young adults; National Cancer Institute, SEER AYA monograph; 2007. p. 53-63. Available at: http://seer.cancer.gov/ publications/aya/5-melanoma.pdf. Accessed December 2010.
    • (2007) SEER AYA Monograph , pp. 53-63
    • Herzog, C.1    Pappo, A.2    Bondy, M.3    Bleyer, A.4    Kirkwood, J.5
  • 5
    • 0034115308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of cutaneous malignant melanoma in relation to use of sunbeds: Further evidence for UV-A carcinogenicity
    • Westerdahl J, Ingvar C, Masback A, Jonsson N, Olsson H. Risk of cutaneous malignant melanoma in relation to use of sunbeds: further evidence for UVA carcinogenicity. Br J Cancer 2000;82:1593-9. (Pubitemid 30204368)
    • (2000) British Journal of Cancer , vol.82 , Issue.9 , pp. 1593-1599
    • Westerdahl, J.1    Ingvar, C.2    Masback, A.3    Jonsson, N.4    Olsson, H.5
  • 8
    • 1542286671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Re: A prospective study of pigmentation, sun exposure, and risk of cutaneous malignant melanoma in women
    • author reply 7-8
    • Lazovich D, Sweeney C, Weinstock MA, Berwick M. Re: A prospective study of pigmentation, sun exposure, and risk of cutaneous malignant melanoma in women. J Natl Cancer Inst 2004;96:335; author reply 7-8.
    • (2004) J Natl Cancer Inst , vol.96 , pp. 335
    • Lazovich, D.1    Sweeney, C.2    Weinstock, M.A.3    Berwick, M.4
  • 11
    • 62349102441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Indoor ultraviolet tanning and skin cancer: Health risks and opportunities
    • Schulman JM, Fisher DE. Indoor ultraviolet tanning and skin cancer: health risks and opportunities. Curr Opin Oncol 2009;21:144-9.
    • (2009) Curr Opin Oncol , vol.21 , pp. 144-149
    • Schulman, J.M.1    Fisher, D.E.2
  • 12
    • 33846805780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The association of use of sunbeds with cutaneous malignant melanoma and other skin cancers: A systematic review
    • Green AC. The association of use of sunbeds with cutaneous malignant melanoma and other skin cancers: a systematic review. Int J Cancer 2007;120:1116-22.
    • (2007) Int J Cancer , vol.120 , pp. 1116-1122
    • Green, A.C.1
  • 14
    • 79954611983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ban on Artificial Tanning Equipment
    • Available from: Accessed May 2010
    • LifeSciences practice group of Pinheiro NetoBan Advogados. Ban on artificial tanning equipment. Life Sciences in Brazil. Available from: URL:http://www.pinheironeto.com.br/upload/ tb-pinheironeto-boletim/pdf/ 171209160906LifeSciences-no- Brasil-No-47-ing.pdf. Accessed May 2010.
    • Life Sciences in Brazil
  • 15
    • 77951222690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Salons face pound 20,000 fine for allowing under 18s to use sunbeds
    • Dyer C. Salons face pound 20,000 fine for allowing under 18s to use sunbeds. BMJ 2010;340:c1973.
    • (2010) BMJ , vol.340
    • Dyer, C.1
  • 16
    • 79952816924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Finnish Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority Available from: Accessed December 2010
    • Finnish Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority. STUK regulates solariums. Available from: URL:http://wwwstukfi/sateilytietoa/ sateilevat-laitteet/ laitteiden-valvonta/en-GB/solariumit/STUK. Accessed December 2010.
    • STUK Regulates Solariums
  • 17
    • 79954595812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Science and Technology News
    • Available from: Accessed December 2010
    • Physorg.com. Science and Technology News. Germany bans solariums for under-18s. Available from: URL:http://www. physorg.com/news164627121.html. Accessed December 2010.
    • Germany Bans Solariums for Under-18s
  • 18
    • 79954617142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AAD monthly newsletter
    • Available from: Accessed May 2010
    • AAD monthly newsletter. Laws protect minors from tanning beds. Available from: URL:http://www.skincarephysicians. com/skincancernet/tanning-bed-laws. html. Accessed May 2010.
    • Laws Protect Minors from Tanning Beds
  • 19
    • 79952815307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Available from: National Conference of State Legislatures. Accessed December 2010
    • National Conference of State Legislatures. Tanning restrictions for minors, a state-by-state comparison. Available from: URL:http://wwwncslorg/ defaultaspx?tabid=14394#statelws: National Conference of State Legislatures. Accessed December 2010.
    • Tanning Restrictions for Minors, A State-by-state Comparison
  • 21
    • 70349306864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Youth access to artificial UV radiation exposure: Practices of 3647 US indoor tanning facilities
    • Pichon LC, Mayer JA, Hoerster KD, Woodruff SI, Slymen DJ, Belch GE, et al. Youth access to artificial UV radiation exposure: practices of 3647 US indoor tanning facilities. Arch Dermatol 2009;145:997-1002.
    • (2009) Arch Dermatol , vol.145 , pp. 997-1002
    • Pichon, L.C.1    Mayer, J.A.2    Hoerster, K.D.3    Woodruff, S.I.4    Slymen, D.J.5    Belch, G.E.6
  • 22
    • 84872209774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Available from: Accessed December 2010
    • US Food and Drug Administration. Overview of device regulation. Available from: URL:http://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/ DeviceRegulationandGuidance/ Overview/default.htm. Accessed December 2010.
    • Overview of Device Regulation
  • 23
    • 74949108978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Available from: Accessed May 2010
    • US Food and Drug Administration. Medical device exemptions 510(k) and GMP requirements. Available from: URL:http:// www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/ cfdocs/cfpcd/315.cfm. Accessed May 2010.
    • Medical Device Exemptions 510(k) and GMP Requirements
  • 24
    • 29144479725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biology of melanocytes
    • Bolognia JL, Jorizzo JL, Rapini RP, editors. London: Mosby
    • Bolognia JL, Orlow SJ. Biology of melanocytes. In: Bolognia JL, Jorizzo JL, Rapini RP, editors. Dermatology. London: Mosby; 2003. pp. 935-45.
    • (2003) Dermatology , pp. 935-945
    • Bolognia, J.L.1    Orlow, S.J.2
  • 25
    • 35348894888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • P53 and the pathogenesis of skin cancer
    • DOI 10.1016/j.taap.2006.12.006, PII S0041008X06004789
    • Benjamin CL, Ananthaswamy HN. p53 and the pathogenesis of skin cancer. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2007;224:241-8. (Pubitemid 47575673)
    • (2007) Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology , vol.224 , Issue.3 , pp. 241-248
    • Benjamin, C.L.1    Ananthaswamy, H.N.2
  • 26
    • 0035472817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct and indirect effects of UV radiation on DNA and its components
    • DOI 10.1016/S1011-1344(01)00206-8, PII S1011134401002068
    • Ravanat JL, Douki T, Cadet J. Direct and indirect effects of UV radiation on DNA and its components. J Photochem Photobiol B 2001;63:88-102. (Pubitemid 33040727)
    • (2001) Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology , vol.63 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 88-102
    • Ravanat, J.-L.1    Douki, T.2    Cadet, J.3
  • 28
    • 0036783114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Formation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro- 2′- Deoxyguanosine in mouse and organ-cultured human skin by irradiation with broadband or with narrowband UVB
    • Budiyanto A, Ueda M, Ueda T, Ichihashi M. Formation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′- deoxyguanosine in mouse and organ-cultured human skin by irradiation with broadband or with narrowband UVB. Photochem Photobiol 2002;76:397-400.
    • (2002) Photochem Photobiol , vol.76 , pp. 397-400
    • Budiyanto, A.1    Ueda, M.2    Ueda, T.3    Ichihashi, M.4
  • 30
    • 0034787027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Solar-simulated skin adaptation and its effect on subsequent UV-induced epidermal DNA damage
    • DOI 10.1046/j.0022-202x.2001.01478.x
    • de Winter S, Vink AA, Roza L, Pavel S. Solar-simulated skin adaptation and its effect on subsequent UV-induced epidermal DNA damage. J Invest Dermatol 2001;117:678-82. (Pubitemid 32955597)
    • (2001) Journal of Investigative Dermatology , vol.117 , Issue.3 , pp. 678-682
    • De Winter, S.1    Vink, A.A.2    Roza, L.3    Pavel, S.4
  • 34
    • 14644430466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of UV induced lesions in skin carcinogenesis: An overview of oncogene and tumor suppressor gene modifications in xeroderma pigmentosum skin tumors
    • DOI 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2004.11.013
    • Daya-Grosjean L, Sarasin A. The role of UV-induced lesions in skin carcinogenesis: an overview of oncogene and tumor suppressor gene modifications in xeroderma pigmentosum skin tumors. Mutat Res 2005;571:43-56. (Pubitemid 40313431)
    • (2005) Mutation Research - Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis , vol.571 , Issue.1-2 SPEC. ISS , pp. 43-56
    • Daya-Grosjean, L.1    Sarasin, A.2
  • 35
    • 42949155244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancerethe role of sunlight
    • Leiter U, Garbe C. Epidemiology of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancerethe role of sunlight. Adv Exp Med Biol 2008;624:89-103.
    • (2008) Adv Exp Med Biol , vol.624 , pp. 89-103
    • Leiter, U.1    Garbe, C.2
  • 37
    • 0031933682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of squamous cell carcinoma in p53-deficient mice after ultraviolet irradiation
    • Li G, Tron V, Ho V. Induction of squamous cell carcinoma in p53-deficient mice after ultraviolet irradiation. J Invest Dermatol 1998;110:72-5. (Pubitemid 28086067)
    • (1998) Journal of Investigative Dermatology , vol.110 , Issue.1 , pp. 72-75
    • Li, G.1    Tron, V.2    Ho, V.3
  • 38
    • 0034566137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tanning as part of the eukaryotic SOS response
    • Eller MS, Gilchrest BA. Tanning as part of the eukaryotic SOS response. Pigment Cell Res 2000;13(Suppl):94-7.
    • (2000) Pigment Cell Res , vol.13 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 94-97
    • Eller, M.S.1    Gilchrest, B.A.2
  • 39
    • 0036096585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Repeated ultraviolet exposure affords the same protection against DNA photodamage and erythema in human skin types II and IV but is associated with faster DNA repair in skin type IV
    • DOI 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2002.01681.x
    • Sheehan JM, Cragg N, Chadwick CA, Potten CS, Young AR. Repeated ultraviolet exposure affords the same protection against DNA photodamage and erythema in human skin types II and IV but is associated with faster DNA repair in skin type IV. J Invest Dermatol 2002;118:825-9. (Pubitemid 34526545)
    • (2002) Journal of Investigative Dermatology , vol.118 , Issue.5 , pp. 825-829
    • Sheehan, J.M.1    Cragg, N.2    Chadwick, C.A.3    Potten, C.S.4    Young, A.R.5
  • 40
    • 0025925356 scopus 로고
    • Photoprotection and 5-MOP photochemoprotection from UVR-induced DNA damage in humans: The role of skin type
    • Young AR, Potten CS, Chadwick CA, Murphy GM, Hawk JL, Cohen AJ. Photoprotection and 5-MOP photochemoprotection from UVR-induced DNA damage in humans: the role of skin type. J Invest Dermatol 1991;97:942-8.
    • (1991) J Invest Dermatol , vol.97 , pp. 942-948
    • Young, A.R.1    Potten, C.S.2    Chadwick, C.A.3    Murphy, G.M.4    Hawk, J.L.5    Cohen, A.J.6
  • 42
    • 37249046514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 25 Years of UV-induced immunosuppression mediated by T Cells - From disregarded T suppressor cells to highly respected regulatory T cells
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2007.00223.x
    • Schwarz T. 25 years of UV-induced immunosuppression mediated by T cells-from disregarded T suppressor cells to highly respected regulatory T cells. Photochem Photobiol 2008;84:10-8. (Pubitemid 350265098)
    • (2008) Photochemistry and Photobiology , vol.84 , Issue.1 , pp. 10-18
    • Schwarz, T.1
  • 43
    • 49449089153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sun exposure and vitamin D sufficiency
    • Gilchrest BA. Sun exposure and vitamin D sufficiency. Am J Clin Nutr 2008;88:570-7S.
    • (2008) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.88
    • Gilchrest, B.A.1
  • 45
    • 71649108156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines of care for the management of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: Section 5; guidelines of care for the treatment of psoriasis with phototherapy and photochemotherapy
    • Menter A, Korman NJ, Elmets CA, Feldman SR, Gelfand JM, Gordon KB, et al. Guidelines of care for the management of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: section 5; guidelines of care for the treatment of psoriasis with phototherapy and photochemotherapy. J Am Acad Dermatol 2010;62:114-35.
    • (2010) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.62 , pp. 114-135
    • Menter, A.1    Korman, N.J.2    Elmets, C.A.3    Feldman, S.R.4    Gelfand, J.M.5    Gordon, K.B.6
  • 48
    • 76149091157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tanning beds, skin cancer, and vitamin D: An examination of the scientific evidence and public health implications
    • Woo DK, Eide MJ. Tanning beds, skin cancer, and vitamin D: an examination of the scientific evidence and public health implications. Dermatol Ther 2010;23:61-71.
    • (2010) Dermatol Ther , vol.23 , pp. 61-71
    • Woo, D.K.1    Eide, M.J.2
  • 49
    • 33846644046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for skin cancers: A nested case-control study within the Nurses' Health Study
    • DOI 10.1093/ije/dyl197
    • Han J, Colditz GA, Hunter DJ. Risk factors for skin cancers: a nested case-control study within the nurses' health study. Int J Epidemiol 2006;35:1514-21. (Pubitemid 46178928)
    • (2006) International Journal of Epidemiology , vol.35 , Issue.6 , pp. 1514-1521
    • Han, J.1    Colditz, G.A.2    Hunter, D.J.3
  • 52
    • 34447559878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sunbeds, beauty and melanoma
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.07960.x
    • Diffey B. Sunbeds, beauty and melanoma. Br J Dermatol 2007;157:215-6. (Pubitemid 47083832)
    • (2007) British Journal of Dermatology , vol.157 , Issue.2 , pp. 215-216
    • Diffey, B.1
  • 54
    • 79953226697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sunbed use during adolescence and early adulthood is associated with increased risk of melanoma
    • doi: 10.1002/ijc.25576. Published online July 28
    • Cust AE, Armstrong BK, Goumas C, Jenkins MA, Schmid H, Hopper JL, et al. Sunbed use during adolescence and early adulthood is associated with increased risk of melanoma. Int J Cancer doi: 10.1002/ijc.25576. Published online July 28, 2010.
    • (2010) Int J Cancer
    • Cust, A.E.1    Armstrong, B.K.2    Goumas, C.3    Jenkins, M.A.4    Schmid, H.5    Hopper, J.L.6
  • 56
    • 79954578198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Melanoma of the skin
    • Available from: SEER. Accessed December 2010
    • National Cancer Institute. Melanoma of the skin. SEER stat fact sheets. Available from: URL:http://seercancergov/ statfacts/html/melanhtml: SEER. Accessed December 2010.
    • SEER Stat Fact Sheets
  • 57
    • 74349105783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • UVA tanning is involved in the increased incidence of skin cancers in fair-skinned young women
    • Coelho SG, Hearing VJ. UVA tanning is involved in the increased incidence of skin cancers in fair-skinned young women. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2010;23:57-63.
    • (2010) Pigment Cell Melanoma Res , vol.23 , pp. 57-63
    • Coelho, S.G.1    Hearing, V.J.2
  • 60
    • 0035967241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma
    • DOI 10.1056/NEJM200103293441306
    • Alam M, Ratner D. Cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med 2001;344:975-83. (Pubitemid 32240317)
    • (2001) New England Journal of Medicine , vol.344 , Issue.13 , pp. 975-983
    • Alam, M.1    Ratner, D.2
  • 61
    • 9344255432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The multicenter south European study 'Helios,' II: Different sun exposure patterns in the etiology of basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas of the skin
    • Rosso S, Zanetti R, Martinez C, Tormo MJ, Schraub S, Sancho- Garnier H, et al. The multicenter south European study 'Helios,' II: different sun exposure patterns in the etiology of basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas of the skin. Br J Cancer 1996;73:1447-54.
    • (1996) Br J Cancer , vol.73 , pp. 1447-1454
    • Rosso, S.1    Zanetti, R.2    Martinez, C.3    Tormo, M.J.4    Schraub, S.5    Sancho-Garnier, H.6
  • 63
    • 0036241594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carcinogenesis of basal cell carcinomas: Genetics and molecular mechanisms
    • Lacour JP. Carcinogenesis of basal cell carcinomas: genetics and molecular mechanisms. Br J Dermatol 2002;146(Suppl):17-9. (Pubitemid 34437805)
    • (2002) British Journal of Dermatology, Supplement , vol.146 , Issue.61 , pp. 17-19
    • Lacour, J.P.1
  • 64
    • 0033612873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Daily sunscreen application and betacarotene supplementation in prevention of basal-cell and squamous-cell carcinomas of the skin: A randomised controlled trial
    • DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(98)12168-2
    • Green A, Williams G, Neale R, Hart V, Leslie D, Parsons P, et al. Daily sunscreen application and betacarotene supplementation in prevention of basal-cell and squamous-cell carcinomas of the skin: a randomized controlled trial. Lancet 1999;354:723-9. (Pubitemid 29405786)
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.354 , Issue.9180 , pp. 723-729
    • Green, A.1    Williams, G.2    Neale, R.3    Hart, V.4    Leslie, D.5    Parsons, P.6    Marks, G.C.7    Gaffney, P.8    Battistutta, D.9    Frost, C.10    Lang, C.11    Russell, A.12
  • 67
    • 0027517607 scopus 로고
    • Reduction of solar keratoses by regular sunscreen use
    • DOI 10.1056/NEJM199310143291602
    • Thompson SC, Jolley D, Marks R. Reduction of solar keratoses by regular sunscreen use. N Engl J Med 1993;329:1147-51. (Pubitemid 23295456)
    • (1993) New England Journal of Medicine , vol.329 , Issue.16 , pp. 1147-1151
    • Thompson, S.C.1    Jolley, D.2    Marks, R.3
  • 69
    • 0036260606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of sunscreen, sunburning rates, and tanning bed use among more than 10 000 US children and adolescents
    • DOI 10.1542/peds.109.6.1009
    • Geller AC, Colditz G, Oliveria S, Emmons K, Jorgensen C, Aweh GN, et al. Use of sunscreen, sunburning rates, and tanning bed use among more than 10,000 US children and adolescents. Pediatrics 2002;109:1009-14. (Pubitemid 34587424)
    • (2002) Pediatrics , vol.109 , Issue.6 , pp. 1009-1014
    • Geller, A.C.1    Colditz, G.2    Oliveria, S.3    Emmons, K.4    Jorgensen, C.5    Aweh, G.N.6    Frazier, A.7
  • 70
    • 0021176616 scopus 로고
    • Pigmentation and skin reaction to sun as risk factors for cutaneous melanoma: Western Canada melanoma study
    • Elwood JM, Gallagher RP, Hill GB, Spinelli JJ, Pearson JC, Threlfall W. Pigmentation and skin reaction to sun as risk factors for cutaneous melanoma: western Canada melanoma study. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1984;288:99-102. (Pubitemid 14119396)
    • (1984) British Medical Journal , vol.288 , Issue.6411 , pp. 99-102
    • Elwood, J.M.1    Gallagher, R.P.2    Hill, G.B.3
  • 74
    • 42549171628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Indoor tanning knowledge, attitudes, and behavior among young adults from 1988-2007
    • Robinson JK, Kim J, Rosenbaum S, Ortiz S. Indoor tanning knowledge, attitudes, and behavior among young adults from 1988-2007. Arch Dermatol 2008;144:484-8.
    • (2008) Arch Dermatol , vol.144 , pp. 484-488
    • Robinson, J.K.1    Kim, J.2    Rosenbaum, S.3    Ortiz, S.4
  • 75
    • 57349094378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent trends in incidence of cutaneous melanoma among US Caucasian young adults
    • Purdue MP, Freeman LE, Anderson WF, Tucker MA. Recent trends in incidence of cutaneous melanoma among US Caucasian young adults. J Invest Dermatol 2008;128:2905-8.
    • (2008) J Invest Dermatol , vol.128 , pp. 2905-2908
    • Purdue, M.P.1    Freeman, L.E.2    Anderson, W.F.3    Tucker, M.A.4
  • 76
    • 33747032013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The burden of skin diseases: 2004 a joint project of the American Academy of Dermatology Association and the Society for Investigative Dermatology
    • Bickers DR, Lim HW, Margolis D, Weinstock MA, Goodman C, Faulkner E, et al. The burden of skin diseases: 2004 a joint project of the American Academy of Dermatology Association and the Society for Investigative Dermatology. J Am Acad Dermatol 2006;55:490-500.
    • (2006) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.55 , pp. 490-500
    • Bickers, D.R.1    Lim, H.W.2    Margolis, D.3    Weinstock, M.A.4    Goodman, C.5    Faulkner, E.6
  • 78
    • 76149146365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health effects of vitamin D
    • Bischoff-Ferrari H. Health effects of vitamin D. Dermatol Ther 2010;23:23-30.
    • (2010) Dermatol Ther , vol.23 , pp. 23-30
    • Bischoff-Ferrari, H.1
  • 80
    • 77956987565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The vitamin D and cancer conundrum: Aiming at a moving target
    • Toner CD, Davis CD, Milner JA. The vitamin D and cancer conundrum: aiming at a moving target. J Am Diet Assoc 2010;110:1492-500.
    • (2010) J Am Diet Assoc , vol.110 , pp. 1492-1500
    • Toner, C.D.1    Davis, C.D.2    Milner, J.A.3
  • 81
    • 75649100159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What is all this commotion about vitamin D?
    • Reddy KK, Gilchrest BA. What is all this commotion about vitamin D? J Invest Dermatol 2010;130:321-6.
    • (2010) J Invest Dermatol , vol.130 , pp. 321-326
    • Reddy, K.K.1    Gilchrest, B.A.2
  • 84
    • 31344431851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The vitamin D questions: How much do you need and how should you get it?
    • Wolpowitz D, Gilchrest BA. The vitamin D questions: how much do you need and how should you get it? J Am Acad Dermatol 2006;54:301-17.
    • (2006) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.54 , pp. 301-317
    • Wolpowitz, D.1    Gilchrest, B.A.2
  • 86
    • 0033372068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Skin cancer and solar UV radiation
    • de Gruijl FR. Skin cancer and solar UV radiation. Eur J Cancer 1999;35:2003-9.
    • (1999) Eur J Cancer , vol.35 , pp. 2003-2009
    • De Gruijl, F.R.1
  • 88
  • 89
    • 33947151025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sun protection and Vitamin D: Three dimensions of obfuscation
    • DOI 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2006.12.028, PII S0960076006004031
    • Gilchrest BA. Sun protection and vitamin D: three dimensions of obfuscation. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2007;103:655-63. (Pubitemid 46401321)
    • (2007) Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , vol.103 , Issue.3-5 , pp. 655-663
    • Gilchrest, B.A.1
  • 90
    • 77956275516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Indoor tanning-science, behavior, and policy
    • Fisher DE, James WD. Indoor tanning-science, behavior, and policy. N Engl J Med 2010;363:901-3.
    • (2010) N Engl J Med , vol.363 , pp. 901-903
    • Fisher, D.E.1    James, W.D.2
  • 92
    • 0020565559 scopus 로고
    • Plasma beta-endorphin and beta-lipotropin response to ultraviolet radiation
    • Levins PC, Carr DB, Fisher JE, Momtaz K, Parrish JA. Plasma beta-endorphin and beta-lipoprotein response to ultraviolet radiation. Lancet 1983;2:166. (Pubitemid 13067455)
    • (1983) Lancet , vol.2 , Issue.8342 , pp. 166
    • Levins, P.C.1    Carr, D.B.2    Fisher, J.E.3
  • 93
    • 33646343718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frequent tanning bed use, weight concerns, and other health risk behaviors in adolescent females (United States)
    • DOI 10.1007/s10552-005-0453-9
    • O'Riordan DL, Field AE, Geller AC, Brooks DR, Aweh G, Colditz GA, et al. Frequent tanning bed use, weight concerns, and other health risk behaviors in adolescent females (United States). Cancer Causes Control 2006;17:679-86. (Pubitemid 43668326)
    • (2006) Cancer Causes and Control , vol.17 , Issue.5 , pp. 679-686
    • O'Riordan, D.L.1    Field, A.E.2    Geller, A.C.3    Brooks, D.R.4    Aweh, G.5    Colditz, G.A.6    Frazier, A.L.7
  • 94
    • 33645004193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of withdrawal-like symptoms in a small randomized, controlled trial of opioid blockade in frequent tanners
    • Kaur M, Liguori A, Lang W, Rapp SR, Fleischer AB Jr, Feldman SR. Induction of withdrawal-like symptoms in a small randomized, controlled trial of opioid blockade in frequent tanners. J Am Acad Dermatol 2006;54:709-11.
    • (2006) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.54 , pp. 709-711
    • Kaur, M.1    Liguori, A.2    Lang, W.3    Rapp, S.R.4    Fleischer Jr., A.B.5    Feldman, S.R.6
  • 96
    • 77951087659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Addiction to indoor tanning: Relation to anxiety, depression, and substance use
    • Mosher CE, Danoff-Burg S. Addiction to indoor tanning: relation to anxiety, depression, and substance use. Arch Dermatol 2010;146:412-7.
    • (2010) Arch Dermatol , vol.146 , pp. 412-417
    • Mosher, C.E.1    Danoff-Burg, S.2
  • 97
    • 77956979407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Indoor tanning, mental health, and substance use among college students: The significance of gender
    • Mosher CE, Danoff-Burg S. Indoor tanning, mental health, and substance use among college students: the significance of gender. J Health Psychol 2010;15:819-27.
    • (2010) J Health Psychol , vol.15 , pp. 819-827
    • Mosher, C.E.1    Danoff-Burg, S.2
  • 99
    • 0028355025 scopus 로고
    • The use of commercial tanning facilities by suburban Minnesota adolescents
    • Oliphant JA, Forster JL, McBride CM. The use of commercial tanning facilities by suburban Minnesota adolescents. Am J Public Health 1994;84:476-8.
    • (1994) Am J Public Health , vol.84 , pp. 476-478
    • Oliphant, J.A.1    Forster, J.L.2    McBride, C.M.3
  • 100
    • 0027099965 scopus 로고
    • Safety information provided to customers of New York City suntanning salons
    • Fairchild AL, Gemson DH. Safety information provided to customers of New York City suntanning salons. Am J Prev Med 1992;8:381-3. (Pubitemid 23059112)
    • (1992) American Journal of Preventive Medicine , vol.8 , Issue.6 , pp. 381-383
    • Fairchild, A.L.1    Gemson, D.H.2
  • 101
    • 0026651378 scopus 로고
    • North Carolina tanning operators: Hazard on the horizon?
    • Fleischer AB Jr, Fleischer AB. North Carolina tanning operators: hazard on the horizon? J Am Acad Dermatol 1992;27:199-203.
    • (1992) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.27 , pp. 199-203
    • Fleischer Jr., A.B.1    Fleischer, A.B.2
  • 103
    • 84877909025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Available from: Accessed March 2010
    • US Food and Drug Administration. Indoor tanning: the risks of ultraviolet rays. Available from: URL:http://wwwfdagov/ downloads/ForConsumers/ ConsumerUpdates/UCM190664pdf. Accessed March 2010.
    • Indoor Tanning: The Risks of Ultraviolet Rays
  • 104
    • 14844287510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Title 21. Available from: Accessed May 2010
    • US Food and Drug Administration. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21. Available from: URL:http://www.accessdata. fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/ CFRSearch.cfm?fr=1040.20. Accessed May 2010.
    • Code of Federal Regulations


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.