Climate change effects on Arctic fjord and coastal macrobenthic diversity-observations and predictions

Marine Biodiversity

Volumn 41, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 71-85

  Wesławski, Jan Marcin ^a   Kendall, Michael A ^b   Włodarska Kowalczuk, Maria ^a   Iken, Katrin ^c   Kedra, Monika ^a   Legezynska, Joanna ^a   Sejr, Mikael Kristian ^d  

^a INSTITUTE OF OCEANOLOGY   (Poland)

^b PLYMOUTH MARINE LABORATORY   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA FAIRBANKS   (United States)

^d AARHUS UNIVERSITY   (Denmark)

Author keywords

Arctic; Benthos; Biodiversity; Climate change; Coastal

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARCHIPELAGO; CLIMATE CHANGE; CLIMATE EFFECT; FJORD; HABITAT TYPE; HIGH TEMPERATURE; ICE COVER; LARVA; MACROBENTHOS; MELTWATER; NEARSHORE ENVIRONMENT; POPULATION DISTRIBUTION; REFUGIUM; SALINITY; SPECIES DIVERSITY;

ARCTIC; ARCTIC OCEAN; BERING STRAIT; CANADA; SCANDINAVIA; SVALBARD; SVALBARD AND JAN MAYEN;

ANIMALIA;

EID: 79952625977     PISSN: 18671616     EISSN: 18671624     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s12526-010-0073-9     Document Type: Review

References (126)

1. ACIA (2005) Arctic climate impact assessment. Cambridge University Press, New York.
2. Alvsvåg J, Agnalt AL, Jørstad KE (2009) Evidence for a permanent establishment of the snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio) in the Barents Sea. Biol Invasions 11: 587-595.
3. Barnes DKA (1999) The influence of ice on polar nearshore benthos. J Mar Biol Ass UK 79: 401-407.
4. Barnes DKA, Kuklinski P (2003) High polar spatial competition: extreme hierarchies at extreme latitude. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 259: 17-28.
5. Beaugrand G, Reid PC, Ibanez F, Lindley JA, Edwards M (2002) Reorganisation of North Atlantic marine copepod biodiversity and climate. Science 296: 1692-1694.
6. Beaugrand G, Edwards M, Brander K, Luczac C, Ibanez F (2008) Causes and projections of abrupt climate-driven ecosystem shifts in the North Atlantic. Ecol Lett 11: 1157-1168.
7. 2 system in the Nordic Seas and northern North Atlantic to climate change. In: Drange H, Dokken TM, Furevik T, Gerdes R, Berger W (eds) Climate variability in the Nordic seas. Geophysical Monograph Series 158, AGU, pp 189-198.
8. Berge J, Johnsen G, Nilsen F, Gulliksen B, Slagstad D (2005) Ocean temperature oscillations enable reappearance of blue mussel Mytilus edulis in Svalbard after 1000 years of absence. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 303: 167-175.
9. Beuchel F, Gulliksen B, Carroll ML (2006) Long-term patterns of rocky bottom macrobenthic community structure in an Arctic fjord (Kongsfjorden, Svalbard) in relation to climate variability (1980-2003). J Mar Sys 63: 35-48.
10. Beukema JJ (1979) Biomass and species richness of the macrobenthic animals living on a tidal flat area in the Dutch Wadden Sea: effects of a severe winter. Neth J Sea Res 13: 203-223.
11. Blacker RW (1957) Benthic animals as indicators of hydrographic conditions and climate change in Svalbard waters. Fisheries Investigations, London, Series 2 20: 1-49.
12. Bluhm BA, Iken K, Mincks Hardy S, Sirenko BI, Holladay BA (2009) Community structure of epibenthic megafauna in the Chukchi Sea. Aquat Biol 7: 269-293.
13. Bluhm BA, Ambrose Jr WG, Bergmann M, Clough LM, Gebruk AV, Hasemann C, Iken K, Klages M, MacDonald IR, Renaud PE, Schewe I, Soltwedel T, Wlodarska-Kowalczuk M (2010) Diversity of the Arctic deep-sea benthos. Mar Biodiv (in press).
14. Born EW, Rysgaard S, Ehlme G, Sejr M, Acquarone M, Levermann N (2003) Underwater observations of foraging free-living Atlantic walruses (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) and estimates of their food consumption. Polar Biol 26: 348-357.
15. Brattegard T (1980) Why biologists are interested in fjords. In: Freeland HJ, Farmer DM, Levings CE (eds) Fjords oceanography. Plenum Press, New York, pp 53-66.
16. Brattegard T, Holthe T (1997) Distribution of marine, benthic macro-organisms in Norway. A tabulated catalogue. Preliminary edition. Research Report for DN, Nr. 1997-1, Trondheim.
17. Brown EJ, Finney B, Dommise M, Hills S (2005) Effects of commercial otter trawling on the physical environment of the southeastern Bering Sea. Cont Shelf Res 25: 1281-1301.
18. Carroll ML, Carroll J (2003) The Arctic seas. In: Black KD, Shimmield GB (eds) Biogeochemistry of marine systems. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, pp 127-156.
19. Christiansen JS, Karamushko OV, Fevolden SE, Praebl K (2008) Marine fishes of NE Greenland-diversity and adaptation. ICES 2008/B: 19, (http://www. ices. dk/products/CMdocs/CM-2008/B/B1908. pdf).
20. Christie HC, Jørgensen NM, Norderhaug KM, Waage-Nielsen E (2003) Species distribution and habitat exploitation of fauna associated with kelp (Laminaria hyperborea) along the Norwegian Coast. J Mar Biol Ass UK 83(4): 687-699.
21. Comiso JC (2006) Abrupt decline in the Arctic winter sea ice cover. Geophys Res Lett 33. doi:10.1029/2006GL027341.
22. Conlan KE, Kvitek RG (2005) Recolonization of soft-sediment ice scours on an exposed Arctic coast. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 286: 21-42.
23. Coyle KO, Bluhm BA, Konar B, Blanchard A, Highsmith RC (2007) Amphipod prey of gray whales in the northern Bering Sea: changes in biomass and distribution. Deep Sea Res II 54: 2906-2918.
24. Dahle S, Anisimova NA, Palerud R, Renaud PE, Pearson TH, Matishov GG (2009) Macrobenthic fauna of the Franz Josef Land archipelago. Pol Biol 32: 169-180.
25. Dickson RR, Meincke J, Vassie I, Jungclaus J, Østerhus S (1999) Possible predictability in overflow from the Denmark Strait. Nature 397: 243-246.
26. Drainville G (1970) The Saguenay fjord: the ichtyological fauna and ecological conditions. Nat Can 97: 623-666.
27. Drinkwater KF (2006) The regime shift of the 1920s and 1930s in the North Atlantic. Prog Oceanogr 68(2-4): 134-151.
28. Dunton K (1992) Arctic biogeography: the paradox of the marine benthic fauna and flora. Trends Ecol Evol 7: 183-189.
29. 13C evidence. Mar Biol 93: 615-625.
30. Eilertsen HC, Taasen JP, Weslawski JM (1989) Phytoplankton studies in the fjords of West Spitsbergen: physical environment and production in spring and summer. J Plankton Res 11(6): 1245-1260.
31. Ellingsen I, Slagstad D, Sundfjord A (2009) Modification of water masses in the Barents Sea and its coupling to ice dynamics: a model study. Ocean Dyn 59: 1095-1108.
32. Ellis DV, Wilce RT (1961) Arctic and Subarctic examples of intertidal zonation. Arctic 14: 224-235.
33. Espinosa F, Guerra Garcia JM (2005) Algae, macrofaunal assemblages and temperature: a quantitative approach to intertidal ecosystems of Iceland. Helgol Mar Res 59: 273-285.
34. 2 in the intertidal may compromise adult barnacle Semibalanus balanoides survival and embryonic development rate. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 389: 193-202.
35. Frederich M, Sartoris F et al (2001) Distribution patterns of decapod crustaceans in polar areas: a result of magnesium regulation? Polar Biol 24: 719-723.
36. Freitas C, Kovacs KM, Ims RA, Fedak MA, Lydersen C (2009) Deep into the ice: over-wintering and habitat selection in male Atlantic walruses. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 375: 247-261.
37. Golikov AN, Averincev VG (1977) Biocenoses of the upper regions of the shelf of Franz Josef Land archipelago and some regularities of their distribution. Iss Fauny Moriej 14(22): 5-54.
38. Golikov AN, Scarlato OA, Averincev VG, Menshutkina TV, Novikov OK, Sheremetevsky AM (1990) Ecosystems of the New Siberian shoals their distribution and functioning. Issl Fauny Moriej 37(45): 4-79.
39. Gollasch S (2006) Overview on introduced aquatic species in European navigational and adjacent waters. Helgol Mar Res 60: 84-89.
40. Gradinger R, Friedrich C, Spindler M (1999) Abundance, biomass and composition of the sea ice biota of the Greenland Sea pack ice. Deep Sea Res 46: 1457-1472.
41. Grebmeier JM, Overland JE, Moore SE, Farley EV, Carmack EC, Cooper LW, Frey KE, Helle JH, McLaughlin FA, McNutt SL (2006) A major ecosystem shift in the northern Bering Sea. Science 311: 1461-1464.
42. Greene CH, Pershing AJ, Cronin TM, Ceci N (2008) Arctic climate change and its impacts on the ecology of the North. Ecology 89: S24-S38.
43. Gurjanova EF (1951) Gammaridea of the seas of U. S. S. R. and adjacent waters. Fauna SSSR vol. 41: 1-1031 [in Russian].
44. Gutt J (2001) On the direct impact of ice on marine benthic communities, a review. Polar Biol 24: 553-564.
45. Havas M, Rosseland BO (2004) Response of zooplankton, benthos and fish to acidification: an overview. Water Air Soil Poll 85: 51-62.
46. Hawkins SJ, Moore PJ, Burrows MT, Poloczanska E, Mieszkowska N, Herbert RJH, Jenkins SR, Thompson RC, Genner MJ, Southward AJ (2008) Complex interactions in a rapidly changing world: responses of rocky shore communities to recent climate change. Climate Res 37: 123-133.
47. Helmuth B, Mieszkowska N, Moore P, Hawkins SJ (2006) Living on the edge of two changing worlds: forecasting the responses of rocky intertidal ecosystems to climate change. Ann Rev Ecol Evol Syst 37: 373-404.
48. Hewitt J, Thrush S, Lohrer A, Townsend M (2009) A latent threat to biodiversity: consequences of a small-scale heterogeneity loss. Biodivers Conserv 19: 1315-1323.
49. Holte B, Gulliksen B (1998) Common macrofaunal dominant species in the sediments of some North Norwegian and Svalbard glacial fjords. Pol Biol 19: 375-382.
50. Hop H, Falk Petersen S, Svendsen H, Kwasniewski S, Pavlov V, Pavlova O, Soreide J (2006) Physical and biological characteristics of the pelagic system across Fram Strait to Kongsfjorden. Prog Oceanogr 71: 182-231.
51. Hunt GL, Stabeno P, Walters G, Sinclair E, Brodeur RD, Napp JM, Bond NA (2002) Climate change and control of the southeastern Bering Sea pelagic ecosystem. Deep Sea Res II 49: 5821-5853.
52. Huston M (1979) A general hypothesis of spceis diversity. Am Nat 113: 81-101.
53. Jewett SC, Clough LM, Blanchard AL, Ambrose WG, Feder HM, Hoberg MK, Whiting AV (2009) Nearshore macrobenthos of northern Kotzebue Sound Alaska, with reference to local sewage disposal. Polar Biol 32(11): 1665-1680.
54. Johanesson K, Johanesson B (1995) Dispersal and population expansion in a direct developing marine snail (Littorina saxatilis) following a severe population bottleneck. Hydrobiologia 309: 173-180.
55. Johannessen OM, Miles MW (2000) Arctic sea ice and climate change- will the ice disappear in this century? Sci Prog 83(3): 209-222.
56. Jonasson JP, Thorarinsdottir G, Eiriksson H, Solmundsson J, Marteinsdottir G (2007) Collapse of the fishery for Iceland scallop (Chlamys islandica) in Breidafjordur, West Iceland. ICES J Mar Sci 64: 298-308.
57. Kaczmarek H, Wlodarska- Kowalczuk M, Legezynska J, Zajaczkowski M (2005) Shallow sublittoral macrozoobenthos in Kongsfjord, West Spitsbergen, Svalbard. Pol Pol Res 26: 137-155.
58. Keck A, Wiktor J, Hapter R, Nilsen R (1999) Phytoplankton assemblages related to physical gradients in an Arctic glacier-fed fjord in summer. ICES J Mar Sci 56: 194-202.
59. Kedra M (2008) Interannual changes in the biodiversity of the Arctic soft bottom macrobenthos in Kongsfjorden, Spitsbergen. PhD thesis, Institute of Oceanology Polish Academy of Sciences, Sopot.
60. Kedra M, Wlodarska-Kowalczuk M, Weslawski JM (2010) Decadal change in a macrobenthic soft bottom community structure in a high Arctic fjord (Kongsfjorden, Svalbard). Polar Biol 33: 1-11.
61. Kendall MA, Widdicombe S, Weslawski JM (2003) A multi-scale study of the biodiversity of the benthic infauna of the high latitude Kongsfjord, Svalbard. Polar Biol 26: 383-388.
62. Konar B, Iken K, Edwards M (2009) Depth stratified community zonation patterns on Gulf of Alaska rocky shores. Mar Ecol 30: 63-73.
63. Kuklinski P, Barnes DKA (2005) Microhabitat diversity of Svalbard Bryozoa. J Nat Hist 39: 539-554.
64. Maslowski W, Roman R, Kinney JC (2008) Effects of mesoscale eddies on the flow of the Alaskan Stream. J Geophys Res 113: C07036. doi: 10. 1029/2007JC004341.
65. McConnaughey RA, Mier KL, Dew CB (2000) An examination of chronic trawling effects on soft-bottom benthos of the eastern Bering Sea. ICES J Mar Sci 57: 1377-1388.
66. McMahon KW, Ambrose WG, Johnson BJ, Sun MY, Lopez GR, Clough LM, Carroll ML (2006) Benthic community response to ice algae and phytoplankton in Ny Ålesund, Svalbard. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 310: 1-14.
67. Mieszkowska N, Hawkins SJ, Burrows MT, Kendall MA (2007) Long-term changes in the geographic distribution and population structures of Osilinus lineatus (Gastropoda: Trochidae) in Britain and Ireland. J Mar Biol Assoc UK 87: 537-545.
68. Mileikovsky SA (1968) Distribution of pelagic larvae of bottom invertebrates of the Norwegian and Barents Seas. Mar Biol 1: 164-167.
69. Moore PG (1977) Inorganic particulate suspensions in the sea and their efects on marine animals. Oceanogr Mar Biol Annu Rev 15: 225-363.
70. Motyka RJ, Hunter L, Echelmeyer K, Connor C (2003) Submarine melting at the terminus of a temperate tidewater glacier, LeConte Glacier, Alaska. Ann Glaciol 36: 57-65.
71. Orr JC, Fabry VJ, Aumont O, Bopp L, Doney SC, Feely RA, Gnanadesikan A, Gruber N, Ishida A, Joos F, Key RM, Lindsay K, Maier-Reimer E, Matear R, Monfray P, Mouchet A, Najjar RG, Plattner GK, Rodgers KB, Sabine CL, Sarmiento JL, Schlitzer R, Slater RD, Totterdell IJ, Weirig MF, Yamanaka Y, Yool A (2005) Anthropogenic ocean acidification over the twenty-first century and its impact on calcifying organisms. Nature 437: 681-686.
72. Palerud R, Gulliksen B, Brattegard T, Sneli A-J, Vader W (2004) The marine macro-organisms in Svalbard waters. In: Prestrud P, Strøm H, Goldman HV (eds) A catalogue of the terrestrial and marine animals of Svalbard. Norwegian Polar Institute, pp 1-137.
73. Pearson TH, Rosenberg R (1978) Macrobenthic succession in relation to 615 organic enrichment and pollution of the marine environment. Oceanogr Mar Biol Ann Rev 16: 229-311.
74. Petersen GH (1962) The distribution of Balanus balanoides (L.) and Littorina saxatilis, Olivi var. Groenlandica, Mencke in Northern West Greenland. Meddel Gronl 159: 8-39.
75. Petersen GH, Curtis MA (1980) Differences in energy flow through major components of subarctic, temperate and tropical marine shelf ecosystems. Dana 1: 53-64.
76. Piepenburg D, Archambault P, Ambrose WG Jr, Blanchard A, Bluhm BA, Carroll ML, Conlan K, Cusson M, Feder HM, Grebmeier JM, Jewett SC, Lévesque M, Petryashev VV, Sejr MK, Sirenko B, Włodarska-Kowalczuk M (2010) Towards a pan-Arctic inventory of the species diversity of the macro- and megabenthic fauna of the Arctic shelf seas. Mar Biodiv. doi: 10. 1007/s12526-010-0059-7.
77. Piwosz K, Walkusz W, Hapter R, Wieczorek P, Hop H, Wiktor J (2008) Comparison of productivity and phytoplankton in a warm (Kongsfjorden) and cold (Hornsund) Spitsbergen fjord in mid summer 2002. Polar Biol 32: 549-559.
78. Pope JG, Falk-Pedersen J, Jennings S, Rice JC, Gislason H, Daan N (2009) Honey, I cooled the cods: Modelling the effect of temperature on the structure of Boreal/Arctic fish ecosystems. Deep Sea Res II 56(21-22): 2097-2107.
79. Quijon PA, Snelgrove PVR (2005) Predation regulation of sedimentary faunal structure: potential effects of a fishery-induced switch in predators in a Newfoundland sub-Arctic fjord. Oecologia 144(1): 125-136.
80. Rabus BT, Echelmeyer KA (2002) Increase of 10 m ice temperature: climate warming or glacier thinning. J Glaciol 48: 279-286.
81. Rachold V, Are FE, Atkinson DE, Cherkasov G, Solomon SM (2004) Arctic coastal dynamics-an introduction. Geo Mar Lett 25: 63-68.
82. Ray GC, McCormick-Ray J, Berg P, Epstein HE (2006) Pacific walrus: benthic bioturbator of Beringia. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 330: 403-419.
83. Reise K, Simon M, Herre E (2001) Density-dependent recruitment after winter disturbance on tidal flats by the lugworm Arenicola marina. Helgol Mar Res 55: 161-165.
84. Renaud PE, Wlodarska-Kowalczuk TH, Holte B, Weslawski JM, Cochrane S, Dahle S, Gulliksen B (2007) Multidecadal stability of benthic community structure in a high Arctic glacial fjord (van Mijenfjord, Spitsbergen). Polar Biol 30: 295-305.
85. Renaud PE, Carroll ML, Ambrose WG Jr (2008a) Effects of global warming on Arctic sea-floor communities and its consequences for higher trophic levels. In: Duarte C (ed) Impacts of global warming on polar ecosystems. Bilbao, Fundacion BBVA.
86. Renaud PE, Morata N, Carroll ML, Denisenko SG, Reigstad M (2008b) Pelagic-benthic coupling in the western Barents Sea: processes and time scales. Deep Sea Res II 55(20-21): 2372-2380.
87. Rhoads DC, McCall PL, Yingst JY (1978) Disturbance and production on the estuarine seafloor. Am Sci 66: 577-586.
88. Rumohr H, Kujawski T (2000) The impact of trawl fishery on the epifauna of the southern North Sea. ICES J Mar Sci 57(5): 1389-1394.
89. Schmid MK, Piepenburg D (1993) The benthos zonation of the Disko Fjord, West Greenland. Medd Grønl Biosci 37: 3-21.
90. Scrosati R, Eckersley LK (2007) Thermal insulation of the intertidal zone by the ice foot. J Sea Res 58: 331-334.
91. Sejr M, Christensen PB (2007) Growth production and carbon demand of macrofauna in Young Sound with special emphasis on the bivalves Hiatella arctica and Mya truncata. Medd Grønl Biosci 58: 122-135.
92. Sejr MK, Nielsen TG, Rysgaard S, Sturluson M, Risgard-Petersen N, Blicher M (2007) Marine production and sedimentation during spring and autumn in Disko Bay, Greenland. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 341: 75-88.
93. Sejr MK, Blicher ME, Rysgaard S (2009) Sea ice cover affects inter-annual and geographic variation in growth of the Arctic cockle Clinocardium ciliatum (Bivalvia) in Greenland. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 389: 149-158.
94. Sejr MK, Włodarska-Kowalczuk M, Legeżyńska J, Blicher ME (2010) Macrobenthic species composition and diversity in the Godthaabsfjord system, SW Greenland. Polar Biol 33(4): 421-431.
95. Sirenko BI ed. (2001) List of species of free-living invertebrates of Eurasian Arctic Seas and adjacent deep waters. Explorations of the fauna of the seas (Zoological Institute RAS, St. Petersburg) 51(59): 1-76.
96. Sirenko BI, Gagaev SY (2007) Unusual abundance of macrobenthos and Pacific species invasions into the Chukchi Sea. Biologya Morya 33(6): 399-407.
97. Sneli JA (1968) The intertidal distribution of polychaetes and molluscs on a muddy shore in Nord-Möre. Sarsia 31: 63-68.
98. Stempniewicz L, Blachowiak-Samolyk K, Weslawski JM (2007) Impact of climate change on zooplankton communities, seabird populations and Arctic terrestrial ecosystem-a scenario. Deep Sea Res II 54: 2934-2433.
99. Sun MY, Carroll ML, Ambrose WG, Clough LM, Zou L, Lopez GR (2007) Rapid consumption of phytoplankton and ice algae by Arctic soft-sediment benthic communities: Evidence using natural and C-13-labeled food materials. J Mar Res 65(4): 561-588.
100. Sun MY, Clough LM, Carroll ML, Dai JH, Ambrose WG, Lopez GR (2009) Different responses of two common Arctic macrobenthic species (Macoma balthica and Monoporeia affinis) to phytoplankton and ice algae: Will climate change impacts be species specific? J Exp Mar Bio Ecol 376(2): 110-121.
101. Svendsen H, Beszczynska-Moller A, Hagen JO, Lefauconnier B, Tverberg V, Gerland S, Orbaek JB, Bischof K, Papucci C, Zajaczkowski M, Azzolini R, Bruland O, Wiencke C, Winther JG, Dallmann W (2002) The physical environment of Kongsfjorden-Krossfjorden, an Arctic fjord system in Svalbard. Polar Res 21: 133-166.
102. Syvitski JPM, Burell CD, Skei JM (1987) Fjords: processes and products. Springer, New York.
103. Syvitski JPM, Farrow GE, Atkinson RJA, Moore PG, Andrews JT (1989) Baffin Island fjord macrobenthos: bottom communities and environmental significance. Arctic 42: 232-247.
104. Vader W (1980) A record of Geryon tridens (Crustacea Decapoda) from the Barents Sea. Fauna Norv A 1(1): 46.
105. Vader W, Johnsen JR (2000) Schisturella pulchra (Hansen) (Lysianassoidea), a new amphipod for the Barents Sea area. Polskie Archiwum Hydrobiologii 47(3-4): 489-494.
106. Walczowski W, Piechura J (2006) New evidence of warming propagating toward the Arctic Ocean. Geoph Res Lett 33: L1 2601.
107. Walczowski W, Piechura J (2007) Pathways of the Greenland Sea warming. Geoph Res Lett 34: L1 0608.
108. Walther GR, Post E, Convey P, Menzel A, Parmesan C, Beebee TJC, Fromentin JM, Hoegh-Guldberg O, Bairlein F (2002) Ecological responses to recent climate change. Nature 416: 389-395.
109. Wassmann P, Reigstad M, Haug T, Rudels B, Carroll ML, Hop H, Gabrielsen GW, Falk-Petersen S, Denisenko SG, Arashkevich E, Slagstad D, Pavlova O (2006) Food webs andcarbon flux in the Barents Sea. Prog Oceanogr 71: 232-287.
110. Wassmann P, Duarte CM, Agusti S, Sejr MK (2010) Footprints of climate change in the Arctic marine ecosystem. Glob Change Biol. doi: 10. 1111/j. 1365. 2486. 2010. 02311. x.
111. Weslawski JM (1990) Distribution and ecology of coastal waters amphipods from Southern Spitsbergen. Pol Arch Hydrobiologii 37: 503-519.
112. Weslawski JM, Zajaczkowski M(1992) Benthic fauna and its environment in Tikhaia Bay, Hooker Island. Norsk Polarinstitutt Medd 120, Oslo, pp 35-42.
113. Weslawski JM, Szymelfenig M (1999) Community composition of tidal flats on Spitsbergen: consequence of disturbance? In: Gray JS, Ambrose W, Szaniawska A (eds) Biogeochemical cycling and sediment ecology. Kluver, Dordrecht Boston London, pp 185-193.
114. Weslawski JM, Kwaśniewski S, Wiktor J (1991) Winter in a Svalbard fjord ecosystem. Arctic 44: 115-123.
115. Weslawski JM, Zajaczkowski M, Wiktor J, Szymelfenig M (1997) Intertidal zone of Svalbard. 3 Littoral of a subarctic, oceanic island: Bjornoya. Polar Biol 18: 45-52.
116. Weslawski JM, Wiktor J Jr, Kotwicki L (2010) Increase in biodiversity in the arctic rocky littoral, Sorkappland, Svalbard, after 20 years of climate warming. Mar Biodiv 40: 123-130.
117. Widdicombe S, Spicer JI (2008) Predicting the impact of ocean acidification on benthic biodiversity: What can animal physiology tell us? J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 366(1-2): 187-197.
118. Wiktor J, Wojciechowska K (2005) Differences in taxonomic composition of summer phytoplankton in two fjords of West Spitsbergen, Svalbard. Pol Polar Res 26(4): 259-268.
119. Witman JD, Cusson M, Archambault P, Pershing AJ, Mieskowska N (2008) The relation between productivity and species diversity in temperate-arctic marine ecosystems. Ecology 89: S66-S80.
120. Wlodarska M, Weslawski JM, Gromisz S (1996) A comparison of the macrofaunal community structure and diversity in two arctic glacial bays-a 'cold' one off Franz Josef Land and a 'warm' one off Spitsbergen. Oceanologia 38: 251-283.
121. Wlodarska-Kowalczuk M, Weslawski JM (2001) Impact of climate warming on Arctic benthic biodiversity: a case study of two Arctic glacial bays. Climate Res 18: 127-132.
122. Wlodarska-Kowalczuk M, Weslawski JM (2008) Mesoscale spatial structures of soft bottom macrozoobenthos communities: effects of physical control and impoverishment. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 35: 215-224.
123. Wlodarska-Kowalczuk M, Pearson T, Kendall MA (2005) Benthic response to chronic natural physical disturbance by glacial sedimentation in an Arctic fjord. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 303: 31-41.
124. Włodarska-Kowalczuk M, Kuklinski P, Ronowicz M, Legeżyńska J, Gromisz S (2009) Assessing species richness of macrofauna associated with macroalgae in Arctic kelp forests (Hornsund, Svalbard). Polar Biol 32: 897-905.
125. Zajaczkowski M, Nygard H, Hegseth EN, Berge J (2010) Vertical flux of particulate matter in an Arctic fjord: the case of lack of the sea ice cover in Adventfjorden 2006-2007. Polar Biol 33: 223-239.
126. Zenkevitch LA (1963) Biology of the seas of the U. S. S. R. Allen and Unwin, London.