메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 5, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 45-56

Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in South Asians

Author keywords

Cardiovascular disease; South Asians; Type 2 diabetes

Indexed keywords

ADIPOSE TISSUE; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE; CULTURAL FACTOR; DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY; DIABETIC RETINOPATHY; EARLY DIAGNOSIS; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; ETHNICITY; GENE INTERACTION; HEART FAILURE; HUMAN; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; HYPERTENSION; INSULIN RESISTANCE; ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE; LIFESTYLE; LIFESTYLE MODIFICATION; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; OBESITY; PASSIVE SMOKING; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; REVIEW; SCREENING TEST; SOCIAL ASPECT; SOUTH ASIA; STROKE;

EID: 79952709075     PISSN: 17519918     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.pcd.2010.08.002     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (151)

References (151)
  • 2
    • 27644573085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Available from: accessed 17.07.09
    • The World Health Organisation, Cardiovascular diseases. Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs317/en/index.html, 2007 (accessed 17.07.09).
    • (2007) Cardiovascular Diseases
  • 3
    • 67649188454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Available from: accessed 17.07.09
    • International Diabetes Federation, Facts and Figures. Available from: http://www.idf.org/node/1130?uncode=B96906B-C0262FD3-87B73F80BC22682A, 2006 (accessed 17.07.09).
    • (2006) Facts and Figures
  • 4
    • 2942592213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular disease in non-western countries
    • DOI 10.1056/NEJMp048024
    • K.S. Reddy, Cardiovascular disease in non-western countries, N. Engl. J. Med. 350 (2004) 2438-2440. (Pubitemid 38736540)
    • (2004) New England Journal of Medicine , vol.350 , Issue.24 , pp. 2438-2440
    • Reddy, K.S.1
  • 5
    • 0022406686 scopus 로고
    • The Southall Diabetes Survey: Prevalence of known diabetes in Asians and Europeans
    • H. Mather, H. Keen, The Southall Diabetes Survey: prevalence of known diabetes in Asians and Europeans, Br. Med. J. (Clin. Res. Ed.) 291 (1985) 1081-1084. (Pubitemid 16240975)
    • (1985) British Medical Journal , vol.291 , Issue.6502 , pp. 1081-1084
    • Mather, H.M.1    Keen, H.2
  • 6
    • 0031952642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality and morbidity from diabetes in South Asians and Europeans: 11- Year follow-up of the Southall Diabetes Survey, London, UK
    • DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9136(199801)15:1<53::AID-DIA521>3.0.CO;2-V
    • H.M. Mather, N. Chaturvedi, J.H. Fuller, Mortality and morbidity from diabetes in South Asians and Europeans: 11-year follow-up of the Southall Diabetes Survey, London, UK, Diabet. Med. 15 (1998) 53-59. (Pubitemid 28113999)
    • (1998) Diabetic Medicine , vol.15 , Issue.1 , pp. 53-59
    • Mather, H.M.1    Chaturvedi, N.2    Fuller, J.H.3
  • 8
    • 34250859244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do known risk factors explain the higher coronary heart disease mortality in South Asian compared with European men? Prospective follow-up of the Southall and Brent studies, UK
    • N.G. Forouhi, N. Sattar, T. Tillin, P.M. McKeigue, et al., Do known risk factors explain the higher coronary heart disease mortality in South Asian compared with European men? Prospective follow-up of the Southall and Brent studies, UK, Diabetologia 49 (2006) 2580-2588.
    • (2006) Diabetologia , vol.49 , pp. 2580-2588
    • Forouhi, N.G.1    Sattar, N.2    Tillin, T.3    McKeigue, P.M.4
  • 9
    • 41149124466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends for coronary heart disease and stroke mortality among migrants in England and Wales, 1979-2003: Slow declines notable for some groups
    • S. Harding, M. Rosato, A. Teyhan, Trends for coronary heart disease and stroke mortality among migrants in England and Wales, 1979-2003: slow declines notable for some groups, Heart 94 (2008) 463-470.
    • (2008) Heart , vol.94 , pp. 463-470
    • Harding, S.1    Rosato, M.2    Teyhan, A.3
  • 12
    • 33750932141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The burden of cardiovascular disease in the Indian subcontinent
    • A. Goyal, S. Yusuf, The burden of cardiovascular disease in the Indian subcontinent, Indian J. Med. Res. 124 (2006) 235-244. (Pubitemid 44734280)
    • (2006) Indian Journal of Medical Research , vol.124 , Issue.3 , pp. 235-244
    • Goyal, A.1    Yusuf, S.2
  • 13
    • 23644453125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heart disease epidemic in Pakistan: Women and men at equal risk
    • T.H. Jafar, F.H. Jafary, S. Jessani, N. Chaturvedi, et al., Heart disease epidemic in Pakistan: women and men at equal risk, Am. Heart J. 150 (2005) 221-226.
    • (2005) Am. Heart J. , vol.150 , pp. 221-226
    • Jafar, T.H.1    Jafary, F.H.2    Jessani, S.3    Chaturvedi, N.4
  • 14
    • 0026089570 scopus 로고
    • Relation of central obesity and insulin resistance with high diabetes prevalence and cardiovascular risk in South Asians
    • P.M. McKeigue, B. Shah, M.G. Marmot, Relation of central obesity and insulin resistance with high diabetes prevalence and cardiovascular risk in South Asians, Lancet 337 (1991) 382-386.
    • (1991) Lancet , vol.337 , pp. 382-386
    • McKeigue, P.M.1    Shah, B.2    Marmot, M.G.3
  • 15
    • 38349107099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • It's time to reappraise recruitment of South Asians to clinical trials
    • B.D. Gammon, A. Gunarathne, It's time to reappraise recruitment of South Asians to clinical trials, BMJ 336 (2008) 46.
    • (2008) BMJ , vol.336 , pp. 46
    • Gammon, B.D.1    Gunarathne, A.2
  • 17
    • 56749165330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular risk in South Asians
    • R. Ramaraj, P. Chellappa, Cardiovascular risk in South Asians, Postgrad. Med. J. 84 (2008) 518-523.
    • (2008) Postgrad. Med. J. , vol.84 , pp. 518-523
    • Ramaraj, R.1    Chellappa, P.2
  • 22
    • 66149131064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetes in Asia: Epidemiology, risk factors, and pathophysiology
    • J.C. Chan, V. Malik, W. Jia, T. Kadowaki, et al., Diabetes in Asia: epidemiology, risk factors, and pathophysiology, JAMA 301 (2009) 2129-21340.
    • (2009) JAMA , vol.301 , pp. 2129-21340
    • Chan, J.C.1    Malik, V.2    Jia, W.3    Kadowaki, T.4
  • 23
    • 0024592355 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of diabetes in a predominantly Asian community: Preliminary findings of the Coventry diabetes study
    • D. Simmons, D.R. Williams, M.J. Powell, Prevalence of diabetes in a predominantly Asian community: preliminary findings of the Coventry diabetes study, BMJ 298 (1989) 18-21. (Pubitemid 19022881)
    • (1989) British Medical Journal , vol.298 , Issue.6665 , pp. 18-21
    • Simmons, D.1    Williams, D.R.R.2    Powell, M.J.3
  • 24
    • 77954262690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The potential impact of using glycated haemoglobin as the preferred diagnostic tool for detecting type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • S.A. Mostafa, M.J. Davies, D.R. Webb, L.J. Gray, B.T. Srinivasan, et al., The potential impact of using glycated haemoglobin as the preferred diagnostic tool for detecting type 2 diabetes mellitus, Diabet. Med. 27 (2010) 762-769.
    • (2010) Diabet. Med. , vol.27 , pp. 762-769
    • Mostafa, S.A.1    Davies, M.J.2    Webb, D.R.3    Gray, L.J.4    Srinivasan, B.T.5
  • 26
    • 66649113843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health care needs assessments: Black and minority ethnic groups
    • J. Raftery (Ed.), third series, Radcliffe Medical Press Ltd., Abingdon, published online at
    • P.S. Gill, J. Kai, R.S. Bhopal, S. Wild, Health care needs assessments: Black and minority ethnic groups, in: J. Raftery (Ed.), Heath Care Needs Assessments. The Epidemiologically based Needs Assessment Review, third series, Radcliffe Medical Press Ltd., Abingdon, 2004, published online at: http://hcna.radcliffeoxford.com/bemgframe.htm.
    • (2004) Heath Care Needs Assessments. The Epidemiologically Based Needs Assessment Review
    • Gill, P.S.1    Kai, J.2    Bhopal, R.S.3    Wild, S.4
  • 27
    • 0029432291 scopus 로고
    • Ethnicity and variations in the nation's health
    • R. Balarajan, Ethnicity and variations in the nation's health, Health Trends 27 (1995-1996) 114-119.
    • (1995) Health Trends , vol.27 , pp. 114-119
    • Balarajan, R.1
  • 28
    • 34548490585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality from all causes and circulatory disease by country of birth in England and Wales 2001-2003
    • S.H. Wild, C. Fischbacher, A. Brock, C. Griffiths, et al., Mortality from all causes and circulatory disease by country of birth in England and Wales 2001-2003, J. Public Health 29 (2007) 191-198.
    • (2007) J. Public Health , vol.29 , pp. 191-198
    • Wild, S.H.1    Fischbacher, C.2    Brock, A.3    Griffiths, C.4
  • 29
    • 0033600427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heterogeneity of coronary heart disease risk factors in Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, and European origin populations: Cross sectional study
    • R. Bhopal, N. Unwin, M. White, J. Yallop, et al., Heterogeneity of coronary heart disease risk factors in Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, and European origin populations: cross sectional study, BMJ 319 (1999) 215-220.
    • (1999) BMJ , vol.319 , pp. 215-220
    • Bhopal, R.1    Unwin, N.2    White, M.3    Yallop, J.4
  • 31
    • 0036204494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors, hospital management and outcomes after acute myocardial infarction in South Asian Canadians and matched control subjects
    • M. Gupta, A.V. Doobay, N. Singh, S.S. Anand, et al., Risk factors, hospital management and outcomes after acute myocardial infarction in South Asian Canadians and matched control subjects, CMAJ 166 (2002) 717-722.
    • (2002) CMAJ , vol.166 , pp. 717-722
    • Gupta, M.1    Doobay, A.V.2    Singh, N.3    Anand, S.S.4
  • 32
    • 0029974388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of case fatality in south Asian and white patients after acute myocardial infarction: Observational study
    • P. Wilkinson, J. Sayer, K. Laji, C. Grundy, et al., Comparison of case fatality in south Asian and white patients after acute myocardial infarction: observational study, BMJ 312 (25) (1996) 1330-1333. (Pubitemid 26158303)
    • (1996) British Medical Journal , vol.312 , Issue.7042 , pp. 1330-1333
    • Wilkinson, P.1    Sayer, J.2    Laji, K.3    Grundy, C.4    Marchant, B.5    Kopelman, P.6    Timmis, A.D.7
  • 33
    • 44949245018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Baseline characteristics and risk of progression from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes in a multiethnic, population based screening
    • B.T. Srinivasan, M.J. Davies, D.Webb, E. Healey, A. Farooqi, S. Hiles, Baseline characteristics and risk of progression from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes in a multiethnic, population based screening, Diabet. Med. 24 (suppl1) (2007) 51.
    • (2007) Diabet. Med. , vol.24 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 51
    • Srinivasan, B.T.1    Davies, M.J.2    Webb, D.3    Healey, E.4    Farooqi, A.5    Hiles, S.6
  • 34
    • 33846247536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transient and persistent impaired glucose tolerance and progression to diabetes in South Asians and Europeans: New, large studies are a priority [1]
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2007.02007.x
    • J.C. Oldroyd, J. Yallop, C. Fischbacher, R. Bhopal, et al., Transient and persistent impaired glucose tolerance and progression to diabetes in South Asians and Europeans: new, large studies are a priority, Diabet. Med. 24 (2007) 98-99. (Pubitemid 46103079)
    • (2007) Diabetic Medicine , vol.24 , Issue.1 , pp. 98-99
    • Oldroyd, J.C.1    Yallop, J.2    Fischbacher, C.3    Bhopal, R.4    Chamley, J.5    Ayis, S.6    Alberti, K.G.M.M.7    Unwin, N.C.8
  • 35
    • 77952092870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of metabolic indices on central artery stiffness: Independent association of insulin resistance and glucose with aortic pulse wave velocity
    • D.R. Webb, K. Khunti, R. Silverman, L.J. Gray, B.T. Srinivasan, et al., Impact of metabolic indices on central artery stiffness: independent association of insulin resistance and glucose with aortic pulse wave velocity, Diabetologia 53 (2010) 1190-11198.
    • (2010) Diabetologia , vol.53 , pp. 1190-11198
    • Webb, D.R.1    Khunti, K.2    Silverman, R.3    Gray, L.J.4    Srinivasan, B.T.5
  • 37
    • 7544224325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The prevalence of abnormal glucose regulation in patients with coronary artery disease across Europe: The Euro Heart Survey on diabetes and the heart
    • DOI 10.1016/j.ehj.2004.07.027, PII S0195668X04005147
    • M. Bartnik, L. Ryden, R. Ferrari, K. Malmberg, et al., The prevalence of abnormal glucose regulation in patients with coronary artery disease across Europe. The Euro Heart Survey on diabetes and the heart, Eur. Heart. J. 25 (2004) 1880-1890. (Pubitemid 39452604)
    • (2004) European Heart Journal , vol.25 , Issue.21 , pp. 1880-1890
    • Bartnik, M.1    Ryden, L.2    Ferrari, R.3    Malmberg, K.4    Pyorala, K.5    Simoons, M.6    Standl, E.7    Soler-Soler, J.8    Ohrvik, J.9
  • 39
    • 0026728739 scopus 로고
    • Insulin resistance, diabetes, and risk markers for ischaemic heart disease in Asian men and non-Asian in Bradford
    • T.M. Knight, Z. Smith, A. Whittles, P. Sahota, et al., Insulin resistance, diabetes, and risk markers for ischaemic heart disease in Asian men and non-Asian in Bradford, Br. Heart J. 67 (1992) 343-350.
    • (1992) Br. Heart J. , vol.67 , pp. 343-350
    • Knight, T.M.1    Smith, Z.2    Whittles, A.3    Sahota, P.4
  • 40
    • 0025785704 scopus 로고
    • Central rather than generalized obesity is related to hyperglycaemia in Asian Indian subjects
    • K.M. Shelgikar, T.D. Hockaday, C.S. Yajnik, Central rather than generalized obesity is related to hyperglycaemia in Asian Indian subjects, Diabet. Med. 8 (1991) 712-717.
    • (1991) Diabet. Med. , vol.8 , pp. 712-717
    • Shelgikar, K.M.1    Hockaday, T.D.2    Yajnik, C.S.3
  • 41
    • 0035990656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The lifecycle effects of nutrition and body size on adult adiposity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease
    • DOI 10.1046/j.1467-789X.2002.00072.x
    • C.S. Yajnik, The lifecycle effects of nutrition and body size on adult adiposity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease, Obes. Rev. 3 (2002) 217-224. (Pubitemid 34815242)
    • (2002) Obesity Reviews , vol.3 , Issue.3 , pp. 217-224
    • Yajnik, C.S.1
  • 43
    • 48649086170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of metabolic and vascular disease in South Asians: Potential mechanisms for increased insulin resistance
    • L.M.L. Hall, N. Sattar, J.M.R. Gill, Risk of metabolic and vascular disease in South Asians: potential mechanisms for increased insulin resistance, Future Lipidol. 3 (2008) 411-424.
    • (2008) Future Lipidol. , vol.3 , pp. 411-424
    • Hall, L.M.L.1    Sattar, N.2    Gill, J.M.R.3
  • 44
  • 45
    • 40949109378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The metabolic syndrome and dyslipidemia among Asian Indians: A population with high rates of diabetes and premature coronary artery disease
    • E.A. Enas, V. Mohan, M. Deepa, S. Farooq, et al., The metabolic syndrome and dyslipidemia among Asian Indians: a population with high rates of diabetes and premature coronary artery disease, J. Cardiometab. Syndr. 2 (2007) 267-275.
    • (2007) J. Cardiometab. Syndr. , vol.2 , pp. 267-275
    • Enas, E.A.1    Mohan, V.2    Deepa, M.3    Farooq, S.4
  • 46
    • 51349141684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Pakistan
    • A. Basit, A.S. Shera, Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Pakistan, Metab. Syndr. Relat. Disord. 6 (2008) 171-175.
    • (2008) Metab. Syndr. Relat. Disord. , vol.6 , pp. 171-175
    • Basit, A.1    Shera, A.S.2
  • 47
    • 34249297625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The metabolic syndrome in South Asians: Continuing escalation & possible solutions
    • A. Misra, R. Misra, M. Wijesuriya, D. Banerjee, et al., The metabolic syndrome in South Asians: continuing escalation & possible solutions, Indian J. Med. Res. 125 (2007) 345-354. (Pubitemid 46805451)
    • (2007) Indian Journal of Medical Research , vol.125 , Issue.3 , pp. 345-354
    • Misra, A.1    Misra, R.2    Wijesuriya, M.3    Banerjee, D.4
  • 48
    • 60349093193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The International Diabetes Federation writing group, International Diabetes Federation
    • The International Diabetes Federation writing group, The IDF Worldwide Consensus Definition of the Metabolic Syndrome, International Diabetes Federation, 2006.
    • (2006) The IDF Worldwide Consensus Definition of the Metabolic Syndrome
  • 49
    • 0033101684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship of glucose and insulin levels to the risk of myocardial infarction: A case-control study
    • H.C. Gerstein, P. Pais, J. Pogue, S. Yusuf, et al., Relationship of glucose and insulin levels to the risk of myocardial infarction: a case-control study, J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 33 (1999) 612-619.
    • (1999) J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. , vol.33 , pp. 612-619
    • Gerstein, H.C.1    Pais, P.2    Pogue, J.3    Yusuf, S.4
  • 50
    • 68949123244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consensus statement for diagnosis of obesity, abdominal obesity and the metabolic syndrome for Asian Indians and recommendations for physical activity, medical and surgical management
    • A. Misra, P. Chowbey, B.M. Makkar, N.K. Vikram, et al., Consensus statement for diagnosis of obesity, abdominal obesity and the metabolic syndrome for Asian Indians and recommendations for physical activity, medical and surgical management, J. Assoc. Phys. India 57 (2009) 163-170.
    • (2009) J. Assoc. Phys. India , vol.57 , pp. 163-170
    • Misra, A.1    Chowbey, P.2    Makkar, B.M.3    Vikram, N.K.4
  • 53
    • 35148881136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethnic and gender differences in body fat in British schoolchildren as measured by DXA
    • DOI 10.1136/adc.2007.117911
    • N.J. Shaw, N.J. Crabtree, M.S. Kibirige, J.N. Fordham, et al., Ethnic and gender differences in body fat in British schoolchildren as measured by DXA, Arch. Dis. Child. 92 (2007) 872-875. (Pubitemid 47535447)
    • (2007) Archives of Disease in Childhood , vol.92 , Issue.10 , pp. 872-875
    • Shaw, N.J.1    Crabtree, N.J.2    Kibirige, M.S.3    Fordham, J.N.4
  • 54
    • 24044511502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • British South Asians aged 13-16 years have higher fasting glucose and insulin levels than Europeans
    • P.H. Whincup, J.A. Gilg, C.G. Owen, K. Odoki, et al., British South Asians aged 13-16 years have higher fasting glucose and insulin levels than Europeans, Diabet. Med. 22 (2005) 1275-1277.
    • (2005) Diabet. Med. , vol.22 , pp. 1275-1277
    • Whincup, P.H.1    Gilg, J.A.2    Owen, C.G.3    Odoki, K.4
  • 55
    • 0037117094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early evidence of ethnic differences in cardiovascular risk: Cross sectional comparison of British South Asian and white children
    • P.H. Whincup, J.A. Gilg, O. Papacosta, C. Seymour, et al., Early evidence of ethnic differences in cardiovascular risk: cross sectional comparison of British South Asian and white children, BMJ 324 (2002) 635.
    • (2002) BMJ , vol.324 , pp. 635
    • Whincup, P.H.1    Gilg, J.A.2    Papacosta, O.3    Seymour, C.4
  • 57
    • 0348230971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early Life Origins of Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes in India and Other Asian Countries
    • C.S. Yajnik, Early life origins of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in India and other Asian countries, J. Nutr. 134 (2004) 205-210. (Pubitemid 38057450)
    • (2004) Journal of Nutrition , vol.134 , Issue.1 , pp. 205-210
    • Yajnik, C.S.1
  • 58
    • 34748914589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Newborn size, infant and childhood growth, and body composition and cardiovascular disease risk factors at the age of 6 years: The Pune Maternal Nutrition Study
    • Lond.
    • C.V. Joglekar, C.H. Fall, V.U. Deshpande, N. Joshi, et al., Newborn size, infant and childhood growth, and body composition and cardiovascular disease risk factors at the age of 6 years: the Pune Maternal Nutrition Study, Int. J. Obes. (Lond.) 31 (2007) 1344-1534.
    • (2007) Int. J. Obes. , vol.31 , pp. 1344-1534
    • Joglekar, C.V.1    Fall, C.H.2    Deshpande, V.U.3    Joshi, N.4
  • 59
    • 70349566593 scopus 로고
    • Diabetes mellitus: A "thrifty" genotype rendered detrimental by progress?
    • J.V. Neel, Diabetes mellitus: a "thrifty" genotype rendered detrimental by progress? Am. J. Hum. Genet. 14 (1962) 353-362.
    • (1962) Am. J. Hum. Genet. , vol.14 , pp. 353-362
    • Neel, J.V.1
  • 60
    • 0026772772 scopus 로고
    • Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus: The thrifty phenotype hypothesis
    • C.N. Hales, D.J. Barker, Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus: the thrifty phenotype hypothesis, Diabetologia 35 (1992) 595-601.
    • (1992) Diabetologia , vol.35 , pp. 595-601
    • Hales, C.N.1    Barker, D.J.2
  • 61
    • 0035120189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The insulin resistance epidemic in India: Fetal origins later lifestyle, or both?
    • C.S. Yajnik, The insulin resistance epidemic in India: foetal origins, later lifestyle, or both? Nutr. Rev. 59 (2001) 1-9. (Pubitemid 32193238)
    • (2001) Nutrition Reviews , vol.59 , Issue.1 I , pp. 1-9
    • Yajnik, C.S.1
  • 62
    • 49349096698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maternal nutrition, intrauterine programming and consequential risks in the offspring
    • C.S. Yajnik, U.S. Deshmukh, Maternal nutrition, intrauterine programming and consequential risks in the offspring, Rev. Endocr. Metab. Disord. 9 (2008) 203-211.
    • (2008) Rev. Endocr. Metab. Disord. , vol.9 , pp. 203-211
    • Yajnik, C.S.1    Deshmukh, U.S.2
  • 65
    • 34447296736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why might South Asians be so susceptible to central obesity and its atherogenic consequences? The adipose tissue overflow hypothesis
    • A.D. Sniderman, R. Bhopal, D. Prabhakaran, N. Sarrafzadegan, et al., Why might South Asians be so susceptible to central obesity and its atherogenic consequences? The adipose tissue overflow hypothesis, Int. J. Epidemiol. 36 (2007) 220-225.
    • (2007) Int. J. Epidemiol. , vol.36 , pp. 220-225
    • Sniderman, A.D.1    Bhopal, R.2    Prabhakaran, D.3    Sarrafzadegan, N.4
  • 66
    • 0037333159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apolipoproteins versus lipids as indices of coronary risk and as targets for statin treatment
    • DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12663-3
    • A.D. Sniderman, C.D. Furberg, A. Keech, J.E. Roeters van Lennep, et al., Apolipoproteins versus lipids as indices of coronary risk and as targets for statin treatment, Lancet 361 (2003) 777-780. (Pubitemid 36293636)
    • (2003) Lancet , vol.361 , Issue.9359 , pp. 777-780
    • Sniderman, A.D.1    Furberg, C.D.2    Keech, A.3    Roeters, V.L.J.E.4    Frohlich, J.5    Jungner, I.6    Walldius, G.7
  • 68
    • 47149103896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins as risk markers of myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): A case-control study
    • M.J. McQueen, S. Hawken, X. Wang, S. Ounpuu, et al., Lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins as risk markers of myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): a case-control study, Lancet 372 (2008) 224-233.
    • (2008) Lancet , vol.372 , pp. 224-233
    • McQueen, M.J.1    Hawken, S.2    Wang, X.3    Ounpuu, S.4
  • 69
    • 58149301488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipid profile, plasma apolipoproteins, and risk of a first myocardial infarction among Asians: An analysis from the INTERHEART study
    • G. Karthikeyan, K.K. Teo, S. Islam, M.J. McQueen, et al., Lipid profile, plasma apolipoproteins, and risk of a first myocardial infarction among Asians: an analysis from the INTERHEART study, J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 53 (2009) 244-253.
    • (2009) J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. , vol.53 , pp. 244-253
    • Karthikeyan, G.1    Teo, K.K.2    Islam, S.3    McQueen, M.J.4
  • 71
    • 0036867707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is the blood pressure of South Asian adults in the UK higher or lower than that in European white adults? A review of cross-sectional data
    • C. Agyemang, R.S. Bhopal, Is the blood pressure of South Asian adults in the UK higher or lower than that in European white adults? A review of cross-sectional data, J. Hum. Hypertens. 16 (2002) 739-751.
    • (2002) J. Hum. Hypertens. , vol.16 , pp. 739-751
    • Agyemang, C.1    Bhopal, R.S.2
  • 72
    • 39849084356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethnic differences in myocardial infarction in patients with hypertension: Effects of diabetes mellitus
    • DOI 10.1093/qjmed/hcm151
    • J.V. Patel, H.S. Lim, A. Gunarathne, I. Tracey, et al., Ethnic differences in myocardial infarction in patients with hypertension: effects of diabetes mellitus, QJM 101 (2008) 231-236. (Pubitemid 351315013)
    • (2008) QJM , vol.101 , Issue.3 , pp. 231-236
    • Patel, J.V.1    Lim, H.S.2    Gunarathne, A.3    Tracey, I.4    Durrington, P.N.5    Hughes, E.A.6    Lip, G.Y.H.7
  • 73
    • 0034065507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular risks and outcomes: Ethnic variations in hypertensive patients
    • R. Bhopal, S. Sengupta-Wiebe, Cardiovascular risks and outcomes: ethnic variations in hypertensive patients, Heart 83 (2000) 495-496. (Pubitemid 30316708)
    • (2000) Heart , vol.83 , Issue.5 , pp. 495-496
    • Bhopal, R.1    Sengupta-Wiebe, S.2
  • 74
    • 0034022026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial variation in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in essential hypertension
    • R.S. Khattar, J.D. Swales, R. Senior, A. Lahiri, Racial variation in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in essential hypertension, BMJ 83 (2000) 267-271. (Pubitemid 30313326)
    • (2000) Heart , vol.83 , Issue.3 , pp. 267-271
    • Khattar, R.S.1    Swales, J.D.2    Senior, R.3    Lahiri, A.4
  • 77
    • 43849084661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhanced diabetes care to patients of south Asian ethnic origin (the United Kingdom Asian Diabetes Study): A cluster randomised controlled trial
    • DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60764-3, PII S0140673608607643
    • S. Bellary, J.P. O'Hare, N.T. Raymond, A. Gumber, et al., Enhanced diabetes care to patients of south Asian ethnic origin (the United Kingdom Asian Diabetes Study): a cluster randomised controlled trial, Lancet 371 (2008) 1769-1776. (Pubitemid 351697952)
    • (2008) The Lancet , vol.371 , Issue.9626 , pp. 1769-1776
    • Bellary, S.1    O'Hare, J.2    Raymond, N.3    Gumber, A.4    Mughal, S.5    Szczepura, A.6    Kumar, S.7    Barnett, A.8
  • 78
    • 34547842327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethnicity and quality of diabetes care in a health system with universal coverage: Population-based cross-sectional survey in primary care
    • DOI 10.1007/s11606-007-0267-4
    • J. Gray, C. Millett, S. Saxena, G. Netuveli, et al., Ethnicity and quality of diabetes care in a health system with universal coverage: population-based cross-sectional survey in primary care, J. Gen. Intern. Med. 22 (2007) 1317-1320. (Pubitemid 47247303)
    • (2007) Journal of General Internal Medicine , vol.22 , Issue.9 , pp. 1317-1320
    • Gray, J.1    Millett, C.2    Saxena, S.3    Netuveli, G.4    Khunti, K.5    Majeed, A.6
  • 79
    • 0021275625 scopus 로고
    • Lessons from the study of immigrant mortality
    • M.G. Marmot, A.M. Adelstein, L. Bulusu, Lessons from the study of immigrant mortality, Lancet 1 (1984) 1455-1457.
    • (1984) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 1455-1457
    • Marmot, M.G.1    Adelstein, A.M.2    Bulusu, L.3
  • 80
    • 41149098102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular disease mortality in relation to childhood and adulthood socioeconomic markers in British South Asian men
    • DOI 10.1136/hrt.2006.109165
    • T. Tillin, N. Chaturvedi, N.G. Forouhi, G.D. Smith, et al., Cardiovascular disease mortality in relation to childhood and adulthood socioeconomic markers in British South Asian men, Heart 94 (2008) 476-481. (Pubitemid 351441405)
    • (2008) Heart , vol.94 , Issue.4 , pp. 476-481
    • Tillin, T.1    Chaturvedi, N.2    Forouhi, N.G.3    Smith, G.D.4    McKeigue, P.M.5
  • 81
    • 41149135428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social inequalities and cardiovascular disease in South Asians
    • DOI 10.1136/hrt.2007.127480
    • M.J. Zaman, E. Brunner, Social inequalities and cardiovascular disease in South Asians, Heart 94 (2008) 406-407. (Pubitemid 351441391)
    • (2008) Heart , vol.94 , Issue.4 , pp. 406-407
    • Zaman, M.J.S.1    Brunner, E.2
  • 82
    • 0642279432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The first 12 weeks following discharge from hospital: The experience of Gujarati South Asian survivors of acute myocardial infarction and their families
    • R.A. Webster, D.R. Thompson, P.M. Davidson, The first 12 weeks following discharge from hospital: the experience of Gujarati South Asian survivors of acute myocardial infarction and their families, Contemp. Nurse 15 (2003) 288-299.
    • (2003) Contemp. Nurse , vol.15 , pp. 288-299
    • Webster, R.A.1    Thompson, D.R.2    Davidson, P.M.3
  • 83
    • 4744354021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How physically active are South Asians in the United Kingdom? A literature review
    • DOI 10.1093/pubmed/fdh158
    • C.M. Fischbacher, S. Hunt, L. Alexander, How physically active are South Asians in the United Kingdom? A literature review, J. Public Health (Oxf.) 26 (2004) 250-258. (Pubitemid 39312927)
    • (2004) Journal of Public Health , vol.26 , Issue.3 , pp. 250-258
    • Fischbacher, C.M.1    Hunt, S.2    Alexander, L.3
  • 84
    • 1342280421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for non-fatal myocarclial infarction in young South Asian adults
    • J. Ismail, T.H. Jafar, F.H. Jafary, F. White, et al., Risk factors for non fatal myocardial infarction in young South Asian adults, Heart 90 (2004) 259-263. (Pubitemid 38250714)
    • (2004) Heart , vol.90 , Issue.3 , pp. 259-263
    • Ismail, J.1    Jafar, T.H.2    Jafary, F.H.3    White, F.4    Faruqui, A.M.5    Chaturvedi, N.6
  • 85
    • 0028226757 scopus 로고
    • Relationship of hyperinsulinemia to dietary intake in South Asian and European men
    • L. Sevak, P.M. McKeigue, M.G. Marmot, Relationship of hyperinsulinemia to dietary intake in south Asian and European men, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 59 (1994) 1069-1074. (Pubitemid 24138382)
    • (1994) American Journal of Clinical Nutrition , vol.59 , Issue.5 , pp. 1069-1074
    • Sevak, L.1    McKeigue, P.M.2    Marmot, M.G.3
  • 86
    • 77954229137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary carbohydrates, glycaemic load, food groups and newly detected type 2 diabetes among urban Asian Indian population in Chennai, India (Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study 59)
    • V. Mohan, G. Radhika, R.M. Sathya, S.R. Tamil, A. Ganesan, V. Sudha, Dietary carbohydrates, glycaemic load, food groups and newly detected type 2 diabetes among urban Asian Indian population in Chennai, India (Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study 59), Br. J. Nutr. 9 (2009) 1-9.
    • (2009) Br. J. Nutr. , vol.9 , pp. 1-9
    • Mohan, V.1    Radhika, G.2    Sathya, R.M.3    Tamil, S.R.4    Ganesan, A.5    Sudha, V.6
  • 87
    • 57149130680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary patterns and the risk of acute myocardial infarction in 52 countries: Results of the INTERHEART study
    • R. Iqbal, S. Anand, S. Ounpuu, S. Islam, et al., Dietary patterns and the risk of acute myocardial infarction in 52 countries: results of the INTERHEART study, Circulation 118 (2008) 1929-1937.
    • (2008) Circulation , vol.118 , pp. 1929-1937
    • Iqbal, R.1    Anand, S.2    Ounpuu, S.3    Islam, S.4
  • 88
    • 0035660177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of cardiovascular risk factors among Indo-Asian and caucasian patients admitted with acute myocardial infarction in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and Birmingham, England
    • T.S. Dhanjal, M. Lal, R. Haynes, G. Lip, et al., A comparison of cardiovascular risk factors among Indo-Asian and caucasian patients admitted with acute myocardial infarction in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and Birmingham, England, Int. J. Clin. Pract. 55 (2001) 665-668.
    • (2001) Int. J. Clin. Pract. , vol.55 , pp. 665-668
    • Dhanjal, T.S.1    Lal, M.2    Haynes, R.3    Lip, G.4
  • 89
    • 0035856031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiac rehabilitation: The needs of South Asian cardiac patients
    • A.M. Tod, E. Wadsworth, S. Asif, K. Gerrish, et al., Cardiac rehabilitation: the needs of South Asian cardiac patients, Br. J. Nurs. 10 (2001) 1028-1033.
    • (2001) Br. J. Nurs. , vol.10 , pp. 1028-1033
    • Tod, A.M.1    Wadsworth, E.2    Asif, S.3    Gerrish, K.4
  • 90
    • 33645054285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CVD risk factors and ethnicity - A homogeneous relationship?
    • N.G. Forouhi, N. Sattar, CVD risk factors and ethnicity - a homogeneous relationship? Atheroscler. Suppl. 7 (2006) 11-19.
    • (2006) Atheroscler. Suppl. , vol.7 , pp. 11-19
    • Forouhi, N.G.1    Sattar, N.2
  • 91
    • 35348847698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Socioeconomic and racial/ethnic differentials of C-reactive protein levels: A systematic review of population-based studies
    • A. Nazmi, C.G. Victora, Socioeconomic and racial/ethnic differentials of C-reactive protein levels: a systematic review of population-based studies, BMC Public Health 7 (2007) 212.
    • (2007) BMC Public Health , vol.7 , pp. 212
    • Nazmi, A.1    Victora, C.G.2
  • 92
    • 0034840096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin resistance and elevated levels of tissue plasminogen activator in first-degree relatives of South Asian patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease
    • K. Kain, A.J. Catto, J. Young, J. Bamford, et al., Insulin resistance and elevated levels of tissue plasminogen activator in first-degree relatives of South Asian patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease, Stroke 32 (2001) 1069-1073. (Pubitemid 32825784)
    • (2001) Stroke , vol.32 , Issue.5 , pp. 1069-1073
    • Kain, K.1    Catto, A.J.2    Young, J.3    Bamford, J.4    Bavington, J.5    Grant, P.J.6
  • 93
    • 21244443477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Specific elevation in plasma tissue plasminogen activator antigen concentrations in South Asians relative to Europeans
    • N.G. Forouhi, A. Rumley, G.D. Lowe, P. McKeigue, et al., Specific elevation in plasma tissue plasminogen activator antigen concentrations in South Asians relative to Europeans, Blood Coagul. Fibrinolysis 14 (2003) 755-760.
    • (2003) Blood Coagul. Fibrinolysis , vol.14 , pp. 755-760
    • Forouhi, N.G.1    Rumley, A.2    Lowe, G.D.3    McKeigue, P.4
  • 94
    • 34147148685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethnic differences in cardiovascular risk factors in healthy Caucasian and South Asian individuals with the metabolic syndrome
    • R. Ajjan, A.M. Carter, R. Somani, K. Kain, et al., Ethnic differences in cardiovascular risk factors in healthy Caucasian and South Asian individuals with the metabolic syndrome, J. Thromb. Haemost. 5 (2007) 754-760.
    • (2007) J. Thromb. Haemost. , vol.5 , pp. 754-760
    • Ajjan, R.1    Carter, A.M.2    Somani, R.3    Kain, K.4
  • 96
    • 33646049670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of a 4 week physical training program on plasma concentrations of inflammatory markers in patients with abnormal glucose tolerance
    • A. Oberbach, A. Tonjes, N. Kloting, M. Fasshauer, J. Kratzsch, M.W. Busse, et al., Effect of a 4 week physical training program on plasma concentrations of inflammatory markers in patients with abnormal glucose tolerance, Eur. J. Endocrinol. 154 (2006) 577-585.
    • (2006) Eur. J. Endocrinol. , vol.154 , pp. 577-585
    • Oberbach, A.1    Tonjes, A.2    Kloting, N.3    Fasshauer, M.4    Kratzsch, J.5    Busse, M.W.6
  • 97
    • 33745896155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent advances in the relationship between obesity, inflammation, and insulin resistance
    • J.P. Bastard, M. Maachi, C. Lagathu, M.J. Kim, M. Caron, H. Vidal, et al., Recent advances in the relationship between obesity, inflammation, and insulin resistance, Eur. Cytokine Netw. 17 (2006) 4-12.
    • (2006) Eur. Cytokine Netw. , vol.17 , pp. 4-12
    • Bastard, J.P.1    Maachi, M.2    Lagathu, C.3    Kim, M.J.4    Caron, M.5    Vidal, H.6
  • 98
    • 33745209898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship of serum adiponectin and resistin to glucose intolerance and fat topography in South-Asians
    • H. Wasim, N.M. Al-Daghri, R. Chetty, P.G. McTernan, et al., Relationship of serum adiponectin and resistin to glucose intolerance and fat topography in South-Asians, Cardiovasc. Diabetol. 5 (2006) 10.
    • (2006) Cardiovasc. Diabetol. , vol.5 , pp. 10
    • Wasim, H.1    Al-Daghri, N.M.2    Chetty, R.3    McTernan, P.G.4
  • 99
    • 33745051612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of microalbuminuria and hypertension in South Asians and white Europeans with type 2 diabetes: A report from the United Kingdom Asian Diabetes Study (UKADS)
    • A.N. Dixon, N.T. Raymond, S. Mughal, A. Rahim, et al., Prevalence of microalbuminuria and hypertension in South Asians and white Europeans with type 2 diabetes: a report from the United Kingdom Asian Diabetes Study (UKADS), Diab. Vasc. Dis. Res. 3 (2006) 22-25.
    • (2006) Diab. Vasc. Dis. Res. , vol.3 , pp. 22-25
    • Dixon, A.N.1    Raymond, N.T.2    Mughal, S.3    Rahim, A.4
  • 100
    • 0031820599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of prevalence and risk factors for microalbuminuria in South Asians and Europeans with type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • H.M. Mather, N. Chaturvedi, A.M. Kehely, Comparison of prevalence and risk factors for microalbuminuria in South Asians and Europeans with type 2 diabetes mellitus, Diabet. Med. 15 (1998) 672-677.
    • (1998) Diabet. Med. , vol.15 , pp. 672-677
    • Mather, H.M.1    Chaturvedi, N.2    Kehely, A.M.3
  • 101
    • 33645034893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevated lipoprotein (a) - A genetic risk factor for premature vascular disease in people with and without standard risk factors: A review
    • E.A. Enas, V. Chacko, A. Senthilkumar, N. Puthumana, et al., Elevated lipoprotein (a) - a genetic risk factor for premature vascular disease in people with and without standard risk factors: a review, Dis. Mon. 52 (2006) 5-50.
    • (2006) Dis. Mon. , vol.52 , pp. 5-50
    • Enas, E.A.1    Chacko, V.2    Senthilkumar, A.3    Puthumana, N.4
  • 102
    • 41849089156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between lipoprotein (a) levels, apo (a) isoforms and family history of premature CAD in young Asian Indians
    • J.K. Gambhir, H. Kaur, K.M. Prabhu, J.D. Morrisett, et al., Association between lipoprotein (a) levels, apo (a) isoforms and family history of premature CAD in young Asian Indians, Clin. Biochem. 41 (2008) 453-458.
    • (2008) Clin. Biochem. , vol.41 , pp. 453-458
    • Gambhir, J.K.1    Kaur, H.2    Prabhu, K.M.3    Morrisett, J.D.4
  • 103
    • 61849183176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heart failure
    • H. Krum, W.T. Abraham, Heart failure, Lancet 373 (2009) 941-955.
    • (2009) Lancet , vol.373 , pp. 941-955
    • Krum, H.1    Abraham, W.T.2
  • 104
    • 0016251063 scopus 로고
    • Role of diabetes in congestive heart failure: The Framingham study
    • W.B. Kannel, M. Hjortland, W.P. Castelli, Role of diabetes in congestive heart failure: the Framingham study, Am. J. Cardiol. 34 (1974) 29-34.
    • (1974) Am. J. Cardiol. , vol.34 , pp. 29-34
    • Kannel, W.B.1    Hjortland, M.2    Castelli, W.P.3
  • 105
    • 23744487440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An approach to heart failure and diabetes mellitus
    • G.C. Fonarow, An approach to heart failure and diabetes mellitus, Am. J. Cardiol. 96 (4S) (2005) 47-52.
    • (2005) Am. J. Cardiol. , vol.96 , Issue.4 S , pp. 47-52
    • Fonarow, G.C.1
  • 106
    • 33646888413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between insulin resistance and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in patients with impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes
    • G. Bajraktari, M.S. Koltai, F. Ademaj, N. Rexhepaj, S. Qirko, G. Ndrepepa, et al., Relationship between insulin resistance and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in patients with impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes, Int. J. Cardiol. 110 (2006) 206-211.
    • (2006) Int. J. Cardiol. , vol.110 , pp. 206-211
    • Bajraktari, G.1    Koltai, M.S.2    Ademaj, F.3    Rexhepaj, N.4    Qirko, S.5    Ndrepepa, G.6
  • 107
    • 26244457401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The epidemiology of left ventricular hypertrophy in type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • DOI 10.1007/s00125-005-1896-y
    • A. Dawson, A.D. Morris, A.D. Struthers, The epidemiology of left ventricular hypertrophy in type 2 diabetes mellitus, Diabetologia 48 (2005) 1971-1979. (Pubitemid 41416905)
    • (2005) Diabetologia , vol.48 , Issue.10 , pp. 1971-1979
    • Dawson, A.1    Morris, A.D.2    Struthers, A.D.3
  • 108
    • 27844449494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical characteristics of South Asian patients hospitalized with heart failure
    • N. Singh, M. Gupta, Clinical characteristics of South Asian patients hospitalized with heart failure, Ethn. Dis. 15 (2005) 615-619.
    • (2005) Ethn. Dis. , vol.15 , pp. 615-619
    • Singh, N.1    Gupta, M.2
  • 109
    • 0041876183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognosis for South Asian and white patients newly admitted to hospital with heart failure in the United Kingdom: Historical cohort study
    • H.M. Blackledge, J. Newton, I.B. Squire, Prognosis for South Asian and white patients newly admitted to hospital with heart failure in the United Kingdom: historical cohort study, BMJ 327 (2003) 526-531.
    • (2003) BMJ , vol.327 , pp. 526-531
    • Blackledge, H.M.1    Newton, J.2    Squire, I.B.3
  • 110
    • 28144454958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethnicity and variation in prognosis for patients newly hospitalised for heart failure: A matched historical cohort study
    • DOI 10.1136/hrt.2004.057935
    • J.D. Newton, H.M. Blackledge, I.B. Squire, Ethnicity and variation in prognosis for patients newly hospitalised for heart failure: a matched historical cohort study, Heart 91 (2005) 1545-1550. (Pubitemid 41697592)
    • (2005) Heart , vol.91 , Issue.12 , pp. 1545-1550
    • Newton, J.D.1    Blackledge, H.M.2    Squire, I.B.3
  • 111
    • 0037015256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ventricular remodeling does not accompany the development of heart failure in diabetic patients after myocardial infarction
    • DOI 10.1161/01.CIR.0000032313.82552.E3
    • S.D. Solomon, M.S.J. Sutton, G.A. Lamas, T. Plappert, J.L. Rouleau, H. Skali, et al., Ventricular remodelling does not accompany the development of heart failure in diabetic patients after myocardial infarction, Circulation 106 (2002) 1251-1255. (Pubitemid 34988644)
    • (2002) Circulation , vol.106 , Issue.10 , pp. 1251-1255
    • Solomon, S.D.1    St, J.S.M.2    Lamas, G.A.3    Plappert, T.4    Rouleau, J.L.5    Skali, H.6    Moye, L.7    Braunwald, E.8    Pfeffer, M.A.9
  • 112
    • 4944259106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Left ventricular remodeling and heart failure in diabetic patients treated with primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction
    • DOI 10.1161/01.CIR.0000143376.64970.4A
    • N. Carrabba, R. Valenti, G. Parodi, G.M. Santoro, D. Antoniucci, Left ventricular remodeling and heart failure in diabetic patients treated with primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction, Circulation 110 (2004) 1974-1979. (Pubitemid 39331910)
    • (2004) Circulation , vol.110 , Issue.14 , pp. 1974-1979
    • Carrabba, N.1    Valenti, R.2    Parodi, G.3    Santoro, G.M.4    Antoniucci, D.5
  • 113
    • 66849131593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ischemic stroke in South Asians: A review of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and ethnicity-related clinical features
    • A. Gunarathne, J.V. Patel, B. Gammon, P.S. Gill, et al., Ischemic stroke in South Asians: a review of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and ethnicity-related clinical features, Stroke 40 (2009) e415-423.
    • (2009) Stroke , vol.40
    • Gunarathne, A.1    Patel, J.V.2    Gammon, B.3    Gill, P.S.4
  • 114
    • 38149109221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased 5-year mortality in the migrant South Asian stroke patients with diabetes mellitus in the United Kingdom: The West Birmingham Stroke Project
    • A. Gunarathne, J.V. Patel, R. Potluri, B. Gammon, S. Jessani, E.A. Hughes, et al., Increased 5-year mortality in the migrant South Asian stroke patients with diabetes mellitus in the United Kingdom: the West Birmingham Stroke Project, Int. J. Clin. Pract. 62 (2008) 197-201.
    • (2008) Int. J. Clin. Pract. , vol.62 , pp. 197-201
    • Gunarathne, A.1    Patel, J.V.2    Potluri, R.3    Gammon, B.4    Jessani, S.5    Hughes, E.A.6
  • 116
    • 0031047332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cross sectional analysis of mortality by country of birth in England and Wales, 1970-92
    • S. Wild, P. McKeigue, Cross sectional analysis of mortality by country of birth in England and Wales, 1970-92, BMJ 314 (1997) 705-710.
    • (1997) BMJ , vol.314 , pp. 705-710
    • Wild, S.1    McKeigue, P.2
  • 117
    • 0026020021 scopus 로고
    • Ethnic differences in mortality from ischaemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease in England and Wales
    • R. Balarajan, Ethnic differences in mortality from ischaemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease in England and Wales, BMJ 302 (1991) 560-564.
    • (1991) BMJ , vol.302 , pp. 560-564
    • Balarajan, R.1
  • 118
    • 33644951045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood pressure, diabetes, and increased dietary salt associated with stroke - Results from a community-based study in Pakistan
    • T.H. Jafar, Blood pressure, diabetes, and increased dietary salt associated with stroke - results from a community-based study in Pakistan, J. Hum. Hypertens. 20 (2006) 83-85.
    • (2006) J. Hum. Hypertens. , vol.20 , pp. 83-85
    • Jafar, T.H.1
  • 119
    • 0024819526 scopus 로고
    • Cerebrovascular disease in rural Kashmir, India
    • S. Razdan, R.L. Koul, A. Motta, S. Kaul, Cerebrovascular disease in rural Kashmir, India, Stroke 20 (1989) 1691-1693.
    • (1989) Stroke , vol.20 , pp. 1691-1693
    • Razdan, S.1    Koul, R.L.2    Motta, A.3    Kaul, S.4
  • 120
    • 37749041494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology and causation of coronary heart disease and stroke in India
    • R. Gupta, P. Joshi, V. Mohan, K.S. Reddy, S. Yusuf, Epidemiology and causation of coronary heart disease and stroke in India, BMJ 94 (2008) 16.
    • (2008) BMJ , vol.94 , pp. 16
    • Gupta, R.1    Joshi, P.2    Mohan, V.3    Reddy, K.S.4    Yusuf, S.5
  • 122
    • 27144456373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subtypes of ischemic stroke in a metropolitan city of south India (one year data from a hospital based stroke registry)
    • S. Kaul, P. Sunitha, A. Suvarna, A.K. Meena, et al., Subtypes of ischemic stroke in a metropolitan city of south India (one year data from a hospital based stroke registry), Neurol. India 50 (Suppl.) (2002) S8-S14.
    • (2002) Neurol. India , vol.50 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Kaul, S.1    Sunitha, P.2    Suvarna, A.3    Meena, A.K.4
  • 125
    • 37249007176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Secular trends in the cardiovascular risk profile and mortality of stroke admissions in an inner city, multiethnic population in the United Kingdom (1997-2005)
    • A. Gunarathne, J.V. Patel, R. Potluri, P.S. Gill, et al., Secular trends in the cardiovascular risk profile and mortality of stroke admissions in an inner city, multiethnic population in the United Kingdom (1997-2005), J. Hum. Hypertens. 22 (2008) 18-23.
    • (2008) J. Hum. Hypertens. , vol.22 , pp. 18-23
    • Gunarathne, A.1    Patel, J.V.2    Potluri, R.3    Gill, P.S.4
  • 126
    • 34248204337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic syndrome among ethnic South Asian patients with ischemic stroke and comparison with ethnic Chinese patients: The Singapore General Hospital experience
    • D.A. De Silva, F.P.Woon, X.Y. Xie, Li Hsian Chen Christopher, et al., Metabolic syndrome among ethnic South Asian patients with ischemic stroke and comparison with ethnic Chinese patients: the Singapore General Hospital experience, J. Stroke Cerebrovasc. Dis. 16 (2007) 119-121.
    • (2007) J. Stroke Cerebrovasc. Dis. , vol.16 , pp. 119-121
    • De Silva, D.A.1    Woon, F.P.2    Xie, X.Y.3    Christopher, L.H.C.4
  • 127
    • 33646896310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethnic variations in risk factor profile, pattern and recurrence of non-cardioembolic ischemic stroke
    • D. Deleu, A.A. Hamad, S. Kamram, A. El Siddig, et al., Ethnic variations in risk factor profile, pattern and recurrence of non-cardioembolic ischemic stroke, Arch. Med. Res. 37 (2006) 655-662.
    • (2006) Arch. Med. Res. , vol.37 , pp. 655-662
    • Deleu, D.1    Hamad, A.A.2    Kamram, S.3    El Siddig, A.4
  • 128
    • 0036908136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clustering of thrombotic factors with insulin resistance in South Asian patients with ischemic stroke
    • K. Kain, A.J. Catto, P.J. Grant, Clustering of thrombotic factors with insulin resistance in South Asian patients with ischemic stroke, Thromb. Haemostat. 88 (2002) 950-953.
    • (2002) Thromb. Haemostat. , vol.88 , pp. 950-953
    • Kain, K.1    Catto, A.J.2    Grant, P.J.3
  • 129
    • 67650076531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glycemic status underlies increased arterial stiffness and impaired endothelial function in migrant South Asian stroke survivors compared to European Caucasians: Pathophysiological insights from the West Birmingham Stroke Project
    • A. Gunarathne, J.V. Patel, S. Kausar, B. Gammon, et al., Glycemic status underlies increased arterial stiffness and impaired endothelial function in migrant South Asian stroke survivors compared to European Caucasians: pathophysiological insights from the West Birmingham Stroke Project, Stroke 40 (2009) 2298-2306.
    • (2009) Stroke , vol.40 , pp. 2298-2306
    • Gunarathne, A.1    Patel, J.V.2    Kausar, S.3    Gammon, B.4
  • 130
    • 77950329067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • South Asian strokes: Lessons from the St. Mary's stroke database
    • S. Banerjee, R. Biram, J. Chataway, D. Ames, South Asian strokes: lessons from the St. Mary's stroke database, QMJ 103 (2010) 17-21.
    • (2010) QMJ , vol.103 , pp. 17-21
    • Banerjee, S.1    Biram, R.2    Chataway, J.3    Ames, D.4
  • 131
    • 58149092777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethnicity and peripheral artery disease
    • P.C. Bennett, S. Silverman, P.S. Gill, G.Y.H. Lip, et al., Ethnicity and peripheral artery disease, QJM 102 (2009) 3-16.
    • (2009) QJM , vol.102 , pp. 3-16
    • Bennett, P.C.1    Silverman, S.2    Gill, P.S.3    Lip, G.Y.H.4
  • 132
    • 0033859531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and risk factors of peripheral vascular disease in a selected South Indian population: The Chennai Urban Population Study
    • G. Premalatha, S. Shanthirani, R. Deepa, J. Markovitz, et al., Prevalence and risk factors of peripheral vascular disease in a selected South Indian population: the Chennai Urban Population Study, Diabetes Care 23 (2000) 1295-1300.
    • (2000) Diabetes Care , vol.23 , pp. 1295-1300
    • Premalatha, G.1    Shanthirani, S.2    Deepa, R.3    Markovitz, J.4
  • 136
    • 0036046668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired glucose tolerance and impaired fasting glycaemia: The current status on definition and intervention
    • N. Unwin, J. Shaw, P. Zimmet, K.G.M.M. Alberti, et al., Impaired glucose tolerance and impaired fasting glycaemia: the current status on definition and intervention, Diabet. Med. 19 (2002) 708-723.
    • (2002) Diabet. Med. , vol.19 , pp. 708-723
    • Unwin, N.1    Shaw, J.2    Zimmet, P.3    Alberti, K.G.M.M.4
  • 137
    • 44949245018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Baseline characteristics and risk of progression from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes in a multiethnic population based screening
    • B.T. Srinivasan, M.J. Davies, D. Webb, E. Healey, A. Farooqi, et al., Baseline characteristics and risk of progression from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes in a multiethnic population based screening, Diabet. Med. 24 (Suppl. 1) (2007) 51.
    • (2007) Diabet. Med. , vol.24 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 51
    • Srinivasan, B.T.1    Davies, M.J.2    Webb, D.3    Healey, E.4    Farooqi, A.5
  • 138
    • 33847119543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological and lifestyle interventions to prevent or delay type 2 diabetes in people with impaired glucose tolerance: Systematic review and meta-analysis
    • C.L. Gillies, K.R. Abrams, P.C. Lambert, N.J. Cooper, et al., Pharmacological and lifestyle interventions to prevent or delay type 2 diabetes in people with impaired glucose tolerance: systematic review and meta-analysis, BMJ 334 (2007) 299.
    • (2007) BMJ , vol.334 , pp. 299
    • Gillies, C.L.1    Abrams, K.R.2    Lambert, P.C.3    Cooper, N.J.4
  • 139
    • 31844452061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme shows that lifestyle modification and metformin prevent type 2 diabetes in Asian Indian subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IDPP-1)
    • DOI 10.1007/s00125-005-0097-z
    • A. Ramachandran, C. Snehalatha, S. Mary, B. Mukesh, et al., The Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme shows that lifestyle modification and metformin prevent type 2 diabetes in Asian Indian subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IDPP-1), Diabetologia 49 (2006) 289-297. (Pubitemid 43185397)
    • (2006) Diabetologia , vol.49 , Issue.2 , pp. 289-297
    • Ramachandran, A.1    Snehalatha, C.2    Mary, S.3    Mukesh, B.4    Bhaskar, A.D.5    Vijay, V.6
  • 144
    • 79952708456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Screening for diabetes and impaired glucose regulation in a community setting: Comparison of eight strategies using routine data, self assessment risk scores, fasting glucose and HbA1c
    • K. Khunti, N. Taub, D. Webb, B.T. Srinivasanw, C. Gillies, K. Abrams, et al., Screening for diabetes and impaired glucose regulation in a community setting: comparison of eight strategies using routine data, self assessment risk scores, fasting glucose and HbA1c, Diabet. Med. 26 (Suppl. 1) (2009) 31-32.
    • (2009) Diabet. Med. , vol.26 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 31-32
    • Khunti, K.1    Taub, N.2    Webb, D.3    Srinivasanw, B.T.4    Gillies, C.5    Abrams, K.6
  • 145
    • 37749048943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Performance of the QRISK cardiovascular risk prediction algorithm in an independent UK sample of patients from general practice: A validation study
    • J. Hippisley-Cox, C. Coupland, Y. Vinogradova, J. Robson, P. Brindle, Performance of the QRISK cardiovascular risk prediction algorithm in an independent UK sample of patients from general practice: a validation study, Heart 94 (2008) 34-39.
    • (2008) Heart , vol.94 , pp. 34-39
    • Hippisley-Cox, J.1    Coupland, C.2    Vinogradova, Y.3    Robson, J.4    Brindle, P.5
  • 146
    • 84881264542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An independent external validation and evaluation of QRISK cardiovascular risk prediction: A prospective open cohort study
    • 7 July
    • G.S. Collin, D.G. Altman, An independent external validation and evaluation of QRISK cardiovascular risk prediction: a prospective open cohort study, BMJ 339 (7 July) (2009) b2584.
    • (2009) BMJ , vol.339
    • Collin, G.S.1    Altman, D.G.2
  • 147
    • 36249010337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of a cardiovascular risk control project for South Asians (Khush Dil) on motivation, behaviour, obesity, blood pressure and lipids
    • Oxf.
    • G. Mathews, J. Alexander, T. Rahemtulla, R. Bhopal, et al., Impact of a cardiovascular risk control project for South Asians (Khush Dil) on motivation, behaviour, obesity, blood pressure and lipids, J. Public Health (Oxf.) 29 (2007) 388-397.
    • (2007) J. Public Health , vol.29 , pp. 388-397
    • Mathews, G.1    Alexander, J.2    Rahemtulla, T.3    Bhopal, R.4
  • 148
    • 33646235392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quitting smoking and experience of smoking cessation interventions among UK Bangladeshi and Pakistani adults: The views of community members and health professionals
    • M. White, J. Bush, J. Kai, R. Bhopal, et al., Quitting smoking and experience of smoking cessation interventions among UK Bangladeshi and Pakistani adults: the views of community members and health professionals, J. Epidemiol. Community Health 60 (2006) 405-411.
    • (2006) J. Epidemiol. Community Health , vol.60 , pp. 405-411
    • White, M.1    Bush, J.2    Kai, J.3    Bhopal, R.4
  • 149
    • 48149112464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Educational interventions for migrant South Asians with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review
    • K. Khunti, J. Camosso-Stefinovic, M. Carey, M.J. Davies, et al., Educational interventions for migrant South Asians with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review, Diabet. Med. 25 (2008) 985-992.
    • (2008) Diabet. Med. , vol.25 , pp. 985-992
    • Khunti, K.1    Camosso-Stefinovic, J.2    Carey, M.3    Davies, M.J.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.