Age-Related Differences in Profiles of Mood-Change Trajectories

Developmental Psychology

Volumn 47, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 318-330

  Stanley, Jennifer Tehan ^a   Isaacowitz, Derek M ^a  

^a BRANDEIS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Aging; Gaze; Individual differences; Mood change

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AFFECT; AGE; AGED; AGING; ARTICLE; ATTENTION; COGNITION; EYE FIXATION; FACIAL EXPRESSION; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; METHODOLOGY; MIDDLE AGED; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST; PATTERN RECOGNITION; PHOTOSTIMULATION; PHYSIOLOGY; QUESTIONNAIRE; STATISTICS; VISUAL ACUITY;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AFFECT; AGE FACTORS; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; AGING; ATTENTION; COGNITION; FACIAL EXPRESSION; FEMALE; FIXATION, OCULAR; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; PATTERN RECOGNITION, VISUAL; PHOTIC STIMULATION; QUESTIONNAIRES; STATISTICS AS TOPIC; VISUAL ACUITY; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 79952602019     PISSN: 00121649     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0021023     Document Type: Article

References (99)

1. Allard E.S., Isaacowitz D.M. Are preferences in emotional processing affected by distraction? Examining the age-related positivity effect in visual fixation within a dual-task paradigm. Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition 2008, 15:725-743. doi: 10.1080/13825580802348562.
2. Bäckman L., Small B.J., Wahlin Å. Aging and memory: Cognitive and biological perspectives. Handbook of the psychology of aging 2001, 349-377. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. 5th ed. J.E. Birren, K.W. Schaie (Eds.).
3. Baltes P.B. On the incomplete architecture of human ontogeny: Selection, optimization, and compensation as foundation of developmental theory. American Psychologist 1997, 52:366-380. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.52.4.366.
4. Baltes P.B., Baltes M.M. Psychological perspectives on successful aging: The model of selective optimization with compensation. Successful aging: Perspectives from the behavioral sciences 1990, 1-34. Cambridge University Press, New York, NY, doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511665684.003. P.B. Baltes, M.M. Baltes (Eds.).
5. Bargh J.A., Ferguson M.J. Beyond behaviorism: On the automaticity of higher mental processes. Psychological Bulletin 2000, 126:925-945. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.126.6.925.
6. Barrick A.L., Hutchinson R.L., Deckers L.H. Age effects on positive and negative emotions. Journal of Social Behavior & Personality 1989, 4:421-429.
7. Birditt K.S., Fingerman K.L. Age and gender differences in adults' descriptions of emotional reactions to interpersonal problems. Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 2003, 58:237-245.
8. Birditt K.S., Fingerman K.L., Almeida D.M. Age differences in exposure and reactions to interpersonal tensions: A daily diary study. Psychology and Aging 2005, 20:330-340. doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.20.2.330.
9. Blanchard-Fields F. Everyday problem solving and emotion: An adult developmental perspective. Current Directions in Psychological Science 2007, 16:26-31. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8721.2007.00469.x.
10. Blanchard-Fields F., Coats A.H. The experience of anger and sadness in everyday problems impacts age differences in emotion regulation. Developmental Psychology 2008, 44:1547-1556. doi: 10.1037/a0013915.
11. Bolger N., Schilling E.A. Personality and the problems of everyday life: The role of neuroticism in exposure and reactivity to daily stressors. Journal of Personality 1991, 59:355-386. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.1991.tb00253.x.
12. Brandtstädter J., Greve W. The aging self: Stabilizing and protective processes. Developmental Review 1994, 14:52-80. doi: 10.1006/drev.1994.1003.
13. Carstensen L.L. Evidence for a life-span theory of socioemotional selectivity. Current Directions in Psychological Science 1995, 4:151-156. doi: 10.1111/1467-8721.ep11512261.
14. Carstensen L.L., Isaacowitz D.M., Charles S.T. Taking time seriously: A theory of socioemotional selectivity. American Psychologist 1999, 54:165-181. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.54.3.165.
15. Carstensen L.L., Mikels J.A. At the intersection of emotion and cognition: Aging and the positivity effect. Current Directions in Psychological Science 2005, 14:117-121. doi: 10.1111/j.0963-7214.2005.00348.x.
16. Carstensen L.L., Pasupathi M., Mayr U., Nesselroade J.R. Emotional experience in everyday life across the adult life span. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2000, 79:644-655. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.79.4.644.
17. Catanzaro S.J., Mearns J. Measuring generalized expectancies for negative mood regulation: Initial scale development and implications. Journal of Personality Assessment 1990, 54:546-563. doi: 10.1207/s15327752jpa5403&4_11.
18. Charles S.T., Carstensen L.L. Unpleasant situations elicit different emotional responses in younger and older adults. Psychology and Aging 2008, 23:495-504. doi: 10.1037/a0013284.
19. Charles S.T., Mather M., Carstensen L.L. Aging and emotional memory: The forgettable nature of negative images for older adults. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 2003, 132:310-324. doi: 10.1037/0096-3445.132.2.310.
20. Charles S.T., Reynolds C.A., Gatz M. Age-related differences and change in positive and negative affect over 23 years. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2001, 80:136-151. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.80.1.136.
21. Chayer C. The neurologic examination: Brief mental status. Journal of Geriatric Care 2002, 1:265-267.
22. Consedine N.S., Magai C., Bonanno G.A. Moderators of the emotion inhibition-health relationship: A review and research agenda. Review of General Psychology 2002, 6:204-228. doi: 10.1037/1089-2680.6.2.204.
23. Craik F.I.M. On the transfer of information from temporary to permanent memory. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B: Biological Sciences 1983, 302:341-359. doi: 10.1098/rstb.1983.0059.
24. Craik F.I.M. A functional account of age differences in memory. Human memory and cognitive capabilities, mechanisms, and performances 1986, 409-422. Elsevier, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. F. Flix, H. Hagendorf (Eds.).
25. Dannefer D. What's in a name?: An account of the neglect of variability in the study of aging. Emergent theories of aging 1988, 356-384. Springer, New York, NY. J.E. Birren, V.L. Bengston (Eds.).
26. Derryberry D., Reed M.A. Anxiety-related attentional biases and their regulation by attentional control. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 2002, 111:225-236. doi: 10.1037/0021-843X.111.2.225.
27. Diener E., Suh E.M. Subjective well-being and age: An international analysis. Annual review of gerontology and geriatrics: Focus on emotion and adult development 1998, 17:304-324. Springer, New York, NY. K.W. Schaie, M.P. Lawton (Eds.).
28. Diener E., Suh E.M., Lucas R.E., Smith H.L. Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress. Psychological Bulletin 1999, 125:276-302. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.125.2.276.
29. Eich E., Metcalfe J. Mood-dependent memory for internal versus external events. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 1989, 15:443-455. doi: 10.1037/0278-7393.15.3.443.
30. Eich E., Ng J.T.W., Macaulay D., Percy A.D., Grebneva I. Combining music with thought to change mood. Handbook of emotion Elicitation and assessment 2007, 124-136. Oxford University Press, Oxford, England. J.A. Coan, J.J.B. Allen (Eds.).
31. Ekman P., Friesen W.V. Unmasking the face: A guide to recognizing emotions from facial cues 1975, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
32. Fan J., McCandliss B.D., Sommer T., Raz A., Posner M.I. Testing the efficiency and independence of attentional networks. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 2002, 14:340-347. doi: 10.1162/089892902317361886.
33. Fiori K.L., Smith J., Antonucci T.C. Social network types among older adults: A multidimensional approach. Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 2007, 62:P322-P333.
34. Folstein M.F., Folstein S.E., McHugh P.R. Mini-Mental State: A practical method for grading the cognitive states of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research 1975, 12:189-198. doi: 10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6.
35. Gerstorf D., Smith J., Baltes P.B. A systematic-wholistic approach to differential aging: Longitudinal findings from the Berlin Aging Study. Psychology and Aging 2006, 21:645-663. doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.21.4.645.
36. Grühn D., Scheibe S. Age-related differences in valence and arousal ratings of pictures from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS): Do ratings become more extreme with age?. Behavior Research Methods 2008, 40:512-521. doi: 10.3758/BRM.40.2.512.
37. Griffin P.W., Mroczek D.K., Spiro A. Variability in affective change among aging men: Longitudinal findings from the VA Normative Aging Study. Journal of Research in Personality 2006, 40:942-965. doi: 10.1016/j.jrp.2005.09.011.
38. Gross J.J. The emerging field of emotion regulation: An integrative review. Review of General Psychology 1998, 2:271-299. doi: 10.1037/1089-2680.2.3.271.
39. Gross J.J., Carstensen L.L., Pasupathi M., Tsai J., Götestam Skorpen C., Hsu A.Y.C. Emotion and aging: Experience, expression, and control. Psychology and Aging 1997, 12:590-599. doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.12.4.590.
40. Gross J.J., Muñoz R.F. Emotion regulation and mental health. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice 1995, 2:151-164. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2850.1995.tb00036.x.
41. Hair J.F., Anderson R.E., Tatham R.L., Black W.C. Multivariate data analysis 1998, 326-386. Pearson Education, Delhi, India. 5th ed.
42. Hair J.F., Black W.C. Cluster analysis. Reading and understanding more multivariate statistics 2000, 147-205. American Psychological Association, Washington, DC. L.G. Grimm, P.R. Yarnold (Eds.).
43. Heckhausen J., Dixon R.A., Baltes P.B. Gains and losses in development throughout adulthood as perceived by different adult age groups. Developmental Psychology 1989, 25:109-121. doi: 10.1037/0012-1649.25.1.109.
44. Hertzog C., Nesselroade J.R. Assessing psychological change in adulthood: An overview of methodological issues. Psychology and Aging 2003, 18:639-657. doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.18.4.639.
45. Hetherington R. The Snellen Chart as a test of visual acuity. Psychologische Forschung [Psychological Research] 1954, 24:349-357. doi: 10.1007/BF00422033.
46. Isaacowitz D.M., Toner K., Goren D., Wilson H. Looking while unhappy: Mood congruent gaze in young adults, positive gaze in older adults. Psychological Science 2008, 19:848-853. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02167.x.
47. Isaacowitz D.M., Toner K., Neupert S.D. Use of gaze for real-time mood regulation: Effects of age and attentional functioning. Psychology and Aging 2009, 24:989-994. doi: 10.1037/a0017706.
48. Isaacowitz D.M., Wadlinger H.A., Goren D., Wilson H.R. Is there an age-related positivity effect in visual attention? A comparison of two methodologies. Emotion 2006, 6:511-516. doi: 10.1037/1528-3542.6.3.511.
49. Isaacowitz D.M., Wadlinger H.A., Goren D., Wilson H.R. Selective preference in visual fixation away from negative images in old age? An eye-tracking study. Psychology and Aging 2006, 21:40-48. doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.21.1.40.
50. Kennedy Q., Mather M., Carstensen L.L. The role of motivation in the age-related positivity effect in autobiographical memory. Psychological Science 2004, 15:208-214. doi: 10.1111/j.0956-7976.2004.01503011.x.
51. Kessler E.-M., Staudinger U.M. Affective experience in adulthood and old age: The role of affective arousal and perceived affect regulation. Psychology and Aging 2009, 24:349-362. doi: 10.1037/a0015352.
52. Knight M., Seymour T.L., Gaunt J.T., Baker C., Nesmith K., Mather M. Aging and goal-directed emotional attention: Distraction reverses emotional biases. Emotion 2007, 7:705-714. doi: 10.1037/1528-3542.7.4.705.
53. Kunzmann U., Grühn D. Age differences in emotional reactivity: The sample case of sadness. Psychology and Aging 2005, 20:47-59. doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.20.1.47.
54. Kunzmann U., Little T.D., Smith J. Is age-related stability of subjective well-being a paradox? Cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence from the Berlin Aging Study. Psychology and Aging 2000, 15:511-526. doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.15.3.511.
55. Lachman M.E. Development in midlife. Annual Review of Psychology 2004, 55:305-331. doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.55.090902.141521.
56. Lang F.R., Carstensen L.L. Time counts: Future time perspective, goals, and social relationships. Psychology and Aging 2002, 17:125-139. doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.17.1.125.
57. Larcom M.J., Isaacowitz D.M. Rapid emotion regulation after mood induction: Age and individual differences. Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 2009, 64:733-741. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbp077.
58. Larsen R.J. Toward a science of mood regulation. Psychological Inquiry 2000, 11:129-141. doi: 10.1207/S15327965PLI1103_01.
59. Larsen R.J., Augustine A.A., Prizmic Z. A process approach to emotion and personality: Using time as a facet of data. Cognition & Emotion 2009, 23:1407-1426. doi: 10.1080/02699930902851302.
60. Lawton M.P., Kleban M.H., Rajagopal D., Dean J. Dimensions of affective experience in three age groups. Psychology and Aging 1992, 7:171-184. doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.7.2.171.
61. Lineweaver T.T., Hertzog C. Adults' efficacy and control beliefs regarding memory and aging: Separating general from personal beliefs. Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition 1998, 5:264-296. doi: 10.1076/anec.5.4.264.771.
62. Lynch S.M., George L.K. Interlocking trajectories of loss-related events and depressive symptoms among elders. Journals of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 2002, 57:S117-S125.
63. Magnusson D. The person approach: Concepts, measurement models, and research strategy. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development 2003, 2003:3-23. doi: 10.1002/cd.79.
64. Manor B.R., Gordon E. Defining the temporal threshold for ocular fixation in free-viewing visuocognitive tasks. Journal of Neuroscience Methods 2003, 128:85-93. doi: 10.1016/S0165-0270(03)00151-1.
65. Mather M., Knight M. Goal-directed memory: The role of cognitive control in older adults' emotional memory. Psychology and Aging 2005, 20:554-570. doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.20.4.554.
66. Mienaltowski A., Blanchard-Fields F. The differential effects of mood on age differences in the correspondence bias. Psychology and Aging 2005, 20:589-600. doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.20.4.589.
67. Milligan G.W., Cooper M.C. Methodology review: Clustering methods. Applied Psychological Measurement 1987, 11:329-354. doi: 10.1177/014662168701100401.
68. Montepare J.M., Lachman M.E. " You're only as old as you feel": Self-perceptions of age, fears of aging, and life satisfaction from adolescence to old age. Psychology and Aging 1989, 4:73-78. doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.4.1.73.
69. Morse C.K. Does variability increase with age? An archival study of cognitive measures. Psychology and Aging 1993, 8:156-164. doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.8.2.156.
70. Mroczek D.K., Almeida D.M. The effect of daily stress, personality, and age on daily negative affect. Journal of Personality 2004, 72:355-378. doi: 10.1111/j.0022-3506.2004.00265.x.
71. Mroczek D.K., Spiro A. Change in life satisfaction during adulthood: Findings from the Veterans Affairs Normative Aging Study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2005, 88:189-202. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.88.1.189.
72. Murray G., Allen N.B., Trinder J. Longitudinal investigation of mood variability and the ffm: Neuroticism predicts variability in extended states of positive and negative affect. Personality and Individual Differences 2002, 33:1217-1228. doi: 10.1016/S0191-8869(01)00217-3.
73. Ong A.D., Bergeman C.S., Bisconti T.L., Wallace K.A. Psychological resilience, positive emotions, and successful adaptation to stress in later life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2006, 91:730-749. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.91.4.730.
74. Ong A.D., Bergeman C.S., Boker S.M. Resilience comes of age: Defining feature in later adulthood. Journal of Personality 2009, 77:1777-1804. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2009.00600.x.
75. Ong A.D., Edwards L.M., Bergeman C.S. Hope as a source of resilience in later adulthood. Personality and Individual Differences 2006, 41:1263-1273. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2006.03.028.
76. Palmore E., Cleveland W. Aging, terminal decline, and terminal drop. Journal of Gerontology 1976, 31:76-81.
77. Pelli D.G., Robson J.G., Wilkins A.J. The design of a new letter chart for measuring contrast sensitivity. Clinical Vision Sciences 1988, 2:187-199.
78. Pronin E., Wegner D.M. Manic thinking: Independent effects of thought speed and thought control on mood. Psychological Science 2006, 17:807-813. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01786.x.
79. Radloff L.S. The CES-D Scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement 1977, 1:385-401. doi: 10.1177/014662167700100306.
80. Röcke C., Lachman M.E. Perceived trajectories of life satisfaction across past, present, and future: Profiles and correlates of subjective change in young, middle-aged, and older adults. Psychology and Aging 2008, 23:833-847. doi: 10.1037/a0013680.
81. Rosenbaum J.G. The biggest reward for my invention isn't money. Medical Economics 1984, 61:152-163.
82. Salovey P., Mayer J.D., Goldman S.L., Turvey C., Palfai T.P. Emotional attention, clarity, and repair: Exploring emotional intelligence using the Trait Meta-Mood Scale. Emotion, disclosure, and health 1995, 125-154. American Psychological Association, Washington, DC, doi: 10.1037/10182-006. J.W. Pennebaker (Ed.).
83. Salthouse T.A. The processing-speed theory of adult age differences in cognition. Psychological Review 1996, 103:403-428. doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.103.3.403.
84. Sapolsky R.M. Stress, stress-related disease, and emotional regulation. Handbook of emotion regulation 2007, 606-615. Guilford Press, New York, NY. J.J. Gross (Ed.).
85. Sarle W.S. Cubic clustering criterion 1983, SAS Institute, Cary, NC.
86. Scheibe S., Blanchard-Fields F. Effects of regulating emotions on cognitive performance: What is costly for young adults is not so costly for older adults. Psychology and Aging 2009, 24:217-223. doi: 10.1037/a0013807.
87. Scheier M.F., Carver C.S. Optimism, coping, and health: Assessment and implications of generalized outcome expectancies. Health Psychology 1985, 4:219-247. doi: 10.1037/0278-6133.4.3.219.
88. Schneider B.A., Pichora-Fuller M.K. Implications of perceptual deterioration for cognitive aging research. The handbook of aging and cognition 2000, 155-219. Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ. 2nd ed. F.I.M. Craik, T.A. Salthouse (Eds.).
89. Shephard R.J. Age and physical work capacity. Experimental Aging Research 1999, 25:331-343. doi: 10.1080/036107399243788.
90. Shiota M.N., Levenson R.W. Effects of aging on experimentally instructed detached reappraisal, positive reappraisal, and emotional behavior suppression. Psychology and Aging 2009, 24:890-900. doi: 10.1037/a0017896.
91. Speilberger C.D. Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) 1983, Consulting Psychologists Press, Palo Alto, CA.
92. Stacey C.A., Gatz M. Cross-sectional age differences and longitudinal change on the Bradburn Affect Balance Scale. Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 1991, 46:P76-P78.
93. Tamir M. What do people want to feel and why? Pleasure and utility in emotion regulation. Current Directions in Psychological Science 2009, 18:101-105. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8721.2009.01617.x.
94. Ward J.H. Hierarchical grouping to optimize an objective function. Journal of the American Statistical Association 1963, 58:236-244. doi: 10.2307/2282967.
95. Watson D., Clark L.A., Tellegen A. Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1988, 54:1063-1070. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063.
96. Wechsler D. Manual for the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised 1981, Psychological Corp, New York, NY.
97. Wilson H.R., Loffler G., Wilkinson F. Synthetic faces, face cubes, and the geometry of face space. Vision Research 2002, 42:2909-2923. doi: 10.1016/S0042-6989(02)00362-0.
98. Zachary R. Shipley Institute of Living Scale-Revised manual 1986, Western Psychological Services, Los Angeles, CA.
99. Zacks R.T., Hasher L., Li K.Z.H. Human memory. The handbook of aging and cognition 2000, 293-357. Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ. 2nd ed. F.I.M. Craik, T.A. Salthouse (Eds.).