Eye tracking of men's preferences for female breast size and areola pigmentation

Archives of Sexual Behavior

Volumn 40, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 51-58

  Dixson, Barnaby J ^a   Grimshaw, Gina M ^a   Linklater, Wayne L ^a   Dixson, Alan F ^a  

^a VICTORIA UNIVERSITY OF WELLINGTON   (New Zealand)

Author keywords

Areolar pigmentation; Breast size; Eye tracking; Female attractiveness; Sexual selection

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; BREAST; ESTHETICS; EYE MOVEMENT; FEMALE; HETEROSEXUALITY; HUMAN; HUMAN RELATION; IMAGINATION; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; OCULOGRAPHY; PHOTOSTIMULATION; PHYSIOLOGY; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; SEXUAL BEHAVIOR; SKIN PIGMENTATION; SOMATOTYPE; VISION;

ADULT; BEAUTY; BREAST; EYE MOVEMENT MEASUREMENTS; EYE MOVEMENTS; FEMALE; HETEROSEXUALITY; HUMANS; IMAGINATION; INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PHOTIC STIMULATION; SEXUAL BEHAVIOR; SKIN PIGMENTATION; SOMATOTYPES; VISUAL PERCEPTION;

EID: 79952575056     PISSN: 00040002     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10508-010-9601-8     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. N Barber 1995 The evolutionary psychology of physical attractiveness: Sexual selection and human morphology Ethology and Sociobiology 16 395 424 10.1016/0162-3095(95)00068-2
2. FM Biro F Falkner P Khoury J Morrison A Lucky 1992 Areolar and breast staging in adolescent girls Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology 5 271 272
3. TP Brown H La C Ringrose RE Hyland AA Cole TM Brotherston 1999 A method for assessing female breast morphometry and its clinical application British Journal of Plastic Surgery 52 353 359 10.1054/bjps.1999.3110 (Pubitemid 29376351)
4. EH Castellanos E Charboneau MS Dietrich S Park P Bradley K Mogg, et al. 2009 Obese adults have visual attentional bias for food cue images: Evidence for altered reward system function International Journal of Obesity 33 1063 1073 19621020 10.1038/ijo.2009.138
5. Cornellissen, P. L., Hancock, P. J. B., Kiviniemi, V., George, H. R., & Tovée, M. J. (2009). Patterns of eye movements when male and female observers judge female attractiveness, body fat and waist-to-hip ratio. Evolution and Human Behavior. doi: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2009.04.003.
6. B De Martino R Kalisch G Rees RJ Dolan 2009 Enhanced processing of threat stimuli under limited attentional resources Cerebral Cortex 19 127 134 18448453 10.1093/cercor/bhn062
7. N Dean J Haynes J Brennan T Neild C Goddard B Dearman, et al. 2005 Nipple areolar pigmentation: Histology and potential for reconstitution in breast reconstruction British Journal of Plastic Surgery 58 202 208 15710115 10.1016/j.bjps.2004.10.027 (Pubitemid 40247101)
8. Dixson, B. J., Grimshaw, G, M., Linklater, W. L., & Dixson, A. F. (2009). Eye tracking of men's preferences for waist-to-hip ratio and breast size of women. Archives of Sexual Behavior. doi: 10.1007/s10508-009-9523-5.
9. B Fink PJ Matts H Klingenberg S Kuntze W Bettina K Grammer 2008 Visual attention to variation in facial skin color distribution Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology 7 155 161 18482022 10.1111/j.1473-2165.2008.00382.x (Pubitemid 351676538)
10. A Furnham V Swami K Shah 2006 Body weight, waist-to-hip ratio and breast size correlates of ratings of attractiveness and health Personality and Individual Differences 41 443 454 10.1016/j.paid.2006.02.007 (Pubitemid 44011292)
11. GG Gallup 1982 Permanent breast enlargement in human females: A sociobiological analysis Journal of Human Evolution 11 597 601 10.1016/S0047-2484(82)80007-9 (Pubitemid 13189944)
12. SN Garn NY French 1963 Post-partum and age changes in areolar pigmentation American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 85 873 875 13946601
13. SN Garn S Selby MR Crawford 1956 Skin reflectance studies in children and adults American Journal of Physical Anthropology 14 101 117 13339968 10.1002/ajpa.1330140123
14. CB Goodhart 1964 A biological view of toplessness New Scientist 407 558 560
15. Grammer, K., Fink, B., Juette, A., Ronzal, G., & Thornhill, R. (2001). Female faces and bodies: N-dimensional feature space and attractiveness. In G. Rhodes & I. Zebrowitz (Eds.), Advances in visual cognition I: Facial attractiveness (pp. 91-125). Westport, CT: Ablex Publishing.
16. Guthrie, R. D. (1976). Body hot spots. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
17. J Hewig RH Trippe H Hecht T Straube WHR Miltner 2008 Gender differences for specific body regions when looking at men and women Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 32 67 78 10.1007/s10919-007-0043-5
18. T Horvath 1981 Physical attractiveness: The influence of selected torso parameters Archives of Sexual Behavior 10 21 24 7212994 10.1007/BF01542671 (Pubitemid 11131443)
19. G Jasienska A Ziomkiewicz PT Ellison SF Lipson I Thune 2004 Large breasts and narrow waists indicate high reproductive potential in women Proceedings of the Royal Society B 271 1213 1217 15306344 10.1098/rspb.2004.2712 (Pubitemid 38789312)
20. Jones, D. (1996). Physical attractiveness and the theory of sexual selection. Ann Arbor, MI: Museum of Anthropology Press.
21. J Lass-Hennemann A Schulz F Nees TD Blumenthal H Schachinger 2009 Direct gaze of photographs of female nudes influences startle in men International Journal of Psychology 72 111 114
22. JL Linzell 1959 Physiology of the mammary glands Physiological Reviews 39 534 576 13674904
23. SF Lipson PT Ellison 1996 Comparison of salivary steroid profiles in naturally occurring conception and non-conception cycles Human Reproduction 11 2090 2096 8943508 (Pubitemid 26391993)
24. AD Lykins M Meana G Kambe 2006 Detection of differential viewing patterns to erotic and non-erotic stimuli using eye-tracking methodology Archives of Sexual Behavior 35 569 575 17031585 10.1007/s10508-006-9065-z
25. AD Lykins M Meana GP Strauss 2008 Sex differences in visual attention to erotic and non-erotic visual stimuli Archives of Sexual Behavior 37 219 228 17668312 10.1007/s10508-007-9208-x (Pubitemid 351423080)
26. JK Maner CN DeWall MT Gailliot 2008 Selective attention to signs of success: Social dominance and early stage interpersonal perception Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 34 488 501 18192434 10.1177/0146167207311910
27. JK Maner MT Gailliot CN DeWall 2007 Adaptive attentional attunement: Evidence for mating-related perceptual bias Evolution and Human Behavior 28 28 36 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2006.05.006 (Pubitemid 44858274)
28. F Marlowe 1998 The nubility hypothesis: The human breast as an honest signal of residual reproductive value Human Nature 9 263 271 10.1007/s12110-998-1005-2 (Pubitemid 128187475)
29. W Montagna EE Macpherson 1974 Some neglected aspects of the anatomy of the breasts Journal of Investigative Dermatology 63 10 16 4834977 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12677284
30. F Muzaffar I Hussain TS Haroon 1998 Physiologic skin changes during pregnancy: A study of 140 cases International Journal of Dermatology 37 429 431 9646127 10.1046/j.1365-4362.1998.00281.x (Pubitemid 28284870)
31. IG Pawson NL Petrakis 1975 Comparison of breast pigmentation among women of different racial groups Human Biology 47 441 450
32. JE Raymond L O'Brien 2009 Selective visual attention and motivation: The consequences of value learning in an attentional blink task Psychological Science 20 981 988 19549080 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02391.x
33. HA Rupp K Wallen 2007 Sex differences in viewing sexual stimuli: An eye tracking study of men and women Hormones and Behavior 51 524 533 17362952 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2007.01.008 (Pubitemid 46550430)
34. M Ruz J Lupiáñez 2002 A review of attentional capture: On its automaticity and sensitivity to endogenous control Psicológica 23 283 309
35. S Shimojo C Simion E Shimojo S Scheier 2003 Gaze bias both reflects and influences preference Nature Neuroscience 6 1317 1322 14608360 10.1038/nn1150 (Pubitemid 37485126)
36. RV Short 1976 The evolution of human reproduction Proceedings of the Royal Society B 195 3 24 10.1098/rspb.1976.0095
37. Simblet, S. (2001). Anatomy for the artist. New York: DK Publishing.
38. D Singh RK Young 1995 Body weight, waist-to-hip ratio, breasts, and hips: Role in judgments of attractiveness and desirability for relationships Ethology and Sociobiology 16 483 507 10.1016/0162-3095(95)00074-7
39. KD Suschinsky LJ Elias DB Krupp 2007 Looking for Ms. Right: Allocating attention to facilitate mate choice decisions Evolutionary Psychology 5 428 441
40. B Sütterlin TA Brunner K Opwis 2008 Eye-tracking the cancellation and focus model for preference judgments Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 44 904 911 10.1016/j.jesp.2007.09.003
41. Symons, D. (1995). Beauty is in the adaptations of the beholder: The evolutionary psychology of human female sexual attractiveness. In P. R. Abramson & S. D. Pinkerton (Eds.), Sexual nature, sexual culture (pp. 80-118). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
42. A Tsujimura Y Miyagawa S Takada Y Matsuoka T Takao T Hirai, et al. 2009 Sex differences in visual attention to sexually explicit videos: A preliminary study Journal of Sexual Medicine 6 1011 1017 19175861 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2008. 01031.x
43. E Vandeweyer D Hertens 2002 Quantification of glands and fat in breast tissue: An experimental determination Annals of Anatomy 184 181 184 11936199 10.1016/S0940-9602(02)80016-4 (Pubitemid 34257854)
44. M Voracek ML Fisher 2006 Success is all in the measures: Androgenousness, curvaceousness, and starring frequencies in adult media actresses Archives of Sexual Behavior 35 297 304 16799840 10.1007/s10508-006-9021-y (Pubitemid 44060822)
45. M Voracek ML Fisher 2009 Data are the natural enemy of hypotheses: Reply to Holland (2009) [Letter to the Editor] Archives of Sexual Behavior 38 460 462 10.1007/s10508-009-9472-z
46. JS Wiggins N Wiggins JC Conger 1968 Correlates of heterosexual somatic preference Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 10 82 90 4386664 10.1037/h0026394