Does Ordinary Portland Cement contain amorphous phase? A quantitative study using an external standard method

Powder Diffraction

Volumn 26, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 31-38

  Jansen, D ^a   Stabler, Ch ^a   Goetz Neunhoeffer, F ^a   Dittrich, S ^a   Neubauer, J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ERLANGEN NUREMBERG   (Germany)

Author keywords

Amorphous content; External standard; G factor; Ordinary Portland Cement

Indexed keywords

EID: 79952334339     PISSN: 08857156     EISSN: 19457413     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1154/1.3549186     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Brindley G.W. The effect of grain or particle size on x-ray reflections from mixed powders and alloys, considered in relation to the quantitative determination of crystalline substances by X-ray methods. Philos. Mag. 1945, 36:347-369. PMHABF, 1478-6435.
2. Chung F.H. Quantitative interpretation of X-ray diffraction patterns of mixtures. II. Adiabatic principle of X-ray diffraction analysis of mixtures. J. Appl. Crystallogr. 1974, 7:526-531. JACGAR, 0021-8898, 10.1107/S0021889874010387.
3. De La Torre A.G. Aranda M.A. G. Accuracy in Rietveld quantitative phase analysis of Portland cements. J. Appl. Crystallogr. 2003, 36:1169-1176. JACGAR, 0021-8898, 10.1107/S002188980301375X.
4. De La Torre A.G. Bruque S. Aranda M.A. G. Rietveld quantitative amorphous content analysis. J. Appl. Crystallogr. 2001, 34:196-202. JACGAR, 0021-8898, 10.1107/S0021889801002485.
5. 3S from synchrotron and neutron powder diffraction and its role in quantitative phase analysis. Cem. Concr. Res. 2002, 32:1347-1356. CCNRAI, 0008-8846, 10.1016/S0008-8846(02)00796-2.
6. Dinnebier R.E. Billinge S.J. L. Powder Diffraction, Theory and Practice 2008, 10.1039/9781847558237, and (The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge).
7. Fischer R.X. Tillmanns E. The equivalent isotropic displacement factor. Acta Crystallogr., Sect. C: Cryst. Struct. Commun. 1988, 44:775-776. ACSCEE, 0108-2701, 10.1107/S0108270187012745.
8. Gutteridge W.A. On the dissolution of the interstitial phases in Portland cement. Cem. Concr. Res. 1979, 9:319-324. CCNRAI, 0008-8846, 10.1016/0008-8846(79)90124-8.
9. Han K.S. Glasser F.P. Gard J.A. Studies of the crystallization of the liquid phase in Portland clinker. Cem. Concr. Res. 1980, 10:443-448. CCNRAI, 0008-8846, 10.1016/0008-8846(80)90120-9.
10. Hermann H. Ermrich M. Microabsorption correction of X-ray intensities diffracted by multiphase powder specimens. Powder Diffr. 1989, 4:189-195. PODIE2, 0885-7156.
11. Hesse C. Goetz-Neunhoeffer F. Neubauer J. Braeu M. Gaeberlein P. Quantitative in-situ X-ray diffraction analysis of early hydration of white cement. Powder Diffr. 2009, 24:112-115. PODIE2, 0885-7156, 10.1154/1.3120603.
12. Hill R.J. Howard C.J. Quantitative phase analysis from neutron powder diffraction data using the Rietveld method. J. Appl. Crystallogr. 1987, 20:467-474. JACGAR, 0021-8898, 10.1107/S0021889887086199.
13. Hubbard C.R. Evans E.H. Smith D.K. The reference intensity ration I/Ic for computer simulated powder patterns. J. Appl. Crystallogr. 1976, 9:169-174. JACGAR, 0021-8898, 10.1107/S0021889876010807.
14. International Tables for Crystallography, Volume C: Mathematical, Physical and Chemical Tables 2004, International Union for Crystallography, E. Prince, 3rd ed., edited by (Kluwer, Boston).
15. Jost K.H. Ziemer B. Seydel R. Redetermination of the structure of β-dicalcium silicate. Acta Crystallogr., Sect. B: Struct. Crystallogr. Cryst. Chem. 1977, 33:1696-1700. ACBCAR, 0567-7408, 10.1107/S0567740877006918.
16. Jupe A.C. Cockcroft J.K. Barnes P. Colston S.L. Sankar G. Hall C. The site occupancy of Mg in the brownmillerite structure and its effect on hydration properties: An X-ray/neutron diffraction and EXAFS study. J. Appl. Crystallogr. 2001, 34:55-61. JACGAR, 0021-8898, 10.1107/S0021889800016095.
17. 4, from X-ray and neutron diffraction measurements. Acta Crystallogr., Sect. B: Struct. Crystallogr. Cryst. Chem. 1980, 36:2881-2890. ACBCAR, 0567-7408, 10.1107/S0567740880010461.
18. Klug H.P. Alexander L.E. X-Ray Diffraction Procedures 1974, and 2nd ed. (Wiley, New York).
19. Kolesov B.A. Geiger C.A. Armbruster T. The dynamic properties of zircon studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Eur. J. Mineral. 2001, 13:939-948. EJMIER, 0935-1221, 10.1127/0935-1221/2001/0013-0939.
20. Le Page Y. Donnay G. Refinement of the crystal structure of low-quartz. Acta Crystallogr., Sect. B: Struct. Crystallogr. Cryst. Chem. 1976, 32:2456-2459. ACBCAR, 0567-7408, 10.1107/S0567740876007966.
21. Le Saoût G. Füllmann T. Kocaba V. Scrivener K.L. Quantitative study of cementitious materials by X-ray diffraction. Rietveld analysis using an external standard. 2007, and Proceedings of the 12th ICCC, Montreal, Canada, 08-13 July 2007.
22. Le Saoût G. Kocaba V. Scrivener K. Application of the Rietveld method to the analysis of anhydrous cement. Cem. Concr. Res. 2011, 41:133-148. CCNRAI, 0008-8846, 10.1016/j.cemconres.2010.10.003.
23. Madsen I.C. Scarlett N.V. Y. Cranswick L.M. D. Lwin T. Outcomes of the International Union of Crystallography Commission on Powder Diffraction Round Robin on quantitative phase analysis: Samples 1a to 1h. J. Appl. Crystallogr. 2001, 34:409-426. JACGAR, 0021-8898, 10.1107/S0021889801007476.
24. Maki I. Mechanism of glass formation in Portland cement clinker. Cem. Concr. Res. 1979, 9:757-763. CCNRAI, 0008-8846, 10.1016/0008-8846(79)90071-1.
25. Man Suherman P. van Riessen A. O'Connor B. Li D. Bolton D. Fairhurst H. Determination of amorphous phase levels in Portland cement clinker. Powder Diffr. 2002, 17:178-185. PODIE2, 0885-7156, 10.1154/1.1471518.
26. 3. Acta Crystallogr., Sect. B: Struct. Sci. 1995, 51:929-939. ASBSDK, 0108-7681, 10.1107/S0108768195006434.
27. 6. Acta Crystallogr., Sect. B: Struct. Crystallogr. Cryst. Chem. 1975, 31:689-697. ACBCAR, 0567-7408, 10.1107/S0567740875003639.
28. Mueller R. Stabilisierung verschiedener dicalciumsilikat-modifikationen durch den einbau von phosphat: Synthese, Rietveld-analyse, kalorimetrie. 2001, , Diploma thesis, University of Erlangen.
29. Mursic Z. Vogt T. Boysen H. Frey F. Single-crystal neutron diffraction study of metamict zircon up to 2000 K. J. Appl. Crystallogr. 1992, 25:519-523. JACGAR, 0021-8898, 10.1107/S0021889892002577.
30. O'Connor B.H. Raven M.D. Application of the Rietveld refinement procedure in assaying powdered mixtures. Powder Diffr. 1988, 3:2-6. PODIE2, 0885-7156.
31. Ojima K. Hishihata Y. Sawada A. Structure of potassium sulfate at temperatures from 296 K down to 15 K. Acta Crystallogr., Sect. B: Struct. Sci. 1995, 51:287-293. ASBSDK, 0108-7681, 10.1107/S0108768194013327.
32. Pedersen B.F. Neutron diffraction refinement of the structure of gypsum. Acta Crystallogr., Sect. B: Struct. Crystallogr. Cryst. Chem. 1982, 38:1074-1077. ACBCAR, 0567-7408, 10.1107/S0567740882004993.
33. Rietveld H.M. A profile refinement method for nuclear and magnetic structures. J. Appl. Crystallogr. 1969, 2:65-71. JACGAR, 0021-8898, 10.1107/S0021889869006558.
34. Robinson K. Gibbs V. Ribbe P.H. The structure of zircon: A comparison with garnet. Am. Mineral. 1971, 56:782-791. AMMIAY, 0003-004X.
35. Scrivener K.L. Füllmann T. Gallucci E. Walenta G. Bermejo E. Quantitative study of Portland cement hydration by X-ray diffraction/Rietveld analysis and independent methods. Cem. Concr. Res. 2004, 34:1541-1547. CCNRAI, 0008-8846, 10.1016/j.cemconres.2004.04.014.
36. Struble L.J. The effect of water on maleic acid and salicylic acid extractions. Cem. Concr. Res. 1985, 15:631-636. CCNRAI, 0008-8846, 10.1016/0008-8846(85)90062-6.
37. 2O solid-solution series. Z. Kristallogr. 1980, 152:259-307. ZEKRDZ, 0044-2968, 10.1524/zkri.1980.152.3-4.259.
38. Taylor H.F. W. Cement Chemistry 1997, 10.1680/cc.25929, (Thomas Telford, London).
39. Többens D.M. Stuesser N. Knorr K. Mayer H.M. Lampert G. The new high-resolution neutron powder diffractometer at the Berlin neutron scattering center. Mater. Sci. Forum 2001, 378-381:288-293. MSFOEP, 0255-5476, 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.378-381.288.
40. Trueblood K.N. Bürgi H.-B. Burzlaff H. Dunitz J.D. Gramaccioli C.M. Schulz H.H. Shmueli U. Abrahams S.C. Atomic displacement parameter nomenclature report of a subcommittee on atomic displacement parameter nomenclature. Acta Crystallogr., Sect. A: Found. Crystallogr. 1996, 52:770-781. ACACEQ, 0108-7673, 10.1107/S0108767396005697.
41. Weiss H. Bräu M.F. How much water does calcined gypsum contain?. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2009, 48:3520-3524. ACIEF5, 1433-7851, 10.1002/anie.200900726.
42. Westphal T. Füllmann T. Pöllmann H. Rietveld quantification of amorphous portions with an internal standard-mathematical consequences of the experimental approach. Powder Diffr. 2009, 24:239-243. PODIE2, 0885-7156, 10.1154/1.3187828.
43. Whitfield P.S. Mitchell L.D. Quantitative Rietveld analysis of the amorphous content in cements and clinkers. J. Mater. Sci. 2003, 38:4415-4421. JMTSAS, 0022-2461, 10.1023/A:1026363906432.
44. Young R.A. The Rietveld Method 1995, (Oxford University Press, New York).