Alternative tourism: Can the segregation wall in bethlehem be a tourist attraction?

Tourism and Hospitality, Planning and Development

Volumn 6, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 247-254

  Isaac, Rami K ^a  

^a NHTV BREDA UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 79952515718     PISSN: 1479053X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/14790530903363381     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Aguirre, M. (2007) Middle East Diplomacy: Between War and Negotiation, an Observer’s View (Madrid: Fundacion para las Relaciones Internacionales y el Diaiogo Exterior).
2. Applied Research Institute. (2005) Geo-political Conditions in Bethlehem (Jerusalem: ARIJ).
3. Arch, E.C. (1993) Risk taking: a motivational basis for sex differences, Psychological Reports, 73(1), pp. 3–5.
4. Ashworth, G. and Hartmann. (2005) Horror and Human Tragedy Revisited: The Management of Sites of Atrocities for Tourism (New York: Cognizant).
5. Beech, J. (2000) The enigma of holocaust sites as tourist attractions-the case of Buchenwald, Managing Leisure, 5, pp. 29–41.
6. Brin, E. (2006) Politically-oriented tourism in Jerusalem, Tourist Studies, 6(3), pp. 215–243.
7. Btselem. (2008) The Israeli Information Centre for Human Rights in the Occupied Territories. Available at: http://www.btselem.org/English/Separation%5FBarrier/(accessed 11 May).
8. Butler, R. (1992) Alternative tourism: the thin end of the wedge, in: W.R. Eadington and V.L. Smith (Eds) Tourism Alternatives: Potentials and Problems in the Development of Tourism (Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press).
9. Clarke, R. (2000) Self-presentation in a contested city, Palestinian and Israeli political tourism in Hebron, Anthropological Today, 16(5), pp. 12–18.
10. Collins-Kreiner, N., Kliot, N., Mansfeld, Y. and Sagi, K. (2005) Christian Tourism to the Holy Land (Hampshire: Ashgate).
11. Dann, G. (1998) The Dark Side of Tourism, Etuds et Rapports, Serie L. Aix-en-Provence, Centre International de Recherches et d’Etudes Touristiques.
12. Dann, G. and Seaton, A. (2001) Slavery, Contested Heritage and Thanatourism (Binghamton, NY: Haworth Hospitality Press).
13. Dernoi, L.A. (1988) Alternative or community-based tourism, in: L. D’Amore and J. Jafari (Eds) Tourism-A Vital Force for Peace (Montreal: L. D’Amore and associates).
14. Eadington, W.R. and Smith, V.L. (1992) Introduction: the emergence of alternative forms of tourism, in: W.R. Eadington and V.L. Smith (Eds) Tourism Alternatives: Potentials and Problems in the Development of Tourism (Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press).
15. Fennell, D.A. (2006) Tourism Ethics (Clevedon, UK: Channel View).
16. Foley, M. and Lennon, J. (1996) JFK and dark tourism: a fascination with assassination, International Journal of Heritage Studies, 2, pp. 198–211.
17. Guardian. (2005) Spray can prankster tackles Israel’s security barrier, October 16. Available at: http://www. guardian.co.uk/world /2005/aug/05/israel.artsnews.
18. Hultsman, J. (1995) Just tourism: an ethical framework, Annals of Tourism Research, 22(3), pp. 553–567.
19. Isaac, K.R. (2008) Master of arts in pilgrimage and tourism, Tourism and Hospitality Planning and Development, 5(1), pp. 73–76.
20. Isaac, K.R. (2010) Alternative tourism: new forms of tourism in Bethlehem for the Palestinian tourism industry, Current Issues of Tourism, 13(1), pp. 1–19.
21. Kahneman, D. and Tversky, A. (1979) Prospect theory: an analysis of decision under risk, Econometrica, 47, pp. 263–291.
22. Khoury, S. (2008) Tourism development and destination marketing under occupation: the case of destination Palestine. Unpublished MA dissertation, London: Metropolitan University.
23. Kliot, N. and Charney, Y. (2006) The geography of suicide terrorism in Israel, GeoJournal, 66, pp. 353–373.
24. Kliot, N. and Collins-Kreiner, N. (2003) Wait for us we’re not ready yet: Holy Land preparations for the new millennium the year 2000, Current Issues in Tourism, 6(2), pp. 119–149.
25. Lanfant, M.F. and Graburn, N.H.H. (1992) International tourism reconsidered: the principle of the alternative, in: W.R. Eadington and V.L. Smith (Eds) Tourism Alternatives: Potentials and Problems in the Development of Tourism (Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press).
26. Lepp, A. and Gibson, H. (2003) Tourist roles, perceived risk and international tourism, Annals of Tourism Research, 30(3), pp. 606–624.
27. Lennon, J. and Foley, M. (2000) Dark Tourism: The Attraction of Death and Disaster (London: Continuum).
28. Miles, W. (2002) Auschwitz: museum interpretation and darker tourism, Annals of Tourism Research, 29, pp. 1175–1178.
29. O’Rourke, P. (1998) Holidays in Hell (London: Picador).
30. Palestinian Alternative Tourism Group. (2006) Tour itineraries. Available at: http://www.patg.org/index. php?page= 1177263078(accessed 3 July).
31. Pearce, D.G. (1992) Alternative tourism: concepts, classifications and questions, in: W.R. Eadington and V.L. Smith (Eds) Tourism Alternatives: Potentials and Problems in the Development of Tourism (Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press).
32. Pelton, R. (2003) The World’s most Dangerous Places, 5th edition (London: Harper Resources).
33. Reader, I. (2003) Review of “Dark tourism: the attraction of death and disaster”. Available at: http://cult-media. com/issue2/Rreade.htm(accessed 6 November).
34. Reisinger, Y. and Mavondo, F. (2005) Travel anxiety and intentions to travel internationally: implications of travel risk perception, Journal of Travel Research, 43(3), pp. 212–225.
35. Seaton, A.V. (1996) Guided by the dark: from thanatopsis to thanantourism, International Journal of Heritage Studies, 2, pp. 234–244.
36. Seaton, A.V. (2002) Thanatourism’s final frontiers? Visits to cemeteries, churchyards and funerary sites as sacred and secular pilgrimage. Tourism Recreation Research, 27, pp. 73–82.
37. Sharpley, R. (2005) Travels to the edge of darkness: towards a typology of dark tourism, in: C. Ryan, S. Page and M. Aitken (Eds) Taking Tourism to the Limits: Issues, Concepts and Management Perspectives (Oxford: Elsevier).
38. Smith, M. and Duffy, R. (2003) The Ethics of Tourism Development (London: Routledge).
39. Sonmez, S.F. (1998) Tourism, terrorism and political instability, Annals of Tourism Research, 25(1), pp. 416–456.
40. Sonmez, S.F. and Greafe, A.R. (1998) Influence ofterrorismriskon foreign tourism decisions, Annals of Tourism Research, 25(1), pp. 112–144.
41. Stone, P. (2006) A dark tourism spectrum: towards a typology of death and macabre related tourist sites, attractions and exhibitions, Tourism: An Interdisciplinary International Journal, 52, pp. 145–160.
42. Stone, P. and Sharpley, R. (2008) Consuming dark tourism: a thanatological perspective, Annals of Tourism Research, 35(2), pp. 574–595.
43. Strange, C. and Kempa, A. (2003) Shades of dark tourism: Alcatraz and Robben Island, Annals of Tourism Research, 30, pp. 386–403.
44. Tours in English. (2008) About alternative tours. Available at: http://www.toursinenglish.com/2007/11 /aboutalternative-tours.html(accessed 11 May).
45. Tours in English. (2008a) Israel-West Bank-Palestine-alternative tours. Available at: http://www.toursinenglish. com/(accessed 11 May).
46. Tours in English. (2008b) Alternative Tourism Comes of Age. Available at: http://www.toursinenglish.com/2007/01/alternative-tourism-comes-of-age-in.html (accessed 11 May).
47. Turner, L. and Ash, J. (1976) The Golden Hordes: International Tourism and the Pleasure Periphery (New York: St Martin’s Press).
48. Wilson, J.Z. (2004) Dark tourism and the celebrity prisoner: front and back regions in representations of an Australian historical prison, Journal of Australian Studies, 82. Available at: http://www.questia.com/googlescholar.qst?docId=5009356311.
49. WTO (2007) Study on the Concepts and Realities of Social and Solidarity Tourism in Africa (Madrid: World Tourism Organisation).