The anatomy of Pantydraco caducus, a very basal sauropodomorph dinosaur from the Rhaetian (Upper Triassic) of South Wales UK

Revue de Paleobiologie

Volumn 29, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 341-404

  Galton, Peter M ^a,b,c   Kermack, Diane ^c,d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BRIDGEPORT   (United States)

^b YALE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c University College London ^*  (United Kingdom)

^d UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Anatomy; Asylosaurus; Dinosauria; Pantydraco, thecodontosaurus; Sauropodomorpha; Taxonomy; UK; Upper triassic

Indexed keywords

ANATOMY; DINOSAUR; FUNCTIONAL MORPHOLOGY; JUVENILE; PALEOENVIRONMENT; RHAETIAN; SKELETON; SPECIES DIVERSITY; TAXONOMY;

SOUTH WALES; UNITED KINGDOM; WALES;

ANIMALIA; DINOSAURIA; EFRAASIA MINOR; SATURNALIA TUPINIQUIM; SAUROPODA; SAUROPODOMORPHA;

EID: 79952603015     PISSN: 02536730     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (135)

1. ALLEN, D. (2003) - When Terrestrisuchus gracilis reaches puberty it becomes Saltoposuchus connectens! Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, Northbrook, 23 (3, Supplement) : 29 A.
2. ANON (1834) - Discovery of saurian bones in the Magnesian Conglomerate near Bristol. London, Edinburgh and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science, London, (3)5:463.
3. ATTRIDGE, J., A. W. CROMPTON & F. A. JENKINS, JR. (1985) -The southern African Liassic prosauropod Massospondylus discovered in North America. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, Lincoln, 5: 128-132.
4. BAEZ, A. M. & C. A. MARISCANO (2001) - A heterodontosaurid ornithischian dinosaur from the Upper Triassic of Patagonia. Ameghiniana, Buenos Aires, 38: 271-279.
5. BAI, Z., J. YANG & G. WANG (1990) - Yimenosaurus, a new genus of Prosauropoda from Yimen County, Yunnan Province. Yuxiwenbo (Yuxi Culture and Scholarship), Yunnan, 1: 14-23. (in Chinese)
6. BARRETT, P. M. (2000) - Paradigms, prosauropods and iguanas : speculation on the diets of extinct reptiles. In : H.-D. SUES (Ed.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Evolution of Terrestrial Herbivory, Perspectives from the Fossil Record: 42-12.
7. BARRETT, P. M. (2004) - Sauropodomorph dinosaur diversity in the upper Elliot Formation (Massospondylus range zone : Lower Jurassic) of South Africa. South African Journal of Science, Cape Town, 100: 501-503.
8. BARRETT, P. M. (2009) - A new basal sauropodomorph dinosaur from the Upper Elliot Formation (Lower Jurassic) of South Africa. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology Deerfield, 29: 1032-1045.
9. BARRETT, P. M. & P. UPCHURCH (2007) - The evolution of feeding mechanisms in early sauropodomorph dinosaurs. In : BARRETT, P. M. & D. J. BATTEN (Eds), Evolution and Paleobiology of Early Sauropodomorph Dinosaurs. Special Papers in Palaeontology, London, 77: 91-112.
10. BARRETT, P. M., P. UPCHURCH & X.-L. WANG (2005) - Cranial osteology of Lufengosaurus huenei YOUNG (Dinosauria : Prosauropoda) from the Lower Jurassic of Yunnan, People's Republic of China. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, Northbrook, 25: 806-822.
11. BARRETT, P. M., P. UPCHURCH, X.-D. ZHOU & X.-L. WANG (2007) - The skull of Yunnanosaurus huenei YOUNG, 1942 (Dinosauria : Prosauropoda) from the Lower Lufeng Formation (Lower Jurassic) of Yunnan, China. Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal, 150: 319-341.
12. BARRETT, P. M. & A. M. YATES (2005) - New information on the palate and lower jaw of Massospondylus (Dinosauria : Sauropodomorpha). Palaeontologia Africana, Johannesburg, 41: 123-130.
13. BENTON, M. J., L. JUUL, G. W. STORRS & P. M. GALTON (2000) - Anatomy and systematics of the prosauropod dinosaur Thecodontosaurus antiquus from the Upper Triassic of southwest England. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, Northbrook, 20: 71-102.
14. BENTON, M. J. & P. S. SPENCER (1995) - Fossil Reptiles of Great Britain. Geological Conservation Review Series, 10 (4), Chapman and Hall, London : 386 p.
15. BONAPARTE, J. F. (1978) - Coloradla brevis n. g. et n. sp. (Saurischia, Prosauropoda), dinosaurio Plateosauridae de la Formación los Colorados, Triasico Superior de La Rioja, Argentina. Ameghiniana, Buenos Aires, 15: 327-332.
16. BONAPARTE, J. F., G. BREA, C L. SCHULTZ & A. G. MARTINELLI (2007) - A new specimen of Guaibasaurus candelariensis (basal Saurischia) from the Late Triassic Caturrita Formation of southern Brazil. Historical Biology, London, 19: 73-82.
17. BONAPARTE, J. F., J. FERIGOLO & A. M. RIBEIRO (1999) - A new early Late Triassic saurischian dinosaur from Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. National Science Museum, Monographs, Tokyo, 15: 89-109.
18. BONAPARTE, J. F. & J. A. PUMARES (1995) - Notas sobre el primer craneo de Riojasaurus incertus (Dinosauria, Prosauropoda, Melanorosauridae) del Triassico Superior de La Rioja, Argentina. Ameghiniana, Buenos Aires, 32: 341-349.
19. BONAPARTE, J. F. & M. VINCE (1979) - El hallazgo del primer nido de dinosaurios triasicos (Saurischia, Prosauropoda) Triasico Superior de Patagonia. Ameghiniana, Buenos Aires, 16: 173-182.
20. BROCHU, C. A. (1996) - Closure of neurocentral sutures during crocodilian ontogeny: implications for maturity assessment in fossil archosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, Chicago, 16: 49-62.
21. BRUSATTE, S. C., S. J. NESBITT, R. B. IRMIS, R. J. BUTLER, M. J. BENTON & M. A. NORELL (2010) - The origin and early evolution of dinosaurs. Earth Science Reviews, London, 8 : 371-425. doi: 10.1016/j.carscirev.2010.04.001
22. BUTLER, R. J. (2007) - A primitive ornithischian dinosaur from the Late Triassic of South Africa, and the early evolution and diversification of Omithischia. Royal Society of London, Proceedings, B 274: 2041-2046. (doi: 10.1098/rspb .2007.0367)
23. BUTLER, R. J., L. B. PORRO & A. B. HECKERT (2006) - A supposed heterodontosaurid from the Rhaetian of Switzerland and a reassessment of the European Late Triassic record of Ornithischia (Dinosauria). Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie Monatshefte, Stuttgart, 2006: 613-633.
24. COOPER M. R. (1981) - The prosauropod dinosaur Massospondylus carinatus OWEN from Zimbabwe : its biology, mode of life and phylogenetic significance. National Museums and Monuments, Rhodesia, Occasional Papers, Bulawayo, B 6: 689-840.
25. CRUSH, P. J. (1984) - A late Triassic sphenosuchid crocodilian from Wales. Palaeontology, London, 27: 131-157.
26. EVANS, S. E. & J. HOOKER (2001) - Kenneth A. KERMACK, 1919-2000. Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, News Bulletin, Northbrook, 180: 138-139.
27. EZCURRA, M. D. (2010) - A new early dinosaur (Saurischia: Sauropodomorpha) from the Late Triassic of Argentina : a reassess of dinosaur origin and phylogeny. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, London, DOI :
28. EZCURRA, M. & F. NOVAS (2009) - Guaibasauridae, a new clade of Triassic basal sauropodomorphs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, Deerfield, 29 (3, Supplement) : 92A.
29. FEDAK, T. J. & P. M. GALTON (2007) - New information on the braincase and skull of Anchisaurus polyzelus (Lower Jurassic, Connecticut, USA; Saurischia: Sauropodomorpha): Implications for sauropodomorph systematics. In: BARRETT, P. M. & D. J. BATTEN (Eds), Evolution and Paleobiology of Early Sauropodomorph Dinosaurs. Special Papers in Palaeontology, London, 77: 245-260.
30. FLYNN, J. J., S.J. NESBITT, J. M. PARRISH, L. RANIVOHARIMANANA & A.R. WYSS (2010) - A new species of Azendohsaurus (Diapsida: Archosauromorpha) from the Triassic Isalo Group of southwestern Madagascar: cranium and mandible. Palaeontology, London, 53: 669-688.
31. FRAAS, E. (1913) - Die neusten Dinosaurierfunde in der Schwabischen Trias. Naturwissenschaften, Stuttgart, 45 : 1097-1100.
32. FRASER, N. (1988) - The osteology and relationships of Clevosaurus (Reptilia: Sphenodontida). Royal Society of London, Philosophical Transactions, B 321: 125-178.
33. FRASER, N. (1994) - Assemblages of small tetrapods from British Late Triassic fissure fills. In : FRASER, N. C. & H.-D. SUES (Eds), In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs. Early Mesozoic Tetrapods, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge: 214-226.
34. FRASER, N. (2006) - Dawn of the Dinosaurs. Life in the Triassic. Indiana University Press, Bloomington: 310 p.
35. FRASER, N. C., K. PADIAN, G. M. WALKDEN & A. L. M. DAVIS (2002) - Basal dinosauriform remains from Britain and the diagnosis of the Dinosauria. Palaeontology, London, 45 : 79-95.
36. GALLINA, P. A. (2009) - Sequence of neurocentral closure in Bonitosaura salgadoi (Sauropoda: Titanosauria). Jornadas Argentinas de Paleontologia de Vertebrados, Libro de Resumenes, San Rafael, 24: 34.
37. GALTON, P. M. (1973a) - On the anatomy and relationships of Efraasia diagnostica (HUENE) n. gen., a prosauropod dinosaur (Reptilia : Saurischia) from the Upper Triassic of Germany. Paläontologische Zeitschrift, Stuttgart, 47: 229-255.
38. GALTON, P. M. (1973b) - Cheeks in ornithischian dinosaurs. Lethaia, Oslo, 6: 67-89.
39. GALTON, P. M. (1976) - Prosauropod dinosaurs (Reptilia : Saurischia) of North America. Postilla, New Haven, 169: 1-98.
40. GALTON, P. M. (1984) - Cranial anatomy of the prosauropod dinosaur Plateosaurus from the Knollenmergel (Middle Keuper, Upper Triassic) of Germany. I. Two complete skulls from Trossingen/Württ. with comments on the diet. Geologica et Palaeontologics, Marburg, 18: 139-171.
41. GALTON, P. M. (1985a) - Cranial anatomy of the prosauropod dinosaur Sellosaurus gracilis from the Middle Stubensandstein (Upper Triassic) of Nordwürttemberg, West Germany. Stuttgarter Beitrage Naturkunde, Stuttgart, B 118: 1-39.
42. GALTON, P. M. (1985b) - Cranial anatomy of the prosauropod dinosaur Plateosaurus from the Knollenmergel (Middle Keuper) of Germany. II. All the cranial material and details of soft-part anatomy. Geologica et Palaeontologies, Marburg,19: 119-159.
43. GALTON, P. M. (1985c) - Diet of prosauropod dinosaurs from the Late Triassic and Early Jurassic. Lethaia, Oslo, 18: 105-123.
44. GALTON, P. M. (1986) - Herbivorous adaptations of Late Triassic and Early Jurassic dinosaurs. In : K. PADIAN (Ed.), The Beginning of the Age of Dinosaurs. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge : 203-221.
45. GALTON, P. M. (1990) - Prosauropoda. In : WEISHAMPEL, D. B., P. DODSON & H. OSMÓLSKA (Eds), The Dinosauria, University of California Press, Berkeley, 1st. Hardback Edn: 320-344.
46. GALTON, P. M. (1998) - Saurischian dinosaurs from the Upper Triassic of England: Camelotia (Prosauropoda, Melanorosauridae) and Avalonianus (Theropoda, ?Carnosauria). Palaeontographica, Stuttgart, (A) 250: 155-172.
47. GALTON, P. M. (2001) - The prosauropod dinosaur Plateosaurus MEYER, 1837 (Saurischia: Sauropodomorpha; Upper Triassic). II. Notes on the referred species. Revue de Paléobiologie, Geneva, 20: 435-502.
48. GALTON, P. M. (2005a) - Bones of large dinosaurs (Prosauropoda and Stegosauria) from the Rhaetic Bone Bed (Upper Triassic) of Aust Cliff, southwest England. Revue de Paléobiologie, Geneva, 25: 51-74.
49. GALTON, P. M. (2005b) - Basal sauropodomorph dinosaur taxa Thecodontosaurus RILEY & STUTCHBURY, 1836, T. antiquus MORRIS, 1843 and T. caducus YATES, 2003: their status re. humeral morphs from the 1834 fissure fill (Upper Triassic) in Clifton, Bristol, UK. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, Northbrook, 24 (3, Supplement) : 61A.
50. GALTON, P. M. (2007) - Notes on the remains of archosaurian reptiles, mostly basal sauropodomorph dinosaurs, from the 1834 fissure fill (Upper Triassic) at Clifton, in Bristol, southwest England. Revue de Paléobiologie, Geneva, 26 : 501-591.
51. GALTON, P. M. (2009) - Notes on Neocomian (Lower Cretaceous) ornithopod dinosaurs from England - Hypsilophodon, Valdosaurus, "Camptosaurus", "Iguanodon" - and referred specimens from Romania and elsewhere .Revue de Paléobiologie, Geneva, 28: 211-273.
52. GALTON, P. M. & R. T. BARKER (1985) - The cranial anatomy of the prosauropod dinosaur "Efraasia diagnostica", a juvenile individual of Sellosaurus gracilis from the Upper Triassic of Nordwürttemberg, West Germany. Stuttgarter Beitrage Naturkunde, Stuttgart, B 117: 1-15.
53. GALTON, P. M. & P. UPCHURCH (2004) - Prosauropoda. In: WEISHAMPEL, D. B., P. DODSON & H. OSMÓLSKA (Eds), The Dinosauria, University of California Press, Berkeley, 2nd. Edn: 232-258.
54. GALTON, P. M., J. VAN HEERDEN & A. M. YATES (2005) - Postcranial anatomy of referred specimens of the sauropodomorph Melanorosaurus from the Upper Triassic of South Africa. In: TIDWELL, V. & K. CARPENTER (Eds.), Thunderlizards. The Sauropodomorph Dinosaurs. Indiana University Press, Bloomington: 1-37.
55. GALTON, P. M., A. M. YATES & D. KERMACK (2007) - Pantydraco n. gen. for Thecodontosaurus caducus YATES, 2003, a basal sauropodomorph dinosaur from the Upper Triassic or Lower Jurassic of South Wales, UK. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandulungen, Stuttgart, 243: 119-125.
56. GAUFFRE, F. X. (1993) - The prosauropod dinosaur Azendohsaurus laaroussii from the Upper Triassic of Morocco. Palaeontology, London, 36: 897-908.
57. GOW, C E. (1990) - Morphology and growth of the Massospondylus braincase (Dinosauria Prosauropoda). Palaeontologia Africana, Johannesburg, 27: 59-75.
58. GOW, C. E., J. W. KITCHING & M. A. RAATH (1990) - Skulls of the prosauropod dinosaur Massospondylus carinatus OWEN in the collections of the Bernard PRICE Institute for Palaeontological Research. Palaeontologia Africana, Johannesburg, 27: 45-58.
59. HUENE, F. V. (1908) - Die Dinosaurier der europaischen Triasformation mit Berucksichtigung der aussereuropaischen Vorkommnisse. Geologie und Palaotntologie Abhandlungen, Berlin, Supplement 1: 1-419, Atlas.
60. HUENE, F. V. (1921) - Neue Pseudosuchier und Coelurosauria aus dem Wurttembergischen Keuper. Acta Zoologica, Uppsala, 2: 329-403.
61. HUENE, F. V. (1926) - Vollstandige Osteologie eines Plateosauriden aus der Schwabischen Trias. Geologic und Paläontologie Abhandlungen, Berlin, N.F.15: 129-179.
62. HUENE, F. V. (1932) - Die fossile Reptil-Ordnung Saurischia, ihre Entwicklung und Geschichte. Geologic und Palaontologie Abhandlungen Monographie, Berlin, (1) 4: 1-361, Atlas.
63. HUXLEY, T. H. (1870) - On the classification of the Dinosauria with observations on the Dinosauria of the Trias. Geological Society of London, Quarterly Journal, 26: 32-51.
64. IKEJIRI, T. (2003) - Sequence of closure of neurocentral sutures in Camarasaurus (Sauropoda) and implications for phytogeny in Reptilia. Journal of vertebrate Paleontology, Northbrook, 23 (3, Supplement) : 65A.
65. IKEJIRI, T., V. TIDWELL & D. L. TREXLER (2005) - New adult specimens of Camarasaurus lentus highlight ontogenetic variation within the species. In: TIDWELL. V & K. CARPENTER (Eds), Indiana University Press, Bloomington, Thunder-lizards : the Sauropodomorph Dinosaurs: 154-179.
66. IRMIS, R. B. (2007) - Axial skeletal ontogeny in the Parasuchia (Archosauria : Pseudosuchia) and its implications for ontogenetic determination in archosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, Northbrook, 27: 350-361.
67. IRMIS, R. B., W. G. PARKER, S. J. NESBITT & J. LIU (2007) -Early ornithischian dinosaurs : the Triassic record. Historical Biology, London, 19: 3-22.
68. JAEKEL, O. (1913-14) - Über die Wirbeltierfunde in der oberen Trias von Halberstadt. Palaeontologische Zeitschrift, Berlin, 1 (I) : 155-160 (1913), (2) : 161-215 (1914).
69. KERMACK, D. (1984) - New prosauropod material from South Wales. Linnean Society of London, Proceedings, 82: 101-117.
70. KERMACK, K. A. (1956) - An ancestral crocodile from South Wales. Linnean Society of London, Proceedings, 166: 1-2.
71. KERMACK, K. A., F. MUSSETT & H. W. RIGNEY (1973) - The lower jaw of Morganucodon. Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal, 53 : 87-175.
72. KNOLL, F. (2010) - A primitive sauropodomorph from the upper Elliot Formation of Lesotho. Geological Magazine, London, doi :10.1017/ S001675681000018X
73. LANGER, M. C. (2003) - The pelvic and hind limb anatomy of the stem-sauropodomorph Saturnalia tupiniquim (Late Triassic, Brazil). PaleoBios, Berkeley, 23 (2) : 1-40.
74. LANGER, M. C., F. ABDALER, M. RICHTER & M. J. BENTON (1999) - A sauropodomorph dinosaur from the Upper Triassic (Carnian) of southern Brazil. Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences, Sciences de la Terre et des Planetes, Paris, 329: 511-517.
75. LANGER, M. C. & M. J. BENTON (2006) - Early dinosaurs: A phylogenetic study. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, London, 4: 309-358.
76. LANGER, M. C., M. D. EZCURRA, J. BITTENCOURT & F. E. NOVAS (2009) - The origin and early evolution of dinosaurs. Biological Reviews, Cambridge, 84: 1-56.
77. LANGER, M. C., M. A. G. FRANCA & S. GABRIEL (2007) - The pectoral girdle and forelimb anatomy of the stem-sauropodomorph Saturnalia tupiniquim (Upper Triassic, Brazil). In : BARRETT, P. M. & D. J. BATTEN (Eds), Evolution and Paleobiology of Early Sauropodomorph Dinosaurs. Special Papers in Palaeontology, London, 77: 113-137.
78. MADSEN, J. H., Jr., J. S. MCINTOSH & D. S. BERMAN (1995) -Skull and atlas-axis complex of the Upper Jurassic sauropod Camarasaurus COPE (Reptilia: Saurischia). Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Bulletin, Pittsburgh, 31: 1-115.
79. MAISANO, J. A. (2002) - Terminal fusions of skeletal elements as indicators of maturity in squamates. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, Northbrook, 22: 268-275.
80. MARSH, O. C (1892) - Notes on Triassic dinosaurs. American Journal of Science, New Haven, (3) 43: 543-546.
81. MARTINEZ, R. N. (2009) - Adeopapposaurus mognaigen. et sp. nov. (Dinosauria: Sauropodomorpha) with comments on adaptations of basal Sauropodomorpha. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, Deerfield, 29: 142-164.
82. MARTINEZ, R. N. & O. A. ALVOBER (2009) - A basal sauropodomorph (Dinosauria : Saurischia) from the Ischigualasto Formation (Triassic, Carnian) and the early evolution of Sauropodomorpha. PLoS ONE, 4 (2): 1-12 e4397. (doi:10.1371/journal.pone0004397)
83. MORRIS, J. (1843) - A Catalogue of British Fossils. London, J. van Voorst: 222 p.
84. MOSER, M. (2003) - Plateosaurus engelhardti MEYER, 1837 (Dinosauria: Sauropodomorpha) aus dem Feuerletten (Mittelkeuper ; Obertrias) von Bayern. Zitteliana, Munich, B 24: 3-186.
85. OWEN, R. (1842) - Report on British fossil reptiles. Part II. Annual Report of the Association for the Advancement of Science, 1841, London, 9: 60-204.
86. PARKER, W. G., R. B. IRMIS, S. J. NESBITT, J. W. MARTZ & L. S. BROWNE (2005) - The Late Triassic pseudosuchian Revuelltosaurus callenderi and its implications for the diversification of early omithischian dinosaurs. Royal Society of London, Proceedings, B 272: 963-969. (doi:10.1098/rspb.2004.3047)
87. PARRISH, J. M. (2006) - The origins of high browsing and the effects of phylogeny and scaling on neck length of sauropodomorphs. In : CARRANO, M. T., T. J. GAUDIN & J. R. WIBLE (Eds), Perspectives on the Evolution of Mammals, Birds and Reptiles : A Volume Honoring James Allen HOPSON: Amniote Paleobiology, University of Chicago Press, Chicago: 201-224.
88. POL, D. & J. E. POWELL (2005) - Anatomy and phylogenetic analysis of Mussauruspatagonicus (Dinosauria: Sauropodomorpha) from the Late Triassic of Patagonia. Boletim de Resumes de II Congresso Latino-Americano de Paleontologia de Verebrados, Museu Nacional Rio de Janeiro, Série Livroi, 12: 208-209.
89. POL, D. & J. E. POWELL (2007) - Skull anatomy of Mussaurus patagonicus (Dinosauria: Sauropodomorpha) from the Late Triassic of Patagonia. Historical Geology, Amsterdam, 19: 125-144.
90. RAUHUT, O. W. & A. HUNGERBÜHLER (2000) - A review of European Triassic theropods. Gaia, Lisbon, 15: 75-88.
91. REDELSTORFF, R. & P. M. SANDER (2009) - Long and girdle bone histology of Stegosaurus : Implications for growth and life history. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, Deerfield, 29: 1087-1099.
92. REISZ, R. R., D. SCOTT, H.-D. SUES, D. E. EVANS & M. A. RAATH (2005) - Embryos of an early Jurassic prosauropod dinosaur and their evolutionary significance. Science, Washington DC, 309: 761-764.
93. REYNOLDS, S. H. (1946) - The Aust section. CottswoldNaturalists'Field Club, Proceedings, Gloucester, 29: 29-39.
94. RILEY, H. & S. STUTCHBURY (1836) - A description of various remains of three distinct saurian animals discovered in the autumn of 1834, in the Magnesian Conglomerate on Durdham Down, near Bristol. Geological Society of London, Proceedings, 2: 397-399.
95. RILEY, H. & S. STUTCHBURY (1840) - A description of various remains of three distinct saurian animals, recently discovered in the Magnesian Conglomerate near Bristol. Geological Society of London, Transactions, (2) 5 : 349-357.
96. ROBINSON, P. L. (1957) - The Mesozoic fissures of the Bristol Channel area and their vertebrate faunas. Linnean Society of London, Journal of Zoology, 43 : 260-282.
97. ROBINSON, P. L. (1962) - Gliding lizards from the Upper Keuper of Great Britain. Geological Society of London, Proceedings, 1601: 37-46.
98. SEELEY, H. G. (1887) - On the classification of the fossil animals commonly named Dinosauria. Royal Society of London, Proceedings, 43 :165-171.
99. SERENO, P. (2007) - Basal Sauropodomorpha: Historical and recent phylogenetic hypotheses, with comments on Ammosaurus major (MARSH, 1889). In : BARRETT, P. M. & D. J. BATTEN (Eds), Evolution and Paleobiology of Early Sauropodomorph Dinosaurs. Special Papers in Palaeontology, London, 77: 261-289.
100. SIMPSON, G. G. (1984) - Preface. In : PATTERSON, C. (Ed.), Vertebrate Structure and History, Papers for Professor K. A. KERMACK F.L .S. Linnean Society of London, Proceedings, 82:3-6.
101. STORRS, G. W. (1994) - Fossil vertebrate faunas of the British Rhaetian (latest Triassic). Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal, 112: 217-259.
102. STORRS, G. W. (1999) - Tetrapods. In : SWIFT, A. & D.M. MARTILL (Eds), Fossils of the Rhaetian Penarth Group. Palaeontological Association Field Guide to Fossils, London, 9: 223-238.
103. SUES, H.-D., R. R. REISZ, S. HINIC & M. A. RAATH (2004) - On the skull of Massospondylus carinatus OWEN, 1854 (Dinosauria : Sauropodomorpha) from the Elliot and Clarens formations (Lower Jurassic) of South Africa. Annals of Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh, 73: 239-257.
104. UPCHURCH, P. (1997) - Prosauropoda. In : CURRIE, P. J. & K. PADIAN (Eds), Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs, Academic Press, New York: 598-607.
105. UPCHURCH, P., P. BARRETT & P. M. GALTON (2007) - A phylogenetic analysis of basal sauropodomorph relationships : Implications for the origin of sauropod dinosaurs. In : BARRETT, P. M. & D. J. BATTEN (Eds), Evolution and Paleobiology of Early Sauropodomorph Dinosaurs. Special Papers in Palaeontology, London, 77: 57-90.
106. VAN HEERDEN, J. (1979) - The morphology and taxonomy of Euskelosaurus (Reptilia: Saurischia; Late Triassic) from South Africa. Navors Nasional Museum, Bloemfontein, 4 : 21-84.
107. VAN HOEPEN, E. C N. (1920) - Contributions to the knowledge of the reptiles of the Karroo Formation. 6. Further dinosaurian material in the Transvaal Museum. Transvaal Museum, Annals, Pretoria, 7: 7-140.
108. WARRENER, D. (1983) - An Archisaurian Fauna from a Welsh Locality. Unpublished Ph. D. thesis in Zoology, University of London, London: 384 p.
109. WEDEL, M. (2005) - What pneumacity tells us about " prosauropods", and vice versa. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, Northbrook, 25 (3, Supplement): 128A.
110. WEDEL, M. (2006) - The origins of postcranial skeletal pneumacity in dinosaurs. Integrative Zoology, London, 2: 80-85.
111. WEDEL, M. (2007) - What pneumacity tells us about " prosauropods", and vice versa. In : BARRETT, P. M. & D. J. BATTEN (Eds), Evolution and Paleobiology of Early Sauropodomorph Dinosaurs. Special Papers in Palaeontology, London, 77: 207-222.
112. WEISHAMPEL, D. B. & F. WESTPHAL (1986) - Die Plateosaurier von Trossingen im Geologischen Institut der EberhardKarls-Universität Tübingen. Ausstellungskataloge der Universität Tübingen, 19: 1-27.
113. WELLES, S. P. (1984) - Dilophosaurus wetherilli (Dinosauria, Theropoda): osteology, and comparisons. Palaeontographica, Stuttgart, A 185: 85-180.
114. WHITESIDE, D. I. (1983) - A Fissure Fauna from Avon. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis in Geology, Bristol: University of Bristol: 229 p.
115. WHITESIDE, D. I. (1986) - The head skeleton of the Rhaetian sphenodontid Diphydontosaurus avonis gen. et sp. nov, and the modernizing of a living fossil. Royal Society of London, Philosophical Transactions, B 312: 379-430.
116. WHITESIDE, D. I. & J. E. A. MARSHALL (2008) - The age, fauna and palaeoenvironment of the Late Triassic fissure deposits of Tytherington, South Gloucestershire, UK. Geological Magazine, London, 145: 105-147.
117. WILSON, J. A. (1999) - A nomenclature for vertebral lamina in sauropods and other saurischian dinosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, Northbrook, 19: 639-653.
118. WILSON, J. A. (2006) - Anatomical nomenclature of fossil vertebrates : standardized terms or "lingua franca"? Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, Northbrook, 26: 511-518.
119. WILSON, J. A. & P. C. SERENO (1998) - Early evolution and higher-level phylogeny of sauropod dinosaurs. Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, Memoir, Northbrook, 5: 1-68.
120. YATES A.M. (2001) - A new look at Thecodontosaurus and the origin of sauropod dinosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, Northbrook, 21 (3, Supplement): 116A.
121. YATES A. M. (2003a) - A new species of the primitive dinosaur, Thecodontosaurus (Saurischia : Sauropodomorpha) and its implications for the systematics of early dinosaurs. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, London, 1: 1-42.
122. YATES A. M. (2003b) - The species taxonomy of the sauropodomorph dinosaurs from the Löwenstein Formation (Norian, Late Triassic) of Germany. Palaeontology, London, 46: 317-337.
123. YATES A. M. (2004a) - Anchisaurus polyzelus (HITCHCOCK) : the smallest known sauropod dinosaur and the evolution of gigantism amongst sauropodomorph dinosaurs. Postilla, New Haven, 230: 1-58.
124. YATES A. M. (2004b) - A definite prosauropod dinosaur from the Lower Elliot Formation (Norian: Upper Triassic) of South Africa. Palaeontologia Africana, Johannesburg, 39 : 63-68.
125. YATES, A. M. (2006) - Solving a dinosaurian puzzle : the identity of Aliwalia rex GALTON. Historical Biology, London, 19: 93-123 (2007). (doi:10:1080/08912960600866953)
126. YATES, A. M. (2007) - The first complete skull of the Triassic dinosaur Melanorosaurus HAUGHTON (Sauropodomorpha: Anchisauria). In: BARRETT, P. M. & D. J. BATTEN (Eds), Evolution and Paleobiology of Early Sauropodomorph Dinosaurs. Special Papers in Palaeontology, London, 77: 9-55.
127. YATES, A. M. (2010) - A revision of the problematic sauropodomorph dinosaurs from Manchester, Connecticut and the status of Anchisaurus MARSH. Palaeontology, London doi: 10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.00952x
128. YATES, A., M. WEDEL & M. BONNAN. (2009) - The early evolution of postcranial pneumacity in sauropodomorph dinosaurs: New evidence from South Africa. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, Deerfield, 29 (3, Supplement) : 204A.
129. YOUNG, C.-C. (1941a) - Gyposaurus sinensis (sp. nov.), a new Prosauropoda from the Upper Triassic Beds at Lufeng, Yunnan. 21: 205-253.
130. YOUNG, C.-C. (1941b) - A complete osteology of Lufengosaurus huenei YOUNG (gen. et sp. nov.). Paleontologica Sinica, Peking, C 7: 1-53.
131. YOUNG, C.-C. (1942) - Yunnosaurus huangi YOUNG (gen. et sp.nov.), a new Prosauropoda from the Red Beds at Lufeng, Yunnan. Bulletin of the Geological Society of China, Peking, 22: 63-104.
132. YOUNG, C.-C. (1947) - On Lufengosaurus magnus (sp. nov.) and additional finds of Lufengosaurus huenei YOUNG. Palaeontologica Sinica, Peking, 12: 1-53.
133. YOUNG, C.-C. (1948) - Further notes on Gyposaurus sinensis YOUNG. Bulletin of the Geological Society of China, Beijing, 28: 91-103.
134. YOUNG, C.-C. (1951) - The Lufeng saurischian fauna in China. Palaeontologia Sinica, Beijing, C 13 : 1-96.
135. ZHANG, Y & Z. YANG (1994) - A New Complete Osteology of Prosauropoda in Lufeng Basin. Yunnon China. Jingshanosaurus. Yunnan Publishing House of Science and Technology, Kunming : 100 p. (in Chinese with English abstract)