Colour plasticity and background matching in a threespine stickleback species pair

Biological Journal of the Linnean Society

Volumn 102, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 902-914

  Clarke, Jason M ^a   Schluter, Dolph ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Cryptic coloration; Divergent natural selection; Environmental heterogeneity; Gasterosteus aculeatus; Pigmentation

Indexed keywords

COLOR; CRYPSIS; HETEROGENEITY; INTERTIDAL ENVIRONMENT; NATURAL SELECTION; PELAGIC ENVIRONMENT; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; SYMPATRY; TELEOST;

GASTEROSTEUS; GASTEROSTEUS ACULEATUS;

EID: 79952576397     PISSN: 00244066     EISSN: 10958312     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2011.01623.x     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Albert AYK, Millar NP, Schluter D. 2007. Character displacement of male nuptial color in threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 91: 37-48.
2. Bell MA. 1976. Evolution of phenotypic diversity in Gasterosteus aculeatus superspecies on the Pacific coast of North America. Systematic Zoology 25: 211-227.
3. Bergman TJ, Beehner JC. 2008. A simple method for measuring color in wild animals: validation and use on chest patch color in geladas (Theropithecus gelada). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 94: 231-240.
4. Berrigan D, Scheiner SM. 2004. Modeling the evolution of phenotypic plasticity. In: DeWitt TJ, Scheiner SM, eds. Phenotypic plasticity: functional and conceptual approaches. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 82-97.
5. Boughman JW. 2001. Divergent sexual selection enhances reproductive isolation in sticklebacks. Nature 411: 944-948.
6. Buskirk JV. 2002. A comparative test of the adaptive plasticity hypothesis: relationships between habitat and phenotype in anuran larvae. American Naturalist 160: 87-102.
7. Cox S, Chandler S, Barron C, Work K. 2009. Benthic fish exhibit more plastic crypsis than non-benthic species in a freshwater spring. Journal of Ethology 27: 497-505.
8. Cummings M. 2004. Modelling divergence in luminance and chromatic detection performance across measured divergence in surfperch (Embiotocidae) habitats. Vision Research 44: 1127-1145.
9. Dice L, Blossom PM. 1937. Studies of mammalian ecology in southwestern North America, with special attention to the colors of desert mammals. Publication of the Carnegie Institute, Washington 485: 1-25.
10. Doughty P, Reznick DN. 2004. Patterns and analysis of adaptive phenotypic plasticity in animals. In: DeWitt TJ, Scheiner SM, eds. Phenotypic plasticity: functional and conceptual approaches. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 126-150.
11. Endler JA. 1978. A predator's view of animal color patterns. Evolutionary Biology 11: 319-364.
12. Endler JA. 1990. On the measurement and classification of color in studies of animal color patterns. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 41: 315-352.
13. Fujii R. 2000. The regulation of motile activity in fish chromatophores. Pigment Cell Research 13: 300-319.
14. Garcia TS, Sih A. 2003. Color change and color-dependent behavior in response to predation risk in the salamander sister species Ambystoma barbouri and Ambystoma texanum. Oceologia 137: 131-139.
15. Gerald MS, Bernstein J, Hinkson R, Fosbury RAE. 2001. Formal method for objective assessment of primate color. American Journal of Primatology 53: 79-85.
16. Grether GF, Kolluru GR, Nersissian K. 2004. Individual color patches as multicomponent signals. Biological Reviews 79: 583-610.
17. Hargeby A, Johansson J, Ahnesjö J. 2004. Habitat-specific pigmentation in a freshwater isopod: adaptive evolution over a small spatiotemporal scale. Evolution 58: 81-94.
18. Hoekstra HE, Drumm KE, Nachman MW. 2004. Ecological genetics of adaptive color polymorphism in pocket mice: geographic variation in selected in neutral genes. Evolution 58: 1329-1341.
19. Hogben L, Landgrebe F. 1940. The pigmentary effector system. IX. The receptor fields of the teleostean visual response. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B, Biological Sciences 128: 317-342.
20. Huntingford F, Coyle S. 2007. Antipredator defences in sticklebacks: trade-offs, risk sensitivity, and behavioral syndromes. In: Östlund-Nilsson S, Mayer I, Huntingford FA, eds. Biology of the three-spined stickleback. Boca Rotan, FL: CRC Press, 127-156.
21. Macedonia JM. 2001. Habitat light, color variation, and ultraviolet reflectance in the Grand Cayman anole, Anolis conspersus. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 73: 299-320.
22. McFarland WN, Loew ER. 1983. Wave produced changes in underwater light and their relations to vision. Environmental Biology of Fishes 8: 173-184.
23. McGaugh SE. 2008. Color variation among habitat types in the spiny softshell turtles (Trionychidae: Apalone) of Cuatrociénegas, Coahuila, Mexico. Journal of Herpetology 42: 347-353.
24. McPhail JD. 1994. Speciation and the evolution of reproductive isolation in the sticklebacks (Gasterosteus) of south-western British Columbia. In: Bell MA, Foster SA, eds. The evolutionary biology of the threespine stickleback. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 399-437.
25. Miller CT, Beleza S, Pollen AA, Schluter D, Kittles RA, Shriver MD, Kingsley DM. 2007. Cis-regulatory changes in Kit Ligand expression and parallel evolution of pigmentation in sticklebacks and humans. Cell 131: 1179-1189.
26. R Development Core Team. 2007. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Available at.
27. Reed WL, Janzen FJ. 1999. Natural selection by avian predators on size and color of a freshwater snail (Pomacea flagellata). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 67: 331-342.
28. Reimchen TE. 1980. Spine deficiency and polymorphism in a population of Gasterosteus aculeatus: an adaptation to predators? Canadian Journal of Zoology 58: 1232-1124.
29. Reimchen TE. 1994. Predators and morphological evolution in threespine stickleback. In: Bell MA, Foster SA, eds. The evolutionary biology of the threespine stickleback. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 240-276.
30. Rosenblum EB. 2005. The role of phenotypic plasticity in color variation of Tularosa Basin lizards. Copeia 3: 586-596.
31. Rosenblum EB. 2006. Convergent evolution and divergent selection: lizards at the White Sands ecotone. American Naturalist 167: 1-15.
32. Ruxton GD, Sherratt TN, Speed MP. 2004. Avoiding attack: the evolutionary ecology of crypsis, warning signals, and mimicry. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
33. Schlichting CD. 2004. The role of phenotypic plasticity in diversification. In: DeWitt TJ, Scheiner SM, eds. Phenotypic plasticity: functional and conceptual approaches. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 191-200.
34. Schluter D, McPhail JD. 1992. Ecological character displacement and speciation in sticklebacks. American Naturalist 140: 85-108.
35. Shrout PE, Fleiss JL. 1979. Intraclass correlations: uses in assessing rater reliability. Psychological Bulletin 86: 420-428.
36. Stevens M, Párraga CA, Cuthill IC, Partridge JC, Troscianko TS. 2007. Using digital photography to study animal coloration. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 90: 211-237.
37. Storfer A, Cross J, Rush V, Caruso J. 1999. Adaptive coloration and gene flow as a constraint to local adaptation in the streamside salamander, Ambystoma barbouri. Evolution 53: 889-898.
38. Stuart-Fox D, Moussalli A. 2009. Camouflage, communication and thermoregulation: lessons from colour changing organisms. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 364: 463-470.
39. Stuart-Fox DM, Moussalli A, Johnston GR, Owens IPF. 2004. Evolution of color variation in dragon lizards: quantitative tests of the role of crypsis and local adaptation. Evolution 58: 1549-1559.
40. Wente WH, Phillips JB. 2003. Fixed green and brown color morphs and a novel color-changing morph of the Pacific tree frog Hyla regilla. American Naturalist 162: 461-473.
41. Whiteley AR, Gende SM, Gharrett AJ, Tallmon DA. 2009. Background matching and color-change plasticity in colonizing freshwater sculpin populations following rapid deglaciation. Evolution 63: 1519-1529.