Cohort differences in having and retaining friends in personal networks in later life

Journal of Social and Personal Relationships

Volumn 28, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 24-43

  Stevens, Nan L ^a,b   van Tilburg, Theo G ^a  

^a VU UNIVERSITY AMSTERDAM   (Netherlands)

^b RADBOUD UNIVERSITY NIJMEGEN   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Friendship; Gender; Gerontology

Indexed keywords

EID: 79952257436     PISSN: 02654075     EISSN: 14603608     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0265407510386191     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Adams, R.G. (1987). Patterns of network change: A longitudinal study of friendships of elderly women. Gerontologist, 27, 222-227.
2. Adams, R.G., & Allan, G.A. (1998). Placing friendship in context. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
3. Adams, R.G., & Blieszner, R. (1989). Older adult friendship: Structure and process. London: Sage.
4. Allan, G.A. (1989). Friendship: Developing a sociological perspective. Hemel- Hempstead: Harvester-Wheatsheaf.
5. Allan, G.A. (2001). Personal relationships in late modernity. Personal Relationships, 8, 325-339.
6. Allan, G.A. (2008). Flexibility, friendship and family. Personal Relationships, 15, 1-16.
7. Ajrouch, K.J., Blandon, A.Y., & Antonucci, T.C. (2005). Social networks among men and women: The effects of age and socio-economic status. Journal of Gerontology, 60B, S311-S317.
8. Bauman, Z. (2000). Liquid modernity. Cambridge, UK: Polity.
9. Beck, U. (1992). Risk society: Towards a new modernity. London: Sage.
10. Brewer, D.D., & Webster, C.M. (1999). Forgetting of friends and its effects on measuring friendship networks. Social Networks, 21, 361-373.
11. Budgeon, S. (2006). Friendship and formations of sociality in late modernity. Sociological Research Online, 11(3). Retrieved October 27th, 2010 from http://www.socresonline.org.uk/11/3/budgeon.html.
12. Carstensen, L.L. (1992). Social and emotional patterns in adulthood: Support for socioemotional selectivity theory. Psychology and Aging, 7, 331-338.
13. Deeg, D.J.H., Van Tilburg, T.G., Smit, J.H., & De Leeuw, E.D. (2002). Attrition in the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam: The effect of differential inclusion in side studies. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 55, 319-328.
14. Dykstra, P.A. (1990). Next of (non)kin: The importance of primary relationships for older adults' well-being. Lisse, The Netherlands: Swets & Zeitlinger.
15. Ekamper, P. (2006). Werkende ouderen in België en Nederland: De cijfers [Older adults in the labor force: Figures for Belgium and the Netherlands]. Tijdschrift voor HRM, 6, 7-22.
16. Elder, G.H. (1998). The life course as developmental theory. Child Development, 69, 1-12.
17. Field, D. (1999). Continuity and change in friendships in advanced old age: Findings from the Berkeley Older Generation Study. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 48, 325-346.
18. Fischer, C.S. (1982). What do we mean by 'friend'?: An inductive study. Social Networks, 3, 287-306.
19. Fischer, C.S., & Oliker, S.J. (1983). A research note on friendship, gender and the life cycle. Social Forces, 62, 134-133.
20. Giddens, A. (1990). The consequences of modernity. Cambridge, UK: Polity.
21. Gilleard, C., & Higgs, P. (2007). The third age and the baby boomers: Two approaches to the social structuring of later life. International Journal of Ageing and Later Life, 2, 13-30.
22. Guiaux, M., Van Tilburg, T.G., & Broese van Groenou, M.I. (2007). Changes in contact and support exchange in personal networks after widowhood. Personal Relationships, 14, 457-473.
23. Hansson, R.O. (1986). Relational competence, relationships and adjustment in old age. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 1050-1058.
24. Hartup, W.W., & Stevens, N.L. (1997). Friendship and adaptation in the life course. Psychological Bulletin, 121, 355-370.
25. Hatch, L.R., & Bulcroft, K. (1992). Contact with friends in later life: Disentangling the effects of gender and marital status. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 54, 222-232.
26. Hogg, J.R., & Heller, K. (1990). A measure of relational competence for community-dwelling elderly. Psychology and Aging, 5, 580-588.
27. Jerrome, D., & Wenger, G.C. (1999). Stability and change in late-life friendships. Ageing and Society, 19, 661-676.
28. Knipscheer, C. P. M., De Jong Gierveld, J., Van Tilburg, T. G., & Dykstra, P. A. (Eds.) (1995). Living arrangements and social networks of older adults. Amsterdam: VU University Press.
29. Knipscheer, C.P.M., & Dykstra, P.A. (1995). Reflections on older adults' living arrangements and social networks. In C. P. M. Knipscheer, J. de Jong Gierveld, T. G. van Tilburg, & P. A. Dykstra (Eds.), Living arrangements and social networks of older adults (pp. 173-184). Amsterdam: VU University Press.
30. Liefbroer, A.C., & Dykstra, P.A. (2000). Levenslopen in verandering: Een studie naar ontwikkelingen in de levenslopen van Nederlanders geboren tussen 1900 en 1970 [Changing lives: The life courses of the 1900-1970 Dutch birth cohorts]. Den Haag: SDU Uitgevers.
31. Litwak, E. (1989). Forms of friendships among older people in an industrial society. In R. G. Adams & R. Blieszner (Eds.), Older adult friendship: Structure and process (pp. 65-88). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
32. Matt, G.E., & Dean, A. (1993). Social support from friends and psychological distress among elderly persons: Moderator effects of age. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 34, 187-200.
33. Matthews, S.H. (1983). Definitions of friendship and their consequences in old age. Ageing and Society, 3, 141-155.
34. Moore, G. (1990). Structural determinants of men's and women's personal networks. American Sociological Review, 55, 726-735.
35. Pahl, R. (2000). On friendship. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.
36. Pahl, R., & Pevalin, D.J. (2005). Between family and friends: A longitudinal study of friendship choice. British Journal of Sociology, 56, 433-450.
37. Pescosolido, B.A., & Rubin, B.A. (2000). The web of group affiliations revisited: Social life, postmodernism, and sociology. American Sociological Review, 65, 52-76.
38. Rasbash, J., & Woodhouse, G. (1995). MLn command reference, version 1.0. University of London, Institute of Education, Multilevels project.
39. Rawlins, W.K. (1992). Friendship matters: Communication, dialectics, and the life course. New York: Aldine De Gruyter.
40. Shaw, B.A., Krause, N., Liang, J., & Bennett, J. (2007). Tracking changes in social relations throughout late life. Journal of Gerontology, 62B, S90-S99.
41. Sias, P., & Bartoo, H. (2007). Friendship, social support, and health. In L. L'Abate (Ed.), Low-cost approaches to promote physical and mental health (pp. 455-472). New York: Springer.
42. Stevens, N.L. (1995). Gender and adaptation to widowhood in later life. Ageing & Society, 15, 37-58.
43. Stevens, N.L. (2003). Vriendschap voor gevorderden [Advanced friendship]. Inaugural lecture, VU University Amsterdam.
44. Van Tilburg, T.G. (1992). Support networks before and after retirement. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 9, 433-445.
45. Van Tilburg, T.G. (1998). Losing and gaining in old age: Changes in personal network size and social support in a four-year longitudinal study. Journal of Gerontology, 53B, S313-S323.
46. Van Tilburg, T.G. (2003). Consequences of men's retirement for the continuation of work-related personal relationships. Ageing International, 28, 345-358.
47. Van Tilburg, T.G., & Thomése, G.C.F. (2010). Societal dynamics in personal networks. In D. Dannefer & C. R. Phillipson (Eds.), The Sage handbook of social gerontology (pp. 215-225). London: Sage.
48. Wagner, M., Schütze, Y., & Lang, F.R. (1999). Social relationships in old age. In P. B. Baltes & K. U. Mayer (Eds.), The Berlin Aging Study: Aging from 70 to 100 (pp. 282-301). New York: Cambridge University Press.
49. Wang, H., & Wellman, B. (2010). Social connectivity in America: Changes in adult friendship network size from 2002 to 2007. American Behavioral Scientist, 53, 1148-1169.
50. Wenger, G.C. (1986). A longitudinal study of changes and adaptation in the support networks of Welsh elderly over 75. Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology, 1, 277-304.
51. Wright, P.H. (1989). Gender differences in adults' same- and cross-gender friendships. In R. G. Adams & R. Blieszner (Eds.), Older adult friendship: Structure and process (pp. 197-221). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.