On the extreme rainfall of Typhoon Morakot (2009)

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres

Volumn 116, Issue 5, 2011, Pages

  Chien, Fang Ching ^a   Kuo, Hung Chi ^b  

^a NATIONAL TAIWAN NORMAL UNIVERSITY   (Taiwan)

^b NATIONAL TAIWAN UNIVERSITY   (Taiwan)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BELT CONVEYORS; HURRICANES; LANDFORMS; MOISTURE; OSCILLATING FLOW; STORMS;

CONVEYER BELTS; EXTREME RAINFALL; HEAVY RAINFALL; INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATIONS; KEY FACTORS; LONG DURATION; LOW PRESSURE SYSTEMS; MESOSCALE; MOISTURE FLUX CONVERGENCES; MOUNTAIN SLOPES; SHORTWAVE TROUGHS; SOUTHERN TAIWAN; SOUTHWEST MONSOON; STEERING FLOW; TRANSLATION SPEED; TROPICAL CYCLONE;

RAIN;

ATMOSPHERIC CONVECTION; EXTREME EVENT; LOW PRESSURE SYSTEM; MESOSCALE METEOROLOGY; MOISTURE TRANSFER; RAINFALL; SEASONAL VARIATION; TERRAIN; TYPHOON;

TAIWAN;

EID: 79952469979     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2010JD015092     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Carr, L. E., Ill, and R. L. Elsbeiry (1990), Observational evidence for predictions of tropical cyclone propagation relative to environmental steering, J. Atmos. Sci., 47,542-546, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1990) 047<0542:OEFPOT>2. 0.CO;2.
2. Carr, L. E., III, and R. L. Elsberry (1995), Monsoonal interactions leading to sudden tropical cyclone track changes, Mon. Weather Rev., 123, 265-290, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1995)123<0265:MILTST>2.0.CO;2.
3. Carr, L. E., III, and R. L. Elsberry (2000), Dynamical tropical cyclone track forecast errors. Part II: Midlatitude circulation influences, Weather Forecast., 15,662-681, doi:10.1175/1520-0434(2000)015<0662: DTCTFE>2.0.CO;2. (Pubitemid 32206007)
4. Chan, J. C. L., and W. M. Gray (1982), Tropical cyclone movement and surrounding flow relationship, Mon. Weather Rev., 110, 1354-1376,doi:10.1175/ 1520-0493(1982)110<1354:TCMASF>2.0.CO;2.
5. Chan, J. C. L., and R. T. Williams (1987), Analytical and numerical studies of the beta-effect in tropical cyclone motion. Part I: Zero mean flow, J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 1257-1265, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1987)044<1257: AANSOT>2.0.CO;2.
6. Chang, C.-P., T.-C. Yeh, and J. M. Chen (1993), Effects of terrain on the surface structure of typhoons over Taiwan, Mon. Weather Rev., 121, 734-752, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1993)121<0734:EOTOTS>2.0.CO;2. (Pubitemid 24392657)
7. Chen, G. T.-J. (1992), Mesoscale features observed in the Taiwan Mei-yu season, J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn., 70, 497-516. (Pubitemid 128003892)
8. Chen, S.-J., Y.-H. Kuo, W. Wang, Z.-Y. Tao, and B. Cui (1998), A modeling case study of heavy rainstorms along the Mei-yu front, Mon. Weather Rev., 126, 2330-2351, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(l998)126<2330:AMC-SOH>2.0.CO;2. (Pubitemid 128589204)
9. Chiao, S., and Y.-L. Lin (2003), Numerical modeling of an orographically enhanced precipitation event associated with the Tropical Storm Rachel over Taiwan, Weather Forecast., 18,325-344, doi:10.1175/1520-0434 (2003)018<0325:NMOAOE>2.0.CO;2. (Pubitemid 36659032)
10. Chien, F.-C., Y.-C. Liu, and C.-S. Lee (2008), Heavy rainfall and southwesterly flow after the leaving of Typhoon Mindulle (2004) from Taiwan, J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn., 86,17-41, doi:10.2151/jmsj.86.17.
11. Fiorino, M., and R. L. Elsberry (1989), Some aspects of vortex structure related to tropical cyclone motion, J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 975-990, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1989)046<0975:SAOVSR>2.0.CO;2.
12. Ge, X., T. Li, Y. Wang, and M. Peng (2008), Tropical cyclone energy dispersion in a three-dimensional primitive equation model: Upper tropo-spheric influence, J. Atmos. Sci., 65, 2272-2289, doi:10.1175/ 2007JAS2431.1.
13. Ge, X., T. Li, S. Zhang, and M. Peng (2010), What causes the extremely heavy rainfall in Taiwan during Typhoon Morakot (2009)?, Atmos. Sci. Lett., 11,46-50.
14. Holland, G. J. (1984), Tropical cyclone motion: A comparison of theory and observation, J. Atmos. Sci., 41,68-75, doi:10.1175/1520-0469 (1984)041<0068:TCMACO>2.0.CO;2.
15. Hong, C.-C., M.-Y. Lee, H.-H. Hsu, and J.-L. Kuo (2010), Role of sub-monthly disturbance and 40-50 day ISO on the extreme rainfall event associated with Typhoon Morakot (2009) in southern Taiwan, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L08805, doi:10.1029/2010GL042761.
16. Jian, G.-J., and C.-C. Wu (2008), A numerical study of the track deflection of super-Typhoon Haitang (2005) prior to its landfall in Taiwan, Mon. Weather Rev., 136, 598-615, doi:10.1175/2007MWR2134.1. (Pubitemid 351756594)
17. Kalnay, E., et al. (1996), The NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 77, 437-471, doi:10.1175/1520-0477(1996) 077<0437:TNYRP>2.0.CO;2.
18. Kanamitsu, M., W. Ebisuzaki, J. Woollen, S.-K. Yang, J. J. Hnilo, M. Fiorino, and G. L. Potter (2002), NCEP-DOE AMIP-II Reanalysis (R-2), Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 83, 1631-1643, doi:10.1175/BAMS-83-11-1631(2002)083<1631: NAR>2.3.CO;2.
19. Lee, C.-S., Y.-C. Liu, and F.-C. Chien (2008), The secondary low and heavy rainfall associated with Typhoon Mindulle (2004), Mon. Weather Rev., 136, 1260-1283, doi:10.1175/2007MWR2069.1 (Pubitemid 351864609)
20. Lin, Y.-L., J. Han, D. W. Hamilton, and C.-Y. Huang (1999), Orographic influence on a drifting cyclone, J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 534-562, doi:10.1175/ 1520-0469(1999)056<0534:OIOADC>2.0.CO;2.
21. Lin, Y.-L., D. B. Ensley, S. Chiao, and C.-Y. Huang (2002), Orographic influences on rainfall and track deflection associated with the passage of a tropical cyclone, Mon. Weather Rev., 130,2929-2950, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(2002) 130<2929:OIORAT>2.0.CO;2. (Pubitemid 36128923)
22. Liu, K. S., and J. C. L. Chan (2008), Interdecadal variability of western North Pacific tropical cyclone tracks, J. Clim., 21,4464-4476, doi:10.1175/2008JCLI2207.1.
23. Trier, S. B., D. B. Parsons, and T. J. Matejka (1990), Observations of a subtropical cold front in a region of complex terrain, Mon. Weather Rev., 118,2449-2470, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1990)118<2449:OOASCF> 2.0.CO;2.
24. Wu, C.-C. (2001), Numerical simulation of Typhoon Gladys (1994) and its interaction with Taiwan terrain using GFDL hurricane model, Mon. Weather Rev., 129, 1533-1549, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(2001)129< 1533:NSOTGA>2.0.CO;2. (Pubitemid 32680048)
25. Wu, C.-C., and K. A. Emanuel (1995a), Potential vorticity diagnostics of hurricane movement. Part I: A case study of Hurricane Bob (1991), Mon. Weather Rev., 123,69-92, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1995)123< 0069:PVDOHM>2.0.CO;2.
26. Wu, C.-C., and K. A. Emanuel (1995b), Potential vorticity diagnostics of hurricane movement. Part II: Tropical Storm Ana (1991) and Hurricane Andrew (1992), Mon. Weather Rev., 123,93-109, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1995)123<0093: PVDOHM>2.0.CO;2.
27. Wu, C.-C., and Y.-H. Kuo (1999), Typhoons affecting Taiwan: Current understanding and future challenges, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 80, 67-80, doi:10.1175/1520-0477(1999)080<0067:TATCUA>2.0.CO;2. (Pubitemid 129568505)
28. Wu, C.-C., T.-H. Yen, Y.-H. Kuo, and W. Wang (2002), Rainfall simulation associated with Typhoon Herb (1996) near Taiwan. Part I: The topographic effect, Weather Forecast., 17, 1001-1015, doi:10.1175/1520-0434(2003)017<1001: RSAWTH>2.0.CO;2. (Pubitemid 36080825)
29. Wu, C.-C., T.-S. Huang, and K.-H. Chou (2004), Potential vorticity diagnosis of the key factors affecting the motion of Typhoon Sinlaku (2002), Mon. Weather Rev., 132, 2084-2093, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(2004) 132<2084:PVDOTK>2.0.CO;2. (Pubitemid 39169247)
30. Wu, C.-C., K. K. W. Cheung, and Y.-Y. Lo (2009), Numerical study of the rainfall event due to the interaction of Typhoon Babs (1998) and the northeasterly monsoon, Mon. Weather Rev., 137, 2049-2064, doi:10.1175/ 2009MWR2757.1.
31. Yeh, T.-C., and R. L. Elsberry (1993a), Interaction of typhoons with the Taiwan orography. Part I: Upstream track deflections, Mon. Weather Rev., 121, 3193-3212, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1993)121<3193:IOTWTT> 2.0.CO;2.
32. Yeh, T.-C, and R. L. Elsberry (1993b), Interaction of typhoons with the Taiwan orography. Part II: Continuous and discontinuous tracks across the island, Mon. Weather Rev., 121, 3213-3233, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1993) 121<3213:IOTWTT>2.0.CO;2.