Altered cerebral blood flow patterns associated with pathologic worry in the elderly

Depression and Anxiety

Volumn 28, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 202-209

  Andreescu, Carmen ^a,b   Gross, James J ^c   Lenze, Eric ^d   Edelman, Kathryn Dunfee ^a   Snyder, Sara ^a   Tanase, Costin ^a,e   Aizenstein, Howard ^a,f  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b John A Hartford Center of Excellence in Geriatric Psychiatry   (United States)

^c STANFORD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^f UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH   (United States)

Author keywords

Arterial spin labeling; Elderly; Functional MRI; Generalized anxiety; Pathologic worry

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; AGING; AMYGDALOID NUCLEUS; ARTICLE; BRAIN BLOOD FLOW; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CLINICAL ASSESSMENT; COGNITION; CONTROLLED STUDY; EMOTION; EMOTIONALITY; FEMALE; FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER; HUMAN; INSULA; MALE; NEUROANATOMY; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SPIN LABELING;

ADAPTATION, PSYCHOLOGICAL; AGED; AMYGDALA; ANXIETY DISORDERS; AROUSAL; BRAIN; BRAIN MAPPING; CEREBRAL CORTEX; COGNITION DISORDERS; DOMINANCE, CEREBRAL; DOWN-REGULATION; EMOTIONS; FEMALE; HUMANS; IMAGE PROCESSING, COMPUTER-ASSISTED; MAGNETIC RESONANCE ANGIOGRAPHY; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; OCCIPITAL LOBE; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; REFERENCE VALUES; REGIONAL BLOOD FLOW; TEMPORAL LOBE;

EID: 79952608431     PISSN: 10914269     EISSN: 15206394     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/da.20799     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. Diefenbach GJ, Stanley MA, Beck JG. Worry content reported by older adults with and without generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health 2001;5:269-274. (Pubitemid 32845621)
2. Borkovec TD, Shadick RN, Hopkins M. The nature of normal and pathological worry. In: Rappe RM, Barlow DH, editors. Chronic Anxiety: Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Mixed Anxiety-Depression. New York, NY: The Guilford Press; 1991:29-51.
3. Beekman AT, Bremmer MA, Deeg DJ, et al. Anxiety disorders in later life: a report from the longitudinal aging study, Amsterdam. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 1998;13:717-726. (Pubitemid 28491262)
4. Wittchen HU, Hoyer J. Generalized anxiety disorder: nature and course. J Clin Psychiatry 2001;62:15-19.
5. de Beurs E, Beekman AT, van Balkom AJ, Deeg DJ, van Dyck R, van Tilburg W. Consequences of anxiety in older persons: its effect on disability, well-being and use of health services. Psychol Med 1999;29:583-593. (Pubitemid 29261346)
6. Wetherell JL, Gatz M, Pedersen NL. A longitudinal analysis of anxiety and depressive symptoms. Psychol Aging 2001;16:187-195. (Pubitemid 32530281)
7. Mantella RC, Butters MA, Dew MA, et al. Cognitive impairment in late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2007;15:673-679.
8. Caudle DD, Senior AC, Wetherell JL, et al. Cognitive errors, symptom severity, and response to cognitive behavior therapy in older adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2007;15:680-689.
9. Astrom M. Generalized anxiety disorder in stroke patients. A 3-year longitudinal study. Stroke 1996;27:270-275.
10. Lenze EJ, Wetherell JL. Bringing the bedside to the bench, and then to the community: a prospectus for intervention research in late-life anxiety disorders. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2009;24:1-14.
11. Lenze EJ, Rollman BL, Shear MK, et al. Escitalopram for older adults with generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. J Am Med Assoc 2009;301:295-303.
12. Thorp SR, Ayers CR, Nuevo R, Stoddard JA, Sorell JT, Wetherell JL. Meta-analysis comparing different behavioral treatments for late-life anxiety. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2009;17:105-115.
13. Wetherell JL, Gatz M, Craske MG. Treatment of generalized anxiety disorder in older adults. J Consult Clin Psychol 2003;71:31-40. (Pubitemid 36150947)
14. Gross JJ, Thompson RA. In: Gross JJ, editor. Emotion Regulation: Conceptual Foundations. New York, NY: The Guilford Press; 2007.
15. Campbell-Sills L, Simmons AN, Lovero KL, Rochlin AA, Paulus MP, Stein MB. Functioning of neural systems supporting emotion regulation in anxiety-prone individuals. Neuroimage 2011;54:689-696. Epub 2010 Jul 29.
16. Monk CS, Telzer EH, Mogg K, et al. Amygdala and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex activation to masked angry faces in children and adolescents with generalized anxiety disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2008;65:568-576. (Pubitemid 351645052)
17. Etkin A, Prater KE, Schatzberg AF, Menon V, Greicius MD. Disrupted amygdalar subregion functional connectivity and evidence of a compensatory network in generalized anxiety disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2009;66:1361-1372.
18. Etkin A, Prater KE, Hoeft F, Menon V, Schatzberg AF. Failure of anterior cingulate activation and connectivity with the amygdala during implicit regulation of emotional processing in generalized anxiety disorder. Am J Psychiatry 2010;167:545-554.
19. Nitschke JB, Sarinopoulos I, Oathes DJ, et al. Anticipatory activation in the amygdala and anterior cingulate in generalized anxiety disorder and prediction of treatment response. Am J Psychiatry 2009;166:302-310.
20. Whalen PJ, Johnstone T, Somerville LH, et al. A functional magnetic resonance imaging predictor of treatment response to venlafaxine in generalized anxiety disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2008;63:858-863. (Pubitemid 351458450)
21. Paulesu E, Sambugaro E, Torti T, et al. Neural correlates of worry in generalized anxiety disorder and in normal controls: a functional MRI study. Psychol Med 2010;40:117-124.
22. Davis M, Young LL. Fear and anxiety: possible roles of the amygdala and bed nucleus of stria terminalis. Cognition Emotion 1998;12:277-305. (Pubitemid 128467541)
23. Davis M, Shi C. The extended amygdala: are the central nucleus of the amygdala and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis differentially involved in fear versus anxiety? Ann NY Acad Sci 1999;877:281-291.
24. Stein MB, Simmons AN, Feinstein JS, Paulus MP. Increased amygdala and insula activation during emotion processing in anxiety-prone subjects. Am J Psychiatry 2007;164:318-327.
25. Smith GS, Gunning-Dixon FM, Lotrich FE, Taylor WD, Evans JD. Translational research in late-life mood disorders: implications for future intervention and prevention research. Neuropsychopharmacology 2007;32:1857-1875. (Pubitemid 47258525)
26. Chelminski I, Zimmerman M. Pathological worry in depressed and anxious patients. J Anxiety Disord 2003;17:533-546. (Pubitemid 36993766)
27. Mennin DS, Heimberg RG, Fresco DM, Ritter MR. Is generalized anxiety disorder an anxiety or mood disorder? Considering multiple factors as we ponder the fate of GAD. Depress Anxiety 2008;25:289-299. (Pubitemid 351614564)
28. Williams DS, Detre JA, Leigh JS, Koretsky AP. Magnetic resonance imaging of perfusion using spin inversion of arterial water. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1992;89:212-216.
29. Wang Z, Aguirre GK, Rao H, et al. Empirical optimization of ASL data analysis using an ASL data processing toolbox: ASLtbx. Magn Reson Imaging 2008;26:261-269.
30. Paulesu E, Sambugaro T, Torti L, et al. Neural correlates of worry in generalized anxiety disorder and in normal controls: a functional MRI study. Psychol Med 2010;40:117-124. Epub 2009 May 7.
31. Ochsner KN, Ray RD, Cooper JC, et al. For better or for worse: neural systems supporting the cognitive down- and up-regulation of negative emotion. Neuroimage 2004;23:483-499. (Pubitemid 39370600)
32. First MSR, Gibbon M, Williams JBW. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders - Patient Edition (SCID-I/P). 2nd ed. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc.; 1995.
33. Hamilton M. The assessment of anxiety states by rating. Br J Med Psychol 1959;32:50-55.
34. Meyer TJ, Miller ML, Metzger RL, Borkovec TD. Development and validation of the Penn State worry questionnaire. Behav Res Ther 1990;28:487-495.
35. Andreescu C, Belnap BH, Rollman BL, et al. Generalized anxiety disorder severity scale validation in older adults. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2008;16:813-818.
36. Randolph C, Tierney MC, Mohr E, Chase TN. The repeatable battery for the assessment of neuropsychological status (RBANS): preliminary clinical validity. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 1998;20:310-319. (Pubitemid 28539551)
37. Delis DC, Kaplan E, Kramer JH. Delis Kaplan Executive Function System Examiner's Manual. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation; 2001.
38. Wang J, Licht DJ, Jahng GH, et al. Pediatric perfusion imaging using pulsed arterial spin labeling. J Magn Reson Imaging 2003;18:404-413. (Pubitemid 37187592)
39. Koziak AM, Winter J, Lee TY, Thompson RT, St Lawrence KS. Validation study of a pulsed arterial spin labeling technique by comparison to perfusion computed tomography. Magn Reson Imaging 2008;26:543-553. (Pubitemid 351508342)
40. Ewing JR, Cao Y, Knight RA, Fenstermacher JD. Arterial spin labeling: validity testing and comparison studies. J Magn Reson Imaging 2005;22:737-740. (Pubitemid 41741240)
41. Holmes CJ, Hoge R, Collins L, Woods R, Toga AW, Evans AC. Enhancement of MR images using registration for signal averaging. J Comp Assist Tomo 1998;22:324-333. (Pubitemid 28155214)
42. Ishai A, Ungerleider LG, Haxby JV. Distributed neural systems for the generation of visual images. Neuron 2000;28:979-990. (Pubitemid 32038086)
43. Knauff M, Kassubek J, Mulack T, Greenlee MW. Cortical activation evoked by visual mental imagery as measured by fMRI. Neuroreport 2000;11:3957-3962. (Pubitemid 32038784)
44. Ochsner KN, Gross JJ. The cognitive control of emotion. Trends Cogn Sci 2005;9:242-249. (Pubitemid 40615112)
45. Phan KL, Fitzgerald DA, Nathan PJ, Moore GJ, Uhde TW, Tancer ME. Neural substrates for voluntary suppression of negative affect: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Biol Psychiatry 2005;57:210-219. (Pubitemid 40187364)
46. Borkovec TD, Inz J. The nature of worry in generalized anxiety disorder: a predominance of thought activity. Behav Res Ther 1990;28:153-158. (Pubitemid 20145832)
47. Hoehn-Saric R, Schlund MW, Wong SH. Effects of citalopram on worry and brain activation in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Psychiatry Res 2004;131:11-21. (Pubitemid 38891790)
48. Bush G, Luu P, Posner MI. Cognitive and emotional influences in anterior cingulate cortex. Trends Cogn Sci 2000;4:215-222. (Pubitemid 30332147)
49. Bissiere S, PLachta N, Hoyer D, et al. The rostral Anterior Cingulate Cortex modulates the efficiency of amygdala-dependent fear learning. Biol Psychiatry 2008;63:821-831.
50. Phillips ML, Drevets WC, Rauch SL, Lane R. Neurobiology of emotion perception I: the neural basis of normal emotion perception. Biol Psychiatry 2003;54:504-514. (Pubitemid 37289437)
51. Phillips ML, Ladouceur CD, Drevets WC. A neural model of voluntary and automatic emotion regulation: implications for understanding the pathophysiology and neurodevelopment of bipolar disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2008;13:829, 833-857. Epub 2008 Jun 24.
52. Drabant EM, McRae K, Manuck SB, Hariri AR, Gross JJ. Individual differences in typical reappraisal use predict amygdala and prefrontal responses. Biol Psychiatry 2009;65:367-373.
53. Mauss E, Bunge SA, Gross JJ. Automatic Emotion Regulation. Soc Pers Psychol Compass 2007;1:146-167.
54. Berkowitz RL, Coplan JD, Reddy DP, Gorman JM. The human dimension: how the prefrontal cortex modulates the subcortical fear response. Rev Neurosci 2007;18:191-207.
55. Bishop SJ. Neurocognitive mechanisms of anxiety: an integrative account. Trends Cogn Sci 2007;11:307-316. (Pubitemid 46962335)
56. Carter CS, Macdonald AM, Botvinick M, et al. Parsing executive processes: strategic versus evaluative functions of the anterior cingulate cortex. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2000;97:1944-1948. (Pubitemid 30118548)
57. Goldin PR, McRae K, Ramel W, Gross JJ. The neural bases of emotion regulation: reappraisal and suppression of negative emotion. Biol Psychiatry 2008;63:577-586. (Pubitemid 351273191)
58. Ovbiagele B, Saver JL. Cerebral white matter hyperintensities on MRI: current concepts and therapeutic implications. Cerebrovasc Dis 2006;22:83-90. (Pubitemid 44114448)
59. Thorp SR, Ayers CR, Nuevo R, Stoddard JA, Sorrell JT, Wetherell JL. Meta-analysis comparing different behavioral treatments for late-life anxiety. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2009;17:105-115.
60. Mohlman J. Psychosocial treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder: current status and future directions. Clin Psychol Rev 2004;24:149-169. (Pubitemid 38470001)
61. Wetherell JL, Stoddard JA, White KS, et al. Augmenting antidepressant medication with modular CBT for geriatric generalized anxiety disorder: a pilot study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2010. [Epub ahead of print]
62. Goldin PR, Manber T, Hakimi S, Canli T, Gross JJ. Neural bases of social anxiety disorder: emotional reactivity and cognitive regulation during social and physical threat. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2009;66:170-180.
63. Beaudreau SA, O'Hara R. Late-life anxiety and cognitive impairment: a review. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2008;16:790-803.
64. Viviani R, Sim EJ, Lo H, et al. Components of variance in brain perfusion and the design of studies of individual differences: the baseline study. Neuroimage 2009;46:12-22.