Ethnic differences in cardiovascular risk factors in healthy Caucasian and South Asian individuals with the metabolic syndrome

Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis

Volumn 5, Issue 4, 2007, Pages 754-760

  Ajjan, R ^a   Carter, A M ^a   Somani, R ^a   Kain, K ^a   Grant, P J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

C REACTIVE PROTEIN; CHOLESTEROL; COMPLEMENT COMPONENT C3; GLUCOSE; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN; INSULIN; PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR INHIBITOR 1; TISSUE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR; TRIACYLGLYCEROL;

ADULT; AGE; ARTICLE; ASIAN; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CAUCASIAN; COHORT ANALYSIS; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIET RESTRICTION; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; ENZYME LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY; ETHNIC DIFFERENCE; FEMALE; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; HEALTH STATUS; HOMEOSTASIS; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA; IMPAIRED GLUCOSE TOLERANCE; INSULIN BLOOD LEVEL; INSULIN RESISTANCE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; OBESITY; PREDICTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK FACTOR; SEX DIFFERENCE; SOUTH ASIA;

ADULT; ASIAN CONTINENTAL ANCESTRY GROUP; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; COHORT STUDIES; COMPLEMENT C3; EUROPEAN CONTINENTAL ANCESTRY GROUP; FEMALE; HUMANS; INSULIN RESISTANCE; MALE; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR INHIBITOR 1; RISK FACTORS; TISSUE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR;

EID: 34147148685     PISSN: 15387933     EISSN: 15387836     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2007.02434.x     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. Wild S, McKeigue P. Cross sectional analysis of mortality by country of birth in England and Wales, 1970-92. BMJ 1997; 314: 705-10.
2. Dhawan J, Bray CL, Warburton R, Ghambhir DS, Morris J. Insulin resistance, high prevalence of diabetes, and cardiovascular risk in immigrant Asians. Genetic or environmental effect? Br Heart J 1994; 72: 413-21.
3. Mansfield MW, Kohler HP, Ariens RA, McCormack LJ, Grant PJ. Circulating levels of coagulation factor XIII in subjects with type 2 diabetes and in their first-degree relatives. Diabetes Care 2000; 23: 703-5.
4. Kain K, Catto AJ, Grant PJ. Associations between insulin resistance and thrombotic risk factors in high-risk South Asian subjects. Diabet Med 2003; 20: 651-5.
5. Grundy SM, Cleeman JI, Daniels SR, Donato KA, Eckel RH, Franklin BA, Gordon DJ, Krauss RM, Savage PJ, Smith SC, Spertus JA, Costa F. Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome: An American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Scientific Statement. Circulation 2005; 112: 2735-52.
6. Alberti KG, Zimmet P, Shaw J. Metabolic syndrome - a new world-wide definition. A Consensus Statement from the International Diabetes Federation. Diabet Med 2006; 23: 469-80.
7. Willerson JT, Ridker PM. Inflammation as a cardiovascular risk factor. Circulation 2004; 109: II2-10.
8. Ajjan R, Grant PJ. Coagulation and atherothrombotic disease. Atherosclerosis 2006; 186: 240-59.
9. Kahn R, Buse J, Ferrannini E, Stern M. The metabolic syndrome: Time for a critical appraisal: Joint statement from the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2005; 28: 2289-304.
10. Eckel RH, Grundy SM, Zimmet PZ. The metabolic syndrome. Lancet 2005; 365: 1415-28.
11. Matthews DR, Hosker JP, Rudenski AS, Naylor BA, Treacher BF, Turner RC. Homeostasis model assessment: Insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia 1985; 28: 412-9.
12. Ajjan RA, Grant PJ, Futers TS, Brown JM, Cymbalista CM, Boothby M, Carter AM. Complement C3 and C-reactive protein levels in patients with stable coronary artery disease. Thromb Haemost 2005; 94: 1048-54.
13. Balkau B, Charles MA. Comment on the provisional report from the WHO consultation. European Group for the Study of Insulin Resistance (EGIR). Diabet Med 1999; 16: 442-3.
14. Whincup PH, Gilg JA, Papacosta O, Seymour C, Miller GJ, Alberti KG, Cook DG. Early evidence of ethnic differences in cardiovascular risk: Cross sectional comparison of British South Asian and white children. BMJ 2002; 324: 635.
15. McKeigue PM, Shah B, Marmot MG. Relation of central obesity and insulin resistance with high diabetes prevalence and cardiovascular risk in South Asians. Lancet 1991; 337: 382-6.
16. Sierra-Johnson J, Johnson BD, Allison TG, Bailey KR, Schwartz GL, Turner ST. Correspondence between the adult treatment panel III criteria for metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance. Diabetes Care 2006; 29: 668-72.
17. Liao Y, Kwon S, Shaughnessy S, Wallace P, Hutto A, Jenkins AJ, Klein RL, Garvey WT. Critical evaluation of adult treatment panel III criteria in identifying insulin resistance with dyslipidemia. Diabetes Care 2004; 27: 978-83.
18. Cheal KL, Abbasi F, Lamendola C, McLaughlin T, Reaven GM, Ford ES. Relationship to insulin resistance of the adult treatment panel III diagnostic criteria for identification of the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes 2004; 53: 1195-200.
19. Onat A, Hergenc G, Turkmen S, Yazici M, Sari I, Can G. Discordance between insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome: Features and associated cardiovascular risk in adults with normal glucose regulation. Metabolism 2006; 55: 445-52.
20. Marques-Vidal P, Mazoyer E, Bongard V, Gourdy P, Ruidavets JB, Drouet L, Ferrieres J. Prevalence of insulin resistance syndrome in southwestern France and its relationship with inflammatory and hemostatic markers. Diabetes Care 2002; 25: 1371-7.
21. Ford ES. The metabolic syndrome and C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, and leukocyte count: Findings from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Atherosclerosis 2003; 168: 351-8.
22. Wannamethee SG, Lowe GD, Shaper AG, Rumley A, Lennon L, Whincup PH. The metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance: Relationship to haemostatic and inflammatory markers in older non-diabetic men. Atherosclerosis 2005; 181: 101-8.
23. Lim S, Lee HK, Kimm KC, Park C, Shin C, Cho NH. C-reactive protein level as an independent risk factor of metabolic syndrome in the Korean population. CRP as risk factor of metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2005; 70: 126-33.
24. Heald AH, Anderson SG, Ivison F, Laing I, Gibson JM, Cruickshank K. C-reactive protein and the insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-system in relation to risk of cardiovascular disease in different ethnic groups. Atherosclerosis 2003; 170: 79-86.
25. Somani R, Grant PJ, Kain K, Catto AJ, Carter AM. Complement C3 and C-reactive protein are elevated in South Asians independent of a family history of stroke. Stroke 2006; 37: 2001-6.
26. Anand SS, Yi Q, Gerstein H, Lonn E, Jacobs R, Vuksan V, Teo K, Davis B, Montague P, Yusuf S. Relationship of metabolic syndrome and fibrinolytic dysfunction to cardiovascular disease. Circulation 2003; 108: 420-5.
27. Mertens I, Verrijken A, Michiels JJ, Van der PM, Ruige JB, Van Gaal LF. Among inflammation and coagulation markers, PAI-1 is a true component of the metabolic syndrome. Int J Obes (Lond) 2006; 30: 1308-14.
28. Matsuzawa Y. White adipose tissue and cardiovascular disease. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005; 19: 637-47.
29. Forouhi NG, Rumley A, Lowe GD, McKeigue P, Sattar N. Specific elevation in plasma tissue plasminogen activator antigen concentrations in South Asians relative to Europeans. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2003; 14: 755-60.
30. Medved L, Nieuwenhuizen W. Molecular mechanisms of initiation of fibrinolysis by fibrin. Thromb Haemost 2003; 89: 409-19.
31. Davignon J, Ganz P. Role of endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis. Circulation 2004; 109: III27-32.