메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 218, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 426-438

Morphological integration between the cranial base and the face in children and adults

Author keywords

Covariation; Development; Geometric morphometrics; Malocclusion

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ALLOMETRY; ANATOMICAL VARIATION; ARTICLE; CEPHALOMETRY; CHILD; CONTROLLED STUDY; CRANIOFACIAL DEVELOPMENT; CRANIOFACIAL MORPHOLOGY; DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE; DIGITAL RADIOGRAPHY; FACE; FEMALE; GROUPS BY AGE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SCHOOL CHILD; SEX DIFFERENCE; SKULL BASE; SKULL RADIOGRAPHY;

EID: 79952775154     PISSN: 00218782     EISSN: 14697580     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2011.01346.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (56)

References (75)
  • 1
    • 0037074974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The emerging conceptual framework of evolutionary developmental biology
    • Arthur W (2002) The emerging conceptual framework of evolutionary developmental biology. Nature 415, 757-764.
    • (2002) Nature , vol.415 , pp. 757-764
    • Arthur, W.1
  • 2
    • 24344460889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method for the assessment of optimal treatment timing in dentofacial orthopedics
    • Baccetti T, Franchi L, McNamara JA Jr (2005) The cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method for the assessment of optimal treatment timing in dentofacial orthopedics. Semin Orthod 11, 119-129.
    • (2005) Semin Orthod , vol.11 , pp. 119-129
    • Baccetti, T.1    Franchi, L.2    McNamara Jr, J.A.3
  • 3
    • 24044455713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hierarchical nature of morphological integration and modularity in the human posterior face
    • Bastir M, Rosas A (2005) Hierarchical nature of morphological integration and modularity in the human posterior face. Am J Phys Anthropol 128, 26-34.
    • (2005) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.128 , pp. 26-34
    • Bastir, M.1    Rosas, A.2
  • 4
    • 33747187023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlated variation between the lateral basicranium and the face: a geometric morphometric study in different human groups
    • Bastir M, Rosas A (2006) Correlated variation between the lateral basicranium and the face: a geometric morphometric study in different human groups. Arch Oral Biol 51, 814-824.
    • (2006) Arch Oral Biol , vol.51 , pp. 814-824
    • Bastir, M.1    Rosas, A.2
  • 5
    • 65549141142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mosaic evolution of the basicranium in Homo and its relation to modular development
    • Bastir M, Rosas A (2009) Mosaic evolution of the basicranium in Homo and its relation to modular development. Evol Biol 36, 57-70.
    • (2009) Evol Biol , vol.36 , pp. 57-70
    • Bastir, M.1    Rosas, A.2
  • 6
    • 1942518462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Petrosal orientation and mandibular ramus breadth: evidence of a developmental integrated petroso-mandibular unit
    • Bastir M, Rosas A, Kuroe K (2004) Petrosal orientation and mandibular ramus breadth: evidence of a developmental integrated petroso-mandibular unit. Am J Phys Anthropol 123, 340-350.
    • (2004) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.123 , pp. 340-350
    • Bastir, M.1    Rosas, A.2    Kuroe, K.3
  • 7
    • 33750380914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Craniofacial levels and the morphological maturation of the human skull
    • Bastir M, Rosas A, O'Higgins P (2006) Craniofacial levels and the morphological maturation of the human skull. J Anat 209, 637-654.
    • (2006) J Anat , vol.209 , pp. 637-654
    • Bastir, M.1    Rosas, A.2    O'Higgins, P.3
  • 8
    • 77952745913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of brain and face size on basicranial form in human and primate evolution
    • Bastir M, Rosas A, Stringer C, et al. (2010) Effects of brain and face size on basicranial form in human and primate evolution. J Hum Evol 58, 424-431.
    • (2010) J Hum Evol , vol.58 , pp. 424-431
    • Bastir, M.1    Rosas, A.2    Stringer, C.3
  • 9
    • 0020528205 scopus 로고
    • Normal and abnormal growth of the mandible. A synthesis of longitudinal cephalometric implant studies over a period of 25years
    • Björk A, Skieller V (1983) Normal and abnormal growth of the mandible. A synthesis of longitudinal cephalometric implant studies over a period of 25years. Eur J Orthod 5, 1-46.
    • (1983) Eur J Orthod , vol.5 , pp. 1-46
    • Björk, A.1    Skieller, V.2
  • 10
    • 33745977854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modularity in development and why it matters in Evo-Devo
    • Bolker JA (2000) Modularity in development and why it matters in Evo-Devo. Am Zool 40, 770-776.
    • (2000) Am Zool , vol.40 , pp. 770-776
    • Bolker, J.A.1
  • 12
    • 38149113492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biological spacetime and the temporal integration of functional modules: a case study of dento-gnathic developmental timing
    • Boughner JC, Hallgrímsson B (2008) Biological spacetime and the temporal integration of functional modules: a case study of dento-gnathic developmental timing. Dev Dyn 237, 1-17.
    • (2008) Dev Dyn , vol.237 , pp. 1-17
    • Boughner, J.C.1    Hallgrímsson, B.2
  • 13
    • 50049128221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A quantitative and descriptive approach to morphological variation of the endocranial base in modern humans
    • Bruner E, Ripani M (2008) A quantitative and descriptive approach to morphological variation of the endocranial base in modern humans. Am J Phys Anthropol 137, 30-40.
    • (2008) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.137 , pp. 30-40
    • Bruner, E.1    Ripani, M.2
  • 14
    • 0020959231 scopus 로고
    • A craniofacial growth maturity gradient for males and females between 4 and 16years of age
    • Buschang PH, Baume RM, Nass GG (1983) A craniofacial growth maturity gradient for males and females between 4 and 16years of age. Am J Phys Anthropol 61, 373-381.
    • (1983) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.61 , pp. 373-381
    • Buschang, P.H.1    Baume, R.M.2    Nass, G.G.3
  • 15
    • 18744409386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cranial-base morphology in children with class III malocclusion
    • Chang H, Hsieh S, Tseng Y, et al. (2005) Cranial-base morphology in children with class III malocclusion. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 21, 159-165.
    • (2005) Kaohsiung J Med Sci , vol.21 , pp. 159-165
    • Chang, H.1    Hsieh, S.2    Tseng, Y.3
  • 16
    • 0001618604 scopus 로고
    • Phenotypic, genetic, and environmental morphological integration in the cranium
    • Cheverud JM (1982) Phenotypic, genetic, and environmental morphological integration in the cranium. Evolution 36, 499-516.
    • (1982) Evolution , vol.36 , pp. 499-516
    • Cheverud, J.M.1
  • 17
    • 33746158977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developmental integration and the evolution of pleiotropy
    • Cheverud JM (1996) Developmental integration and the evolution of pleiotropy. Am Zool 36, 44-50.
    • (1996) Am Zool , vol.36 , pp. 44-50
    • Cheverud, J.M.1
  • 18
    • 0021775763 scopus 로고
    • A morphometric analysis of the craniofacial configuration in achondroplasia
    • Cohen MM Jr, Walker GF, Phillips C (1985) A morphometric analysis of the craniofacial configuration in achondroplasia. J Craniofac Genet Dev Biol 1(Suppl.), 139-165.
    • (1985) J Craniofac Genet Dev Biol , vol.1 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 139-165
    • Cohen Jr, M.M.1    Walker, G.F.2    Phillips, C.3
  • 20
    • 0014766666 scopus 로고
    • A comparative study of cranial growth in Homo and Macaca
    • Duterloo HS, Enlow DH (1970) A comparative study of cranial growth in Homo and Macaca. Am J Anat 127, 357-368.
    • (1970) Am J Anat , vol.127 , pp. 357-368
    • Duterloo, H.S.1    Enlow, D.H.2
  • 21
    • 0004206227 scopus 로고
    • 3rd edn. Philadelphia: Saunders.
    • Enlow DH (1990) Facial Growth, 3rd edn. Philadelphia: Saunders.
    • (1990) Facial Growth
    • Enlow, D.H.1
  • 23
    • 0014545491 scopus 로고
    • A procedure for the analysis of intrinsic facial form and growth
    • Enlow DH, Moyers RE, Hunter WS, et al. (1969) A procedure for the analysis of intrinsic facial form and growth. Am J Orthod 56, 6-23.
    • (1969) Am J Orthod , vol.56 , pp. 6-23
    • Enlow, D.H.1    Moyers, R.E.2    Hunter, W.S.3
  • 26
    • 26044467638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Skull base growth in craniosynostosis
    • Goodrich JT (2005) Skull base growth in craniosynostosis. Childs Nerv Syst 21, 871-879.
    • (2005) Childs Nerv Syst , vol.21 , pp. 871-879
    • Goodrich, J.T.1
  • 27
    • 79952743768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • dHAL Software Viewbox cephalometric software. Available at
    • dHAL Software (2009) Viewbox cephalometric software. Available at.
    • (2009)
  • 28
    • 2342652254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morphometrics for cephalometric diagnosis
    • Halazonetis DJ (2004) Morphometrics for cephalometric diagnosis. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 125, 571-581.
    • (2004) Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop , vol.125 , pp. 571-581
    • Halazonetis, D.J.1
  • 29
    • 18544394536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Craniofacial variability and modularity in macaques and mice
    • Hallgrímsson B, Willmore K, Dorval C, et al. (2004) Craniofacial variability and modularity in macaques and mice. J Exp Zool B Mol Dev Evol 302, 207-225.
    • (2004) J Exp Zool B Mol Dev Evol , vol.302 , pp. 207-225
    • Hallgrímsson, B.1    Willmore, K.2    Dorval, C.3
  • 30
    • 33846049474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epigenetic interactions and the structure of phenotypic variation in the cranium
    • Hallgrímsson B, Lieberman DE, Liu W, et al. (2007) Epigenetic interactions and the structure of phenotypic variation in the cranium. Evol Dev 9, 76-91.
    • (2007) Evol Dev , vol.9 , pp. 76-91
    • Hallgrímsson, B.1    Lieberman, D.E.2    Liu, W.3
  • 31
    • 0035348241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cephalometric digitization: a determination of the minimum scanner settings necessary for precise landmark identification
    • Held CL, Ferguson DJ, Gallo MW (2001) Cephalometric digitization: a determination of the minimum scanner settings necessary for precise landmark identification. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 119, 472-481.
    • (2001) Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop , vol.119 , pp. 472-481
    • Held, C.L.1    Ferguson, D.J.2    Gallo, M.W.3
  • 32
    • 73149090974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sutural growth restriction and modern human facial evolution: an experimental study in a pig model
    • Holton NE, Franciscus RG, Nieves MA, et al. (2010) Sutural growth restriction and modern human facial evolution: an experimental study in a pig model. J Anat 216, 48-61.
    • (2010) J Anat , vol.216 , pp. 48-61
    • Holton, N.E.1    Franciscus, R.G.2    Nieves, M.A.3
  • 33
    • 0020757171 scopus 로고
    • The analysis of errors in orthodontic measurements
    • Houston WJ (1983) The analysis of errors in orthodontic measurements. Am J Orthod 83, 382-390.
    • (1983) Am J Orthod , vol.83 , pp. 382-390
    • Houston, W.J.1
  • 34
    • 0036322042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain size and the human cranial base: a prenatal perspective
    • Jeffery N, Spoor F (2002) Brain size and the human cranial base: a prenatal perspective. Am J Phys Anthropol 118, 324-340.
    • (2002) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.118 , pp. 324-340
    • Jeffery, N.1    Spoor, F.2
  • 35
    • 0348050045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ossification and midline shape changes of the human fetal cranial base
    • Jeffery N, Spoor F (2004) Ossification and midline shape changes of the human fetal cranial base. Am J Phys Anthropol 123, 78-90.
    • (2004) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.123 , pp. 78-90
    • Jeffery, N.1    Spoor, F.2
  • 36
    • 0029315181 scopus 로고
    • Masticatory muscle influence on craniofacial growth
    • Kiliaridis S (1995) Masticatory muscle influence on craniofacial growth. Acta Odontol Scand 53, 196-202.
    • (1995) Acta Odontol Scand , vol.53 , pp. 196-202
    • Kiliaridis, S.1
  • 37
    • 33646780227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The importance of masticatory muscle function in dentofacial growth
    • Kiliaridis S (2006) The importance of masticatory muscle function in dentofacial growth. Semin Orthod 12, 110-119.
    • (2006) Semin Orthod , vol.12 , pp. 110-119
    • Kiliaridis, S.1
  • 38
    • 0026229621 scopus 로고
    • Masseter muscle thickness measured by ultrasonography and its relation to muscle morphology
    • Kiliaridis S, Kalebo P (1991) Masseter muscle thickness measured by ultrasonography and its relation to muscle morphology. J Dent Res 70, 1262-1265.
    • (1991) J Dent Res , vol.70 , pp. 1262-1265
    • Kiliaridis, S.1    Kalebo, P.2
  • 39
    • 67649986245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morphometric integration and modularity in configurations of landmarks: tools for evaluating a priori hypotheses
    • Klingenberg CP (2009) Morphometric integration and modularity in configurations of landmarks: tools for evaluating a priori hypotheses. Evol Dev 11, 405-421.
    • (2009) Evol Dev , vol.11 , pp. 405-421
    • Klingenberg, C.P.1
  • 40
    • 0027234483 scopus 로고
    • Comparative three-dimensional analysis of CT-scans of the calvaria and cranial base in Apert and Crouzon syndromes
    • Kreiborg S, Marsh JL, Cohen MM Jr, et al. (1993) Comparative three-dimensional analysis of CT-scans of the calvaria and cranial base in Apert and Crouzon syndromes. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 21, 181-188.
    • (1993) J Craniomaxillofac Surg , vol.21 , pp. 181-188
    • Kreiborg, S.1    Marsh, J.L.2    Cohen Jr, M.M.3
  • 41
    • 0033136263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ontogeny of cranial base angulation in humans and chimpanzees and its implications for reconstructing pharyngeal dimensions
    • Lieberman DE, McCarthy RC (1999) The ontogeny of cranial base angulation in humans and chimpanzees and its implications for reconstructing pharyngeal dimensions. J Hum Evol 36, 487-517.
    • (1999) J Hum Evol , vol.36 , pp. 487-517
    • Lieberman, D.E.1    McCarthy, R.C.2
  • 42
    • 0034070524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Basicranial influence on overall cranial shape
    • Lieberman DE, Pearson OM, Mowbray KM (2000a) Basicranial influence on overall cranial shape. J Hum Evol 38, 291-315.
    • (2000) J Hum Evol , vol.38 , pp. 291-315
    • Lieberman, D.E.1    Pearson, O.M.2    Mowbray, K.M.3
  • 43
  • 44
    • 44649091896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial packing, cranial base angulation, and craniofacial shape variation in the mammalian skull: testing a new model using mice
    • Lieberman DE, Hallgrímsson B, Liu W, et al. (2008) Spatial packing, cranial base angulation, and craniofacial shape variation in the mammalian skull: testing a new model using mice. J Anat 212, 720-735.
    • (2008) J Anat , vol.212 , pp. 720-735
    • Lieberman, D.E.1    Hallgrímsson, B.2    Liu, W.3
  • 45
    • 0035544555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of phenotypic variation and covariation patterns and the role of phylogeny, ecology, and ontogeny during cranial evolution of new world monkeys
    • Marroig G, Cheverud JM (2001) A comparison of phenotypic variation and covariation patterns and the role of phylogeny, ecology, and ontogeny during cranial evolution of new world monkeys. Evolution 55, 2576-2600.
    • (2001) Evolution , vol.55 , pp. 2576-2600
    • Marroig, G.1    Cheverud, J.M.2
  • 46
    • 10044297054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The postural basis of malocclusion: a philosophical overview
    • Mew JR (2004) The postural basis of malocclusion: a philosophical overview. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 126, 729-738.
    • (2004) Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop , vol.126 , pp. 729-738
    • Mew, J.R.1
  • 47
    • 38449110544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The conceptual and statistical relationship between modularity and morphological integration
    • Mitteroecker P, Bookstein F (2007) The conceptual and statistical relationship between modularity and morphological integration. Syst Biol 56, 818-836.
    • (2007) Syst Biol , vol.56 , pp. 818-836
    • Mitteroecker, P.1    Bookstein, F.2
  • 48
    • 0033084978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multivariate regression models and geometric morphometrics: the search for causal factors in the analysis of shape
    • Monteiro LR (1999) Multivariate regression models and geometric morphometrics: the search for causal factors in the analysis of shape. Syst Biol 48, 192-199.
    • (1999) Syst Biol , vol.48 , pp. 192-199
    • Monteiro, L.R.1
  • 49
    • 70350338005 scopus 로고
    • A functional approach to craniology
    • Moss ML, Young RW (1960) A functional approach to craniology. Am J Phys Anthropol 18, 281-292.
    • (1960) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.18 , pp. 281-292
    • Moss, M.L.1    Young, R.W.2
  • 50
    • 0033662265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cranial sutures as intramembranous bone growth sites
    • Opperman LA (2000) Cranial sutures as intramembranous bone growth sites. Dev Dyn 219, 472-485.
    • (2000) Dev Dyn , vol.219 , pp. 472-485
    • Opperman, L.A.1
  • 51
    • 38449100418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in cranial base morphology in different malocclusions
    • Polat OO, Kaya B (2007) Changes in cranial base morphology in different malocclusions. Orthod Craniofac Res 10, 216-221.
    • (2007) Orthod Craniofac Res , vol.10 , pp. 216-221
    • Polat, O.O.1    Kaya, B.2
  • 52
    • 43449093174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cranial base features in skeletal class III patients
    • Proff P, Will F, Bokan I, et al. (2008) Cranial base features in skeletal class III patients. Angle Orthod 78, 433-439.
    • (2008) Angle Orthod , vol.78 , pp. 433-439
    • Proff, P.1    Will, F.2    Bokan, I.3
  • 53
    • 0031609505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need in the United States: estimates from the NHANES III survey
    • Proffit WR, Fields HW Jr, Moray LJ (1998) Prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need in the United States: estimates from the NHANES III survey. Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg 13, 97-106.
    • (1998) Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg , vol.13 , pp. 97-106
    • Proffit, W.R.1    Fields Jr, H.W.2    Moray, L.J.3
  • 55
    • 0030116837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Masseter muscle thickness in growing individuals and its relation to facial morphology
    • Raadsheer MC, Kiliaridis S, Van Eijden TM, et al. (1996) Masseter muscle thickness in growing individuals and its relation to facial morphology. Arch Oral Biol 41, 323-332.
    • (1996) Arch Oral Biol , vol.41 , pp. 323-332
    • Raadsheer, M.C.1    Kiliaridis, S.2    Van Eijden, T.M.3
  • 56
    • 0003042557 scopus 로고
    • Rotational fit (Procrustes) methods
    • (eds Rohlf FJ, Bookstein FL) -, Michigan: University of Michigan Museum of Zoology.
    • Rohlf FJ (1990) Rotational fit (Procrustes) methods. In Proceedings of the Michigan Morphometrics Workshop (eds Rohlf FJ, Bookstein FL), pp. 227-236, Michigan: University of Michigan Museum of Zoology.
    • (1990) Proceedings of the Michigan Morphometrics Workshop , pp. 227-236
    • Rohlf, F.J.1
  • 57
    • 0002416668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morphometric spaces, shape components and the effects of linear transformations
    • (ed. Marcus LF) -, New York: Plenum Press.
    • Rohlf FJ (1996) Morphometric spaces, shape components and the effects of linear transformations. In Advances in Morphometrics (ed. Marcus LF), pp. 117-128, New York: Plenum Press.
    • (1996) Advances in Morphometrics , pp. 117-128
    • Rohlf, F.J.1
  • 58
    • 68049097158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stony Brook, New York: Department of Ecology and Evolution, State University.
    • Rohlf FJ (2006) tpsPLS. Stony Brook, New York: Department of Ecology and Evolution, State University.
    • (2006) tpsPLS
    • Rohlf, F.J.1
  • 59
    • 79952749961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stony Brook, New York: Department of Ecology and Evolution, State University.
    • Rohlf FJ (2009) tpsRegr. Stony Brook, New York: Department of Ecology and Evolution, State University.
    • (2009) tpsRegr
    • Rohlf, F.J.1
  • 60
    • 0034351393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of two-block partial least-squares to study covariation in shape
    • Rohlf FJ, Corti M (2000) Use of two-block partial least-squares to study covariation in shape. Syst Biol 49, 740-753.
    • (2000) Syst Biol , vol.49 , pp. 740-753
    • Rohlf, F.J.1    Corti, M.2
  • 61
    • 60649101640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morphological integration at 50: patterns and processes of integration in biological anthropology
    • Rolian C, Willmore KE (2009) Morphological integration at 50: patterns and processes of integration in biological anthropology. Evol Dev 36, 1-4.
    • (2009) Evol Dev , vol.36 , pp. 1-4
    • Rolian, C.1    Willmore, K.E.2
  • 62
    • 0036178324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thin-plate spline analysis of allometry and sexual dimorphism in the human craniofacial complex
    • Rosas A, Bastir M (2002) Thin-plate spline analysis of allometry and sexual dimorphism in the human craniofacial complex. Am J Phys Anthropol 117, 236-245.
    • (2002) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.117 , pp. 236-245
    • Rosas, A.1    Bastir, M.2
  • 63
    • 47249119203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thin-plate spline analysis of the cranial base in African, Asian and European populations and its relationship with different malocclusions
    • Rosas A, Bastir M, Alarcón JA, et al. (2008) Thin-plate spline analysis of the cranial base in African, Asian and European populations and its relationship with different malocclusions. Arch Oral Biol 53, 826-834.
    • (2008) Arch Oral Biol , vol.53 , pp. 826-834
    • Rosas, A.1    Bastir, M.2    Alarcón, J.A.3
  • 64
    • 34748869068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Allometries throughout the late prenatal and early postnatal human craniofacial ontogeny
    • Sardi ML, Ventrice F, Ramírez Rozzi F (2007) Allometries throughout the late prenatal and early postnatal human craniofacial ontogeny. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 290, 1112-1120.
    • (2007) Anat Rec (Hoboken) , vol.290 , pp. 1112-1120
    • Sardi, M.L.1    Ventrice, F.2    Ramírez Rozzi, F.3
  • 65
  • 67
    • 79952747931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IMP, integrated morphometric package. Available at
    • Sheets HD (2006) IMP, integrated morphometric package. Available at.
    • (2006)
    • Sheets, H.D.1
  • 68
    • 43249113307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative genetics of modern human cranial variation
    • Sherwood RJ, Duren DL, Demerath EW, et al. (2008) Quantitative genetics of modern human cranial variation. J Hum Evol 54, 909-914.
    • (2008) J Hum Evol , vol.54 , pp. 909-914
    • Sherwood, R.J.1    Duren, D.L.2    Demerath, E.W.3
  • 69
    • 33744904697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Craniofacial development in marsupial mammals: developmental origins of evolutionary change
    • Smith KK (2006) Craniofacial development in marsupial mammals: developmental origins of evolutionary change. Dev Dyn 235, 1181-1193.
    • (2006) Dev Dyn , vol.235 , pp. 1181-1193
    • Smith, K.K.1
  • 70
    • 0036160840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dura mater biology: autocrine and paracrine effects of fibroblast growth factor 2
    • Spector JA, Greenwald JA, Warren SM, et al. (2002) Dura mater biology: autocrine and paracrine effects of fibroblast growth factor 2. Plast Reconstr Surg 109, 645-654.
    • (2002) Plast Reconstr Surg , vol.109 , pp. 645-654
    • Spector, J.A.1    Greenwald, J.A.2    Warren, S.M.3
  • 72
    • 0002484819 scopus 로고
    • Adolescent growth and development of monkeys, apes and humans
    • (ed. Watts ES) -, New York: Alan R. Liss.
    • Watts ES (1985) Adolescent growth and development of monkeys, apes and humans. In Nonhuman Primate Models for Human Growth and Development (ed. Watts ES), pp. 41-65, New York: Alan R. Liss.
    • (1985) Nonhuman Primate Models for Human Growth and Development , pp. 41-65
    • Watts, E.S.1
  • 73
    • 0035374608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetics of craniofacial development and malformation
    • Wilkie AO, Morriss-Kay GM (2001) Genetics of craniofacial development and malformation. Nat Rev Genet 2, 458-468.
    • (2001) Nat Rev Genet , vol.2 , pp. 458-468
    • Wilkie, A.O.1    Morriss-Kay, G.M.2
  • 74
    • 0035746042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extrinsic tension results in FGF-2 release, membrane permeability change, and intracellular Ca11 increase in immature cranial sutures
    • Yu JC, Lucas JH, Fryberg K, et al. (2001) Extrinsic tension results in FGF-2 release, membrane permeability change, and intracellular Ca11 increase in immature cranial sutures. J Craniofac Surg 12, 391-398.
    • (2001) J Craniofac Surg , vol.12 , pp. 391-398
    • Yu, J.C.1    Lucas, J.H.2    Fryberg, K.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.