Swarming motility by Photorhabdus temperata is influenced by environmental conditions and uses the same flagella as that used in swimming motility

Canadian Journal of Microbiology

Volumn 57, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 196-203

  Michaels, Brandye ^a,b   Tisa, Louis S ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE   (United States)

^b Pfizer Inc   (United States)

Author keywords

Biocontrol agent; Environmental signals; Nematode; Photorhabdus; Signal transduction; Swarming behavior

Indexed keywords

BIOCONTROL AGENT; ENVIRONMENTAL SIGNALS; NEMATODE; PHOTORHABDUS; SWARMING BEHAVIOR;

ALGAE; BACTERIOPHAGES; BIOCONTROL; POLYSACCHARIDES; SODIUM CHLORIDE;

SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

AGAR; FLAGELLIN; POTASSIUM CHLORIDE; SODIUM CHLORIDE;

AGAR; BIOCONTROL AGENT; CHLORIDE; CONCENTRATION (COMPOSITION); EXPERIMENTAL STUDY; MOTILITY; MUTATION; NEMATODE; SWARMING; SWIMMING;

ARTICLE; BACTERIAL GROWTH; CILIARY MOTILITY; FLAGELLUM; IMMUNOBLOTTING; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; PHOTORHABDUS; PHOTORHABDUS TEMPERATA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

AGAR; CULTURE MEDIA; FLAGELLA; FLAGELLIN; MICROSCOPY, ELECTRON, TRANSMISSION; PHOTORHABDUS; SALTS;

HEXAPODA; PHOTORHABDUS; PHOTORHABDUS TEMPERATA;

EID: 79952227890     PISSN: 00084166     EISSN: 14803275     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1139/W10-119     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Akhurst, R.J. 1982. Antibiotic activity of Xenorhabdus spp., bacteria symbiotically associated with insect pathogenic nematodes of the families Heterorhabditidae and Steinernematidae. J. Gen. Microbiol. 128(12): 3061-3065. PMID:7183749.
2. Alberti, L., and Harshey, R.M. 1990. Differentiation of Serratia marcescens 274 into swimmer and swarmer cells. J. Bacteriol. 172(8): 4322-4328. PMID:2198253.
3. Boemare, N.E., Akhurst, R.J., and Mourant, R.G. 1993. DNA relatedness between Xenorhabdus spp. (Enterobacteriaceae), symbiotic bacteria of entomopathogenic nematodes and a proposal to transfer Xenorhabdus luminescens to a new genus, Photorhabdus gen. nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 43(2): 249-255. doi:10.1099/00207713-43-2-249.
4. Bowen, D.J., and Ensign, J.C. 1998. Purification and characterization of a high-molecular-weight insecticidal protein complex produced by the entomopathogenic bacterium Photorhabdus luminescens. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64(8): 3029-3035. PMID: 9687469.
5. Bowen, D., Rocheleau, T.A., Blackburn, M., Andreev, O., Golubeva, E., Bhartia, R., and Ffrench-Constant, R.H. 1998. Insecticidal toxins from the bacterium Photorhabdus luminescens. Science, 280(5372): 2129-2132. doi:10.1126/science.280.5372. 2129. PMID:9641921.
6. Brillard, J., Ribeiro, C., Boemare, N., Brehélin, M., and Givaudan, A. 2001. Two distinct hemolytic activities in Xenorhabdus nematophila are active against immunocompetent insect cells. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67(6): 2515-2525. doi:10.1128/AEM. 67.6.2515-2525.2001. PMID:11375158.
7. Ciche, T.A., Darby, C., Ehlers, R.-U., Forst, S., and Goodrich-Blair, H. 2006. Dangerous liaisons: the symbiosis of entomopathogenic nematodes and bacteria. Biol. Control, 38(1): 22-46. doi:10.1016/j.biocontrol.2005.11.016.
8. Clarke, D.J. 2008. Photorhabdus: a model for the analysis of pathogenicity and mutualism. Cell. Microbiol. 10(11): 2159-2167. doi:10.1111/j.1462-5822.2008.01209.x. PMID:18647173.
9. Daniels, R., Vanderleyden, J., and Michiels, J. 2004. Quorum sensing and swarming migration in bacteria. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 28(3): 261-289. doi:10.1016/j.femsre.2003.09.004. PMID: 15449604.
10. Dowds, B.C.A., and Peters, A. 2002. Virulence mechanisms. In Entomopathogenic nematology. Edited by R. Gaugler. CAB International, New York. pp. 79-93.
11. Duchaud, E., Rusniok, C., Frangeul, L., Buchrieser, C., Givaudan, A., Taourit, S., et al. 2003. The genome sequence of the entomopathogenic bacterium Photorhabdus luminescens. Nat. Biotechnol. 21(11): 1307-1313. doi:10.1038/nbt886. PMID: 14528314.
12. Easom, C.A., and Clarke, D.J. 2008. Motility is required for the competitive fitness of entomopathogenic Photorhabdus luminescens during insect infection. BMC Microbiol. 8(1): 168. doi:10. 1186/1471-2180-8-168. PMID:18834522.
13. Engvall, E., and Perlmann, P. 1971. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Quantitative assay of immunoglobulin G. Immunochemistry, 8(9): 871-874. doi:10.1016/0019-2791(71)90454-X. PMID:5135623.
14. Ffrench-Constant, R.H., Waterfield, N., Daborn, P., Joyce, S., Bennett, H., Au, C., et al. 2003. Photorhabdus: towards a functional genomic analysis of a symbiont and pathogen. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 26(5): 433-456. doi:10.1111/j.1574-6976.2003.tb00625.x. PMID:12586390.
15. Fischer-Le Saux, M., Viallard, V., Brunel, B., Normand, P., and Boemare, N.E. 1999. Polyphasic classification of the genus Photorhabdus and proposal of new taxa: P. luminescens subsp. luminescens subsp. nov., P. luminescens subsp. akhurstii subsp. nov., P. luminescens subsp. laumondii subsp. nov., P. temperata sp. nov., P. temperata subsp. temperata subsp. nov. and P. asymbiotica sp. nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 49(4): 1645-1656. doi:10.1099/00207713-49-4-1645. PMID:10555346.
16. Forst, S., Dowds, B., Boemare, N., and Stackebrandt, E. 1997. Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus spp.: bugs that kill bugs. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 51(1): 47-72. doi:10.1146/annurev.micro.51.1. 47. PMID:9343343.
17. Givaudan, A., and Lanois, A. 2000. flhDC, the flagellar master operon of Xenorhabdus nematophilus: requirement for motility, lipolysis, extracellular hemolysis, and full virulence in insects. J. Bacteriol. 182(1): 107-115. doi:10.1128/JB.182.1.107-115.2000. PMID:10613869.
18. Graf, J., Dunlap, P.V., and Ruby, E.G. 1994. Effect of transposoninduced motility mutations on colonization of the host light organ by Vibrio fischeri. J. Bacteriol. 176(22): 6986-6991. PMID: 7961462.
19. Harshey, R.M. 2003. Bacterial motility on a surface: many ways to a common goal. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 57(1): 249-273. doi:10. 1146/annurev.micro.57.030502.091014. PMID:14527279.
20. Hodgson, M.M., Day, B., White, D.J., and Tisa, L.S. 2003. Effect of growth conditions on the motility of Photorhabdus temperata. Arch. Microbiol. 180(1): 17-24. doi:10.1007/s00203-003-0558-z. PMID:12783158.
21. Josenhans, C., and Suerbaum, S. 2002. The role of motility as a virulence factor in bacteria. Int. J. Med. Microbiol. 291(8): 605-614. doi:10.1078/1438-4221-00173. PMID:12008914.
22. Joyce, S.A., Watson, R.J., and Clarke, D.J. 2006. The regulation of pathogenicity and mutualism in Photorhabdus. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 9(2): 127-132. doi:10.1016/j.mib.2006.01.004. PMID: 16480919.
23. Laemmli, U.K. 1970. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature, 227(5259): 680-685. doi:10.1038/227680a0. PMID:5432063.
24. McCarter, L.L. 2004. Dual flagellar systems enable motility under different circumstances. J. Mol. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 7(1-2): 18-29. doi:10.1159/000077866. PMID:15170400.
25. Merino, S., Shaw, J.G., and Tomás, J.M. 2006. Bacterial lateral flagella: an inducible flagella system. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 263(2): 127-135. doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.2006.00403.x. PMID: 16978346.
26. Michaels, B.A. 2006. Genetics and physiology of motility by Photorhabdus spp. Ph.D. thesis, The University of New Hampshire, Durham, N.H.
27. Rather, P.N. 2005. Swarmer cell differentiation in Proteus mirabilis. Environ. Microbiol. 7(8): 1065-1073. doi:10.1111/j. 1462-2920.2005.00806.x.
28. San Francisco, M.J.D., Tisa, L.S., and Rosen, B.P. 1989. Identification of the membrane component of the anion pump encoded by the arsenical resistance operon of R-factor R773. Mol. Microbiol. 3(1): 15-21. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1989.tb00098.x. PMID:2523997.
29. Schmidt, T.M., Bleakley, B., and Nealson, K.H. 1988. Characterization of an extracellular protease from the insect pathogen Xenorhabdus luminescens. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 54(11): 2793-2797. PMID:16347777.
30. Soutourina, O.A., and Bertin, P.N. 2003. Regulation cascade of flagellar expression in Gram-negative bacteria. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 27(4): 505-523. doi:10.1016/S0168-6445(03)00064-0. PMID:14550943.
31. Sprott, G.D., Koval, S.F., and Schnaitman, C.A. 1994. Cell fractionation. In Methods for general and molecular microbiology. Edited by P. Gerhardt, R.G.E. Murray, W.A. Wood, and N.R. Krieg. American Society for Microbiology, Wash., USA. pp. 72-103.
32. Thomas, G.M., and Poinar, J.G.O. 1979. Xenorhabdus gen. nov., a genus of entomopathogenic, nematophilic bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 29(4): 352-360. doi:10.1099/00207713-29-4-352.
33. Wang, H., and Dowds, B.C.A. 1993. Phase variation in Xenorhabdus luminescens: cloning and sequencing of the lipase gene and analysis of its expression in primary and secondary phases of the bacterium. J. Bacteriol. 175(6): 1665-1673. PMID:8449874.
34. Waterfield, N.R., Ciche, T., and Clarke, D.J. 2009. Photorhabdus and a host of hosts. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 63(1): 557-574. doi:10.1146/annurev.micro.091208.073507. PMID:19575559.