A primitive ornithischian dinosaur from the Late Triassic of South Africa, and the early evolution and diversification of Ornithischia

Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences

Volumn 274, Issue 1621, 2007, Pages 2041-2046

  Butler, Richard J ^a,b   Smith, Roger M H ^c   Norman, David B ^b  

^a DEPARTMENT OF LIFE SCIENCES   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

^c IZIKO SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM   (South Africa)

Author keywords

Elliot Formation; Genasauria; Heterodontosauridae; Late Triassic; Ornithischia

Indexed keywords

CLADISTICS; DINOSAUR; EVOLUTION; EXTINCTION; JURASSIC; MORPHOLOGY; PHYLOGENY; TAXONOMY; TRIASSIC;

ARTICLE; BIODIVERSITY; CONTROLLED STUDY; DINOSAUR; EVOLUTION; JURASSIC; MESOZOIC; NONHUMAN; ORNITHISCIA; PALEONTOLOGY; PHYLOGENY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SOUTH AFRICA;

AFRICA; SOUTH AFRICA; SOUTHERN AFRICA; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA;

DINOSAURIA; ORNITHISCHIA;

EID: 34547233696     PISSN: 09628452     EISSN: 14712970     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2007.0367     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Báez, A. M. & Marsicano, C. A. 2001 A heterodontosaurid ornithischian dinosaur from the Upper Triassic of Patagonia. Ameghiniana 38, 271-279.
2. Barrett, P. M. 2000 Prosauropod dinosaurs and iguanas: speculations on the diets of extinct reptiles. In Evolution of herbivory in terrestrial vertebrates: perspectives from the fossil record (ed. H.-D. Sues), pp. 42-78. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
3. Barrett, P. M., Butler, R. J. & Knoll, F. 2005 Small-bodied ornithischian dinosaurs from the Middle Jurassic of Sichuan China. J. Vertebr. Paleontol. 25, 823-834. (doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2005) 025[0823:SODFTM]2.0. CO;2)
4. Bonaparte, J. F. 1976 Pisanosaurus mertii Casamiquela and the origin of the Ornithischia. J. Paleontol. 50, 808-820.
5. Bordy, E. M., Hancox, P. J. & Rubidge, B. S. 2004 Basin development during the deposition of the Elliot Formation (Late Triassic-Early Jurassic), Karoo Supergroup, South Africa. S. Afr. J. Geol. 107, 397-412. (doi:10.2113/107.3. 397)
6. Brochu, C. A. 1996 Closure of neurocentral sutures during crocodilian ontogeny: implications for maturity assessment in fossil archosaurs. J. Vertebr. Paleontol. 16, 49-62.
7. Butler, R. J. 2005 The 'fabrosaurid' ornithischian dinosaurs of the Upper Elliot Formation (Lower Jurassic) of South Africa and Lesotho. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 145, 175-218. (doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2005.00182.x)
8. Butler, R. J., Porro, L. B. & Heckert, A. B. 2006 A supposed heterodontosaurid tooth from the Rhaetian of Switzerland and a reassessment of the European Late Triassic record of Ornithischia (Dinosauria). Neues Jahrb. Geol. P-M. 2006, 613-633.
9. Carrano, M. T. 1999 What, if anything, is a cursor? Categories versus continua for determining locomotor habit in mammals and dinosaurs. J. Zool. 247, 29-42. (doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1999.tb00190.x)
10. Colbert, E. H. 1981 A primitive ornithischian dinosaur from the Kayenta formation of Arizona. Bull. Museum N. AZ 53, 1-61.
11. Galton, P. M. 1971 The mode of life of Hypsilophodon, the supposedly arboreal ornithopod dinosaur. Lethaia 4, 453-465.
12. Galton, P. M. 1974 The ornithischian dinosaur Hypsilophodon from the Wealden of the Isle of Wight. Bull. Br. Museum (Nat. Hist.) Geol. 25, 1-152c.
13. Galton, P. M. 1989 Crania and endocranial casts from ornithopod dinosaurs of the families Dryosauridae and Hypsilophodontidae (Reptilia: Ornithischia). Geol. Palaeontol. 23, 217-239.
14. He, X. L., Cai, K. 1984 The Middle Jurassic dinosaurian fauna from Dashanpu, Zigong, Sichuan, vol. 1. The ornithopod dinosaurs. Chengdu, People's Republic of China. Sichuan Scientific and Technological Publishing House.
15. Irmis, R. B., Parker, W. G., Nesbitt, S. J. & Liu, J. 2007 Early ornithischian dinosaurs: the Triassic record. Hist. Biol. 19, 3-22. (doi:10.1080/08912960600719988)
16. Lucas, S. G. & Hancox, P. J. 2001 Tetrapod-based correlation of the nonmarine Upper Triassic of southern Africa. Albertiana 25, 5-9.
17. Norman, D. B., Witmer, L. M. & Weishampel, D. B. 2004a Basal Ornithischia. In The Dinosauria (eds D. B. Weishampel, P. Dodson & H. Osmólska), pp. 325-334, 2nd edn. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
18. Norman, D. B., Witmer, L. M. & Weishampel, D. B. 2004b Basal Thyreophora. In The Dinosauria (eds D. B. Weishampel, P. Dodson & H. Osmólska), pp. 335-342, 2nd edn. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
19. Novas, F. E. 1996 Dinosaur monophyly. J. Vertebr. Paleontol. 16, 723-741.
20. Olsen, P. E. & Sues, H.-D. 1986 Correlation of continental Late Triassic and Early Jurassic sediments, and patterns of the Triassic-Jurassic tetrapod transition. In The beginning of the age of dinosaurs (ed. K. Padian), pp. 321-351. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
21. Owen, R. 1842 Report on British fossil reptiles, part II. Rep. Br. Assoc. Adv. Sci. 1841, 60-294.
22. Parker, W. G., Irmis, R. B., Nesbitt, S. J., Martz, J. W. & Browne, L. S. 2005 The Late Triassic pseudosuchian Revueltosaurus callenderi and its implications for the diversity of early ornithischian dinosaurs. Proc. R. Soc. B 272, 963-969. (doi:10.1098/rspb.2004.3047)
23. Peng, G. 1992 Jurassic ornithopod Agilisaurus louderbacki (Ornithopoda: Fabrosauridae) from Zigong, Sichuan, China. Vertbr. PalAs. 30, 39-51.
24. Santa Luca, A. P. 1980 The postcranial skeleton of Heterodontosaurus tucki (Reptilia, Ornithischia) from the Stormberg of South Africa. Ann. S. Afr. Museum 79, 159-211.
25. Seeley, H. G. 1887 On the classification of the fossil animals commonly named Dinosauria. Proc. R. Soc. B 43, 165-171. (doi-.10.1098/rspl.1887.0117)
26. Sereno, P. C. 1986 Phylogeny of the bird-hipped dinosaurs (Order Ornithischia). Natl Geogr. Res. 2, 234-256.
27. Sereno, P. C. 1991 Lesothosaurus, fabrosaurids, and the early evolution of Ornithischia. J. Vertebr. Paleontol. 11, 168-197.
28. Sereno, P. C. 1993 The pectoral girdle and forelimb of the basal theropod Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis. J. Vertebr. Paleontol. 13, 425-450.
29. Sereno, P. C. 1997 The origin and evolution of dinosaurs. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 25, 435-489. (doi:10.1146/annurev.earth.25.1.435)
30. Sereno, P. C. 1999 The evolution of dinosaurs. Science 284, 2137-2147. (doi:10.1126/science.284.5423.2137)
31. Sereno, P. C. & Novas, F. E. 1993 The skull and neck of the basal theropod Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis. J. Vertebr. Paleontol. 13, 451-476.
32. Smith, R. M. H., Eriksson, P. G. & Botha, W. J. 1993 A review of the stratigraphy and sedimentary environments of the Karoo-aged basins of southern Africa. J. Afr. Earth Sci. 16, 143-169. (doi:10.1016/0899-5362(93) 90164-L)
33. Thulborn, R. A. 1972 The postcranial skeleton of the Triassic ornithischian dinosaur Fabrosaurus australis. Palaeontology 15, 29-60.
34. Weishampel, D. B., Dodson, P. & Osmolska, H. 2004a The Dinosauria, 2nd edn. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
35. Weishampel, D. B., Barrett, P. M., Coria, R. A., Le Loeuff, J., Xu, X., Zhao, X., Sahni, A., Gomani, E. M. P. & Noto, C. R. 2004b Dinosaur distribution. In The Dinosauria (eds D. B. Weishampel, P. Dodson & H. Osmolska), pp. 517-606, 2nd edn. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
36. Xu, X., Forster, C. A., Clark, J. M. & Mo, J. 2006 A basal ceratopsian with transitional features from the Late Jurassic of northwestern China. Proc. R. Soc. B 273, 2135-2140. (doi:10.1098/rspb.2006. 3566)