Plant wax and its response to environmental conditions: An overview

Shengtai Xuebao/ Acta Ecologica Sinica

Volumn 31, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 565-574

  Li, Jingjing ^a   Huang, Junhua ^a   Xie, Shucheng ^a  

^a CHINA UNIVERSITY OF GEOSCIENCES   (China)

Author keywords

Abiotic environment; Biotic environment; Plant wax; Wax composition

Indexed keywords

ADAPTATION; BACTERIUM; CARBON DIOXIDE; CHEMICAL COMPOSITION; COATING; HYDROPHOBICITY; INSECT; PATHOGENICITY; PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTY; PLANT EXTRACT; SOLAR RADIATION; SURVIVAL; SYMBIOSIS; WAX;

BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); EMBRYOPHYTA; HEXAPODA;

EID: 79952673002     PISSN: 10000933     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (81)

1. Eglinton G, Hamilton R J. Leaf Epicuticular Waxes. Science, 1767, 156: 1322-1335.
2. Jetter R, Schiiffer S. Chemical composition of the Prunus laurocerasus leaf surface. Dynamic changes of the epicuticular wax film during leaf development. Plant Physiology, 2001, 126: 1725-1737.
3. Barthlott W, Neinhuis C, Cutler D, Ditsch E, Meusel I, Theisen I, Wilhelmi H. Classification and terminology of plant epicuticular waxes. Bontanical Journal of Linnean Society, 1777, 126:237-260.
4. Koch K, Neinhuis C, Ensikat H, Barthlott W. Self assembly of epicuticular waxes on living plant surfaces imaged by atomic force microscopy (AEM). Journal of Experimental Botany, 2004, 55(377):711-717.
5. Baker E A. The influence of environment on leaf wax development in Brassica Oleracea var. Gemmifera. New Phytologist, 1774, 73:755-766.
6. Xu S J, Jiang P A, Wang Z W, Wang Y. Crystal structures and chemical composition of leaf surface wax depositions on the desert moss Syntrichia caninervis. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 2007, 37(6):723-730.
7. Post-Beittenmiller D. Biochmistry and molecular biology of wax production in plants. Annual Review, Plant Physiol, Plant Molecular Biology, 1776, 47:405-430.
8. Muller C, Riederer M. Plant surface properties in chemical ecology. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2005, 31 (11):2621-2651.
9. Wen M, Jetter R. Composition of secondary alcohols, ketones, alkanediols, and ketols in Arabidopsis thaliana cuticular waxes. Journal of Experimental Botany, 2007, 60(6):1711-1721.
10. Rashotte A M, Jenks M A, Ross A S, Eeldmann K A. Novel eceriferum mutants in Arabidopsis thaliana. Planta, 2004, 217:5-13.
11. Kunst L, Samuels L. Plant cuticles shine: advances in wax biosynthesis and export. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 2007, 12:721-727.
12. Rashotte A M, Jenks M A, Eeldmann K A. Cuticular waxes on eceriferum mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana. Phytochemistry, 2001, 57:115-123.
13. Kunst L, Samuels A L. Biosynthesis and secretion of plant cuticular wax. Progress in Lipid Research, 2003, 42:51-70.
14. Jetter R, Kunst L. Plant surface lipid biosynthetic pathways and their utility for metabolic engineering of waxes and hydrocarbon biofuels. The Plant Journal, 2007, 54:670-673.
15. Bird D A. The role of ABC transporters in cuticular lipid secretion. Plant Science, 2007, 174:563-567.
16. Wen M, Buschhaus C, Jetter R. Nanotubules on plant surfaces: Chemical composition of epicuticular wax ciystals on needles of Taxus baccata L. Phytochemistry, 2006, 67:1808-1817.
17. Riedel M, Eichner A, Meimberg H, Jetter R. Chemical composition of epicuticular wax crystals on the slippery zone in pitchers of five Nepenthes species and hybrids. Planta, 2007, 225:1517-1534.
18. Szafranek B, Tomaszewshi D, Pokrzywiiiska K, Gotabiowski M. Microstructure and chemical composition of leaf cuticular waxes in two Salix species and their hybrid. Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica, 2008, 50(2):49-54.
19. Jenks M A, Eigenbrode S D, Lemieux B. Cuticular waxes of Arabidopsis//The Arabidopsis Book. Rockville:American Society of Plant Biologists, 2002:1-22.
20. Buschhaus C, Herz H, Jetter R. Chemical composition of the epicuticular and intracuticular wax layers on adaxial sides of Ligustrum vulgare leaves. New Phytologist, 2007, 176:311-316.
21. Buschhaus C, Herz H, Jetter R. Chemical composition of the epicuticular and intracuticular wax layers on adaxial sides of Rosa canina leaves. Annals of Botany, 2007, 100:1557-1564.
22. Gniwotta E, Vogg G, Gartmann V, Carver T L. W., Riederer M, Jetter R. What do microbes encounter at the plant surface? Chemical composition of pea leaf cuticular waxes. Plant Physiology, 2005, 137:517-530.
23. Chikaraishi Y, Naraoka H. Carbon and hydrogen isotope variation of plant biomarkers in a plant-soil system. Chemical Geology, 2006, 231: 170-202.
24. Hamilton R J. Waxes: Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Eunctions. Dundee:The Oily Press, 1775.
25. Sanchez E J, Manzanares M, Andres E E, Tenorio J L, Ayerbe L. Residual transpiration rate, epicuticular wax load and leaf colour of pea plants in drought conditions. Influence on harvest index and canopy temperature. European Journal of Agronomy, 200, 15: 57-70.
26. Cameron K D, Teece M A, Smart L B. Increased accumulation of cuticular wax and expression of lipid transfer protein in response to periodic drying events in leaves of tree tobacco. Plant Physiology, 2005, 140:76-173.
27. Riederer M, Schreiber L. Protecting against water loss: analysis of the barrier properties of plant cuticles. Journal of Experimental Bontany, 2001, 52(363): 2023-2032.
28. Premachandra G S, Saneoka H, Kanaya M, Ogata S. Cell membrane stability and leaf surface wax contents as affected by increasing water deficits in Maize. Journal of Experimental Botany, 1771, 42(2):167-171.
29. Ristic Z, Jenks M A. Leafcuticle and water loss in maize lines differing in dehydration avoidance. Journal of Plant Physiology, 2002, 157:645-651.
30. Kolattukudy P E. Plant waxes. Lipids, 1770, 5:257-275.
31. Vogg G, Eischer S, Leide J, Emmanuel E, Jetter R, Levy A A, Riederer M. Tomato fruit cuticular waxes and their effects on transpiration barrier properties: functional characterization of a mutant deficient in a very-long-chain fatty acid p-ketoacyl-CoA synthase. Journal of Experimental Botany, 2004, 55:1401-1410.
32. Bondada B R, Oosterhuis D M, Murphy J B, Kim K S. Effect of water stress on the epicuticular wax composition and ultrastructure of cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.)leaf, bract, and boll. Environmental and Expenmental Botany, 1776, 36(1):61-67.
33. Kim K S, Park S H, Jenks M A. Changes in leaf cuticular waxes of sesame (Sesamum indium L.) plants exposed to water deficit. Journal of Plant Physiology, 2007, 164:1134-1143.
34. Koch K, Hartmann K D, Schreiber L, Barthlott W, Neinhuis C. Influences of air humidity during the cultivation of plants on wax chemical composition, morphology and leaf surface wettability. Environmental and Experiment Botany, 2006, 56:1-9.
35. Holmes M G., Keiller D R. Effects of pubescence and waxes on the reflectance of leaves in the ultraviolet and photosynthetic wavebands: a comparison of a range of species. Plant Cell Environment, 2002, 25:85-93.
36. Jenks M A, Ashworth E JN. Plant epicuticular waxes: function, production, and genetics. Horticultural Reviews. Canada:John Wiley& Sons, 1777, 23:1-68.
37. Vogelmann T C. Plant tissue optics. Annual Review of Plant Physiol and Plant Molecular Biology, 1773, 44:231-251.
38. Robinson S A, Lovelock C E, Osmond C B. Wax as a mechanism for protection against photoinhibition A study of Cotyledon orbiculata. Botanica Acta, 1773, 106:307-312.
39. Grant R H, Heisler G M, Gao W, Jenks M. Ultraviolet leaf reflectance of common urban trees and the prediction of reflectance from leaf surface characteristics. Agricultural and Eorest Meteorology, 2003, 120:127-137.
40. Liakopoulos G, Stavrianakou S, Karabourniotis G. Trichome layers versus dehaired lamina of Olea europaea leaves: differences in flavonoid distribution, LV-absorbing capacity, and wax yield. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 2006, 55(3):274-304.
41. Yan X E, Wang Y, Li Y M. Plant secondary metabolism and its response to environment. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2007, 27(60):2554-2562.
42. Gonzalez R, Paul JN D, Percy K E, Ambrose M, McLaughlin C K, Barnes J D, Areses M, Wellburn A R. Responses to ultraviolet-B radiation (270 -315 nra) of pea (Pisum sativum L.) lines differing in leaf surface wax. Physiologia Plantarum, 1996, 98 (4):852-860.
43. Barnes J D, Percy K E, Paul JN D, Jones P, McLaughlin C K, Mullineaux P M, Creissen G, Wellburn A R. The influence of LV-B radiation on the physicochemical nature of tobacco(Nicotiana tabacum L.) leaf surfaces. Journal of Experimental Botany, 1996, 47 (294); 99-109.
44. Gordon D C, Riding R T. Effects of enhanced LV-B radiation on adaxial leaf surface micromorphology and epicuticular wax biosynthesis of sugar maple. Chemosphers, 1998, 36(4/5):853-858.
45. Tevini M, Steinmuller D. Influence of light, LV-B radiation, and herbicides on wax biosynthesis of cucumber seedings. Journal of Plant Physiology, 1987, 131:111-121.
46. Yao Y A, Zu Y Q, Li Y. Ultraviolet B radiation and the secondary metabolism of phenol in plants. Plant Physiology Communications, 2003, 39: 179-184.
47. Nordby H E, McDonald R E. Relationship of epicuticular wax composition of grapefruit to chilling injury. Journal Agriculture Food Chemical, 1991, 39:957-962.
48. Armstrong D J, Whitecross M I. Temperature effects on formation and fine structure of Brassica napus leaf waxes. Australian Journal of Botany, 1976, 24:309-318.
49. Riederer M, Schneider G. The effect of the environment on the permeability and composition of Citrus leaf cuticles E. Composition of soluble cuticular lipids and correlation with transport properties. Planta, 1990, 180:154-165.
50. Shepherd T, Robertson G W, Griffiths D W, Birch A N E, Duncan G. Effects of environment on the composition of epicuticular wax from kale and swede. Phytochemistry, 1995, 40(2):407-417.
51. Dodd R S, Poveda M M. Environmental gradients and population divergence contriute to variation in cuticular wax composition in Juniperus communis. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 2003, 31:1257-1270.
52. Shepherd T, Griffiths D W. The effects ofstress on plant cuticularwaxes. Jew Phytologist, 2006, 171:469-499.
53. 2. Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany, 2003, 11(2): 190-196.
54. 2 and temperature on the leaf anatomical characteristics of eleven species. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2006, 26(2):326-333.
55. 2 enrichment, soil J, and water stress on needle surface wax formation in Pinus palustris (Pinaceae). Americal Journal of Botany, 1997, 84(9): 1070-1077.
56. Koti S, Reddy K R, Kakani V G, Zhao D L. Effects of carbon dioxide, temperature and ultraviolet-B radiation and their interactions on soybean (Glycine max L.)growth and development. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 2007, 60:1-10.
57. Graham E A, Nobel P S. Long-time effects of a doubled atmospheric CO2 concertration on the CAM species Agave deserti. Journal of Experimental Botany, 1996, 47(294):61-69.
58. 2 concentration on leaf anatomy and morphology in Panincum species representing different photosynthetic modes. 1nternational Journal Plant Science, 1999, 160(6):1063-1073.
59. 2: results from an 03-gradient and a face experiment. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 1999, 116:311-322.
60. 3. Nature, 2002, 420 (28):403-407.
61. Cape J N, Percy K E. Lse of needle epicuticular wax chemical omposition in the early diagnosis of norway spruce(Picea abies(L.) Karst.) decline in Europe. Chemosphere, 1998:36(4/5):895-900
62. Viskari E L. Epicuticular wax ofJorway spruce needles as indicator oftraffic pollutant deposition. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 2000, 121: 327-337.
63. Crossley A, Fowler D. The weathering of Scots pine epicuticular wax in polluted and clean air. Jew Phytologist, 1986, 103:207-218.
64. Bacic T, Krstin L, Rosa J, Popovic Z. Epicuticular wax on stomata of damaged silver fir trees (Abies alba Mill.). Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae, 2005, 74(2):159-166.
65. Trimbacher C, Weiss P. Jorway spruce: a novel method using surface characteristics and heavy metal concentrations of needles for a large-scale monitoring survey in Austria. Water, Air, Soil Pollution, 2004, 152(1/4):363-386.
66. Turunen M, Huttunen S, Percy K E. Epicuticular wax of subarctic Scots pine needles: response of sulphur and heavy metal deposition. Jew Phytologist, 1997, 135:501-515.
67. Percy K E, Baker E A. Effects ofsimulated acid rain on epicuticular wax production, morphology, chemical composition and on cuticular membrane thickness in two clones of Sitka spruce[ Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. ]. Jew Phytologist, 1770, 116:79-87.
68. Eurlan C M, Santos D, Salatino A, Domingos M. n-alkane distribution of leaves of Psidium guajava exposed to industrial air pollutants. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 2006, 57:100-105.
69. Eigenbrode S D. The effects of plant epicuticular waxy blooms on attachment and effectiveness of predatory insects. Arthropod Structure & Development, 2004, 33:71-102.
70. Brennan E B, Weinbaum S A. Stylet penetration and survival of three psyllid species on adult leaves and waxyand de-waxed juvenile leaves of Eucalyptus globulus. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 2001, 100:355-363.
71. Eigenbrode S D, Espelie K E, Shelton A M. Behavior of neonate dimondback moth larvae[ Plutella xylostella(L.) ] on leaves and on extracted leaf waxes of resistant and susceptible cabbages. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 1771, 17(7):1671-1704.
72. Woodhead S. Surface chemistry ofSorghum bicolor and its importance in feeding by Locusta migratoria. Physiological Entomology, 1773, 7(3):345-352.
73. Shepherd T, Robertson G W, Griffiths D W, Birch J E. Epicuticular wax composition in relation to aphid infestation and resistance in red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.). Phytochemistry, 1777, 52:1237-1254.
74. Eigenbrode S D. Effects of plant epicuticular lipids on insect herbivores. Annual Review Entomology, 1775, 40:171-174.
75. Turlings T C J, Tumlinson J H, Lewis W J. Exploitation of herbivore-induced plant orders by host-seeking parasitic wasps. Science, 1770, 250(1): 251-253.
76. Russin J S, Guo B Z, Tubajika K M, Brown L, Cleveland T E, Widstorm J W. Comparison of kernel wax from corn genotypes resistant or susceptible to Aspergillus flavus. Biochemistry and Cell Biology, 1777, 77(5):527-533.
77. Zinsou V, Wydra, Ahohuendo B, Schreiber L. Leaf waxes of cassava(Manihot esculenta Crantz) in relation to ecozong and resistance to Xanthomonas blight. Euphytica, 2006, 147:189-198.
78. Mendgen K, Hahn M, Deising H. Morphogenesis and mechanisms ofpenetration by plant pathogenic fungi. Annual Review ofPhytopathology, 1776, 34:364-376.
79. Rubiales D, Jiks R E. Avoidance of rust infection by some genotypes of Hordeum chilensedue to their relative inability to induce the formation of appressoria. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, 1776, 47(2): 77-101.
80. Podila G. P, Rogers L M, Kolattukudy P E. Chemical signals from avocado surface wax trigger germination and appressorium in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Plant Physiologist, 1773, 103:267-272.
81. Tsuba M, Katagiri G, Takeuchi Y, Yamaoka J. Chemical factors of the leaf surface involved in the morphogenesis of Blumeria graminis. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, 2002, 60:51-57.