A systematic review of duloxetine and venlafaxine in major depression, including unpublished data

Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica

Volumn 123, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 247-265

  Schueler, Y B ^a   Koesters, M ^b   Wieseler, B ^a   Grouven, U ^a,c   Kromp, M ^a   Kerekes, M F ^a   Kreis, J ^a   Kaiser, T ^a   Becker, T ^b   Weinmann, S ^b,d  

^a INSTITUTE FOR QUALITY AND EFFICIENCY IN HEALTH CARE IQWIG   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ULM   (Germany)

^c HANNOVER MEDICAL SCHOOL   (Germany)

^d CHARITÉ UNIVERSITÄTSMEDIZIN BERLIN   (Germany)

Author keywords

Depression; Duloxetine; Meta analysis; Selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors; Systematic review; Venlafaxine

Indexed keywords

AMITRIPTYLINE; CITALOPRAM; CLOMIPRAMINE; DOSULEPIN; DULOXETINE; ESCITALOPRAM; FLUOXETINE; FLUVOXAMINE; IMIPRAMINE; MAPROTILINE; NORTRIPTYLINE; PAROXETINE; SERTRALINE; VENLAFAXINE;

COMPARATIVE STUDY; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG TOLERABILITY; DRUG WITHDRAWAL; HUMAN; MAJOR DEPRESSION; META ANALYSIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); REMISSION; REVIEW; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; TREATMENT RESPONSE; UNSPECIFIED SIDE EFFECT;

ADULT; ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENTS, SECOND-GENERATION; ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENTS, TRICYCLIC; CYCLOHEXANOLS; DEPRESSIVE DISORDER, MAJOR; DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP, DRUG; DRUG RESISTANCE; HUMANS; PHARMACOLOGICAL PROCESSES; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS AS TOPIC; REMISSION INDUCTION; THERAPEUTIC EQUIVALENCY; THIOPHENES; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 79952212654     PISSN: 0001690X     EISSN: 16000447     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2010.01599.x     Document Type: Review

References (179)

1. Stahl SM, Grady MM, Moret C, Briley M. SNRIs: their pharmacology, clinical efficacy, and tolerability in comparison with other classes of antidepressants. Cns Spectrums 2005;10:732-747.
2. IMS Health. Top 15 global products. [updated 2009; cited 5 August 2009]; Available from.
3. Nemeroff CB, Entsuah R, Benattia I, Demitrack M, Sloan DM, Thase ME. Comprehensive analysis of remission (COMPARE) with venlafaxine versus SSRIs. Biol Psychiatry 2008;63:424-434.
4. Bauer M, Tharmanathan P, Volz HP, Moeller HJ, Freemantle N. The effect of venlafaxine compared with other antidepressants and placebo in the treatment of major depression: a meta-analysis. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2009;259:172-185.
5. Mallinckrodt CH, Prakash A, Houston JP, Swindle R, Detke MJ, Fava M. Differential antidepressant symptom efficacy: placebo-controlled comparisons of duloxetine and SSRIs (fluoxetine, paroxetine, escitalopram). Neuropsychobiology 2007;56:73-85.
6. Thase ME, Pritchett YL, Ossanna MJ, Swindle RW, Xu J, Detke MJ. Efficacy of duloxetine and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: comparisons as assessed by remission rates in patients with major depressive disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2007;27:672-676.
7. Is there a place for duloxetine? Drug Ther Bull 2007;45:29-32.
8. Cipriani A, Furukawa TA, Salanti G et al. Comparative efficacy and acceptability of 12 new-generation antidepressants: a multiple-treatments meta-analysis. Lancet 2009;373:746-758.
9. Turner EH, Matthews AM, Linardatos E, Tell RA, Rosenthal R. Selective publication of antidepressant trials and its influence on apparent efficacy. N Engl J Med 2008;358:252-260.
10. Institut für Qualität und Wirtschaftlichkeit im Gesundheits-wesen. Selektive Serotonin- und Noradrenalin-Wiederaufnahmehemmer (SNRI) bei Patienten mit Depressionen: Abschlussbericht; Auftrag A05-20A. [updated 17 Jun 2009; cited 18 Aug 2009]; Available from.
11. Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care. Selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRI) for patients with depression: executive summary; commission A05-20A. [updated 17 Jun 2009; cited 24 Aug 2009]; Available from.
12. Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care. General methods: version 3.0. [updated 27 May 2008; cited 11 Aug 2009]; Available from.
13. World Health Organization. The ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioural disorders: clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines. Genf: WHO; 1992.
14. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-IV. Washington, DC: APA; 1994.
15. Spitzer RL, Endicott J, Robins E. Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) for a selected group of functional disorders. 3 edn. New York: New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1978.
16. Biomarkers Definitions Working Group. Biomarkers and surrogate endpoints: preferred definitions and conceptual framework. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2001;69:89-95.
17. Eli Lilly and Company. Eli Lilly and Company clinical trial registry. Available from.
18. WYETH. Clinical trial results. Available from.
19. Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America. PhRMA clinical study results database. Available from.
20. U.S. National Institutes of Health. ClinicalTrials.gov. Available from.
21. International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers and Associations. IFPMA clinical trials portal. Available from.
22. European Medicines Agency. Homepage. Available from.
23. Food and Drug Administration. Homepage. Available from.
24. Brannan SK, Mallinckrodt CH, Brown EB, Wohlreich MM, Watkin JG, Schatzberg AF. Duloxetine 60mg once-daily in the treatment of painful physical symptoms in patients with major depressive disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2005;39:43-53.
25. Eli Lilly and Company. Duloxetine once-daily dosing versus placebo in patients with major depression and pain: study F1J-US-HMCB; clinical study summary 6353. [updated 27 Mar 2006; cited 01 Feb 2007]; Available from.
26. Eli Lilly. Duloxetine once-daily dosing versus placebo in patients with major depression and pain: study F1J-US-HMCB [unpublished]. 2003.
27. Brecht S, Courtecuisse C, Debieuvre C et al. Efficacy and safety of duloxetine 60mg once daily in the treatment of pain in patients with major depressive disorder and at least moderate pain of unknown etiology: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychiatry 2007;68:1707-1716.
28. Eli Lilly and Company. A ten-week, randomized, double-blind study evaluating the efficacy of duloxetine 60mg once daily versus placebo in outpatients with major depressive disorder and pain: study F1J-BI-HMDH; clinical study summary 8605. [updated 04 Jun 2007; cited 05 Mar 2008]; Available from.
29. Eli Lilly. A ten-week, randomized, double-blind study evaluating the efficacy of duloxetine 60mg once daily versus placebo in outpatients with major depressive disorder and pain (EU-Pain enriched study): study number 1208.10; study F1J-BI-HMDH [unpublished]. 2006.
30. Detke MJ, Lu Y, Goldstein DJ, Mcnamara RK, Demitrack MA. Duloxetine 60mg once daily dosing versus placebo in the acute treatment of major depression. J Psychiatr Res 2002;36:383-390.
31. Eli Lilly and Company. Duloxetine once-daily dosing versus placebo in the acute treatment of major depression: study F1J-MC-HMBH, study group B; clinical study summary 4689. [updated 23 Nov 2004; cited 30 Jan 2006]; Available from.
32. Eli Lilly. Duloxetine once-daily dosing versus placebo in the acute treatment of major depression: study F1J-MC-HMBH, study group B [unpublished]. 2001.
33. Detke MJ, Lu Y, Goldstein DJ, Hayes JR, Demitrack MA. Duloxetine, 60mg once daily, for major depressive disorder: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Psychiatry 2002;63:308-315.
34. Eli Lilly and Company. Duloxetine once-daily dosing versus placebo in the acute treatment of major depression: study F1J-MC-HMBH, study group A; clinical study summary 4689. [updated 15 Nov 2004; cited 30 Jan 2006]; Available from.
35. Eli Lilly. Duloxetine once-daily dosing versus placebo in the acute treatment of major depression: study F1J-MC-HMBH, study group A [unpublished]. 2001.
36. Detke MJ, Wiltse CG, Mallinckrodt CH, Mcnamara RK, Demitrack MA, Bitter I. Duloxetine in the acute and long-term treatment of major depressive disorder: a placebo- and paroxetine-controlled trial. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2004;14:457-470.
37. Eli Lilly and Company. Duloxetine versus placebo and paroxetine in the treatment of major depression: study F1J-MC-HMAY, study group A; clinical study summary 4298. [updated 23 Jun 2005; cited 30 Jan 2006]; Available from.
38. Eli Lilly. Duloxetine versus placebo and paroxetine in the treatment of major depression: study F1J-MC-HMAY, study group A [unpublished]. 2003
39. Goldstein DJ, Mallinckrodt C, Lu Y, Demitrack MA. Duloxetine in the treatment of major depressive disorder: a double-blind clinical trial. J Clin Psychiatry 2002;63:225-231.
40. Eli Lilly and Company. Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of major depression: study F1J-MC-HMAQ, study group A; clinical study synopsis 3327. [updated 16 Nov 2004; cited 30 Jan 2006]; Available from.
41. Eli Lilly. Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of major depression: study F1J-MC-HMAQ, study group A [unpublished]. 2001.
42. Goldstein DJ, Lu Y, Detke MJ, Wiltse C, Mallinckrodt C, Demitrack MA. Duloxetine in the treatment of depression: a double-blind placebo-controlled comparison with paroxetine. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2004;24:389-399.
43. Eli Lilly and Company. Duloxetine versus placebo and paroxetine in the acute treatment of major depression: study F1J-MC-HMAT, study group B; clinical study summary 4091. [updated 16 Nov 2004; cited 30 Jan 2006]; Available from.
44. Eli Lilly. Duloxetine versus placebo and paroxetine in the acute treatment of major depression: study F1J-MC-HMAT, study group B [unpublished]. 2001.
45. Eli Lilly and Company. Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of major depression: study F1J-MC-HMAQ, study group B; clinical study summary 3327. [updated 16 Nov 2006; cited 30 Jan 2006]; Available from.
46. Eli Lilly. Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of major depression: study F1J-MC-HMAQ, study group B [unpublished]. 2001.
47. Eli Lilly and Company. Duloxetine versus placebo and paroxetine in the acute treatment of major depression: study F1J-MC-HMAT, study group A; clinical study summary 4091. [updated 16 Nov 2006; cited 30 Jan 2006]; Available from.
48. Eli Lilly. Duloxetine versus placebo and paroxetine in the acute treatment of major depression: study F1J-MC-HMAT, study group A [unpublished]. 2001.
49. Nierenberg AA, Greist JH, Mallinckrodt CH et al. Duloxetine versus escitalopram and placebo in the treatment of patients with major depressive disorder: onset of antidepressant action, a non-inferiority study. Curr Med Res Opin 2007;23:401-416.
50. Eli Lilly and Company. Duloxetine versus escitalopram and placebo in the treatment of patients with major depression: study F1J-US-HMCR; clinical study summary 7978. [updated 12 Feb 2007; cited 13 Apr 2007]; Available from.
51. Eli Lilly. Duloxetine Versus Escitalopram and Placebo in the Treatment of Patients With Major Depression: study F1J-US-HMCR [unpublished]. 2005.
52. Perahia DG, Wang F, Mallinckrodt CH, Walker DJ, Detke MJ. Duloxetine in the treatment of major depressive disorder: a placebo- and paroxetine-controlled trial. Eur Psychiatry 2006;21:367-378.
53. Eli Lilly and Company. Duloxetine versus placebo and paroxetine in the treatment of major depression: study F1J-MC-HMAY, study group B; clinical study summary 4298. [updated 27 Jul 2006; cited 16 May 2006]; Available from.
54. Eli Lilly. Duloxetine versus placebo and paroxetine in the treatment of major depression: study F1J-MC-HMAY, study group B [unpublished]. 2003.
55. Raskin J, Wiltse CG, Siegal A et al. Efficacy of duloxetine on cognition, depression, and pain in elderly patients with major depressive disorder: an 8-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry 2007;164:900-909.
56. Wise TN, Wiltse CG, Iosifescu DV, Sheridan M, Xu JY, Raskin J. The safety and tolerability of duloxetine in depressed elderly patients with and without medical comorbidity. Int J Clin Pract 2007;61:1283-1293.
57. Eli Lilly and Company. Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of elderly patients with major depressive disorder: study F1J-MC-HMBV; clinical study summary 6091. [updated 02 Aug 2005; cited 27 Jul 2007]; Available from.
58. Eli Lilly. Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of elderly patients with major depressive disorder: study F1J-MC-HMBV [unpublished]. 2004.
59. Khan A, Bose A, Alexopoulos GS, Gommoll C, Li D, Gandhi C. Double-blind comparison of escitalopram and duloxetine in the acute treatment of major depressive disorder. Clin Drug Investig 2007;27:481-492.
60. Lee P, Shu L, Xu X et al. Once-daily duloxetine 60mg in the treatment of major depressive disorder: multicenter, double-blind, randomized, paroxetine-controlled, non-inferiority trial in China, Korea, Taiwan and Brazil. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2007;61:295-307.
61. Eli Lilly and Company. Duloxetine versus paroxetine in the acute treatment of major depression: study F1J-AA-HMCV; clinical study summary 6937. [updated 10 Aug 2006; cited 02 May 2007]; Available from.
62. Eli Lilly. Duloxetine versus paroxetine in the acute treatment of major depression: study F1J-AA-HMCV [unpublished]. 2006.
63. Cunningham LA. Once-daily venlafaxine extended release (XR) and venlafaxine immediate release (IR) in outpatients with major depression. Ann Clin Psychiatry 1997;9:157-164.
64. Wyeth Pharma. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of venlafaxine ER in outpatients with major depression: study 0600B-208-US-GMR-26165 [unpublished].
65. Khan A, Upton GV, Rudolph RL, Entsuah R, Leventer SM. The use of venlafaxine in the treatment of major depression and major depression associated with anxiety: a dose-response study. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1998;18:19-25.
66. Wyeth Pharma. Double-blind, placebo-controlled evaluation of three twice-daily doses of venlafaxine in patients with major depression: study 0600A1-342-US-GMR-24199 [unpublished].
67. Mendels J, Johnston R, Mattes J, Riesenberg R. Efficacy and safety of b.i.d. doses of venlafaxine in a dose-response study. Psychopharmacol Bull 1993;29:169-174.
68. Wyeth Pharma. Double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group dosage-determination study of low doses of venlafaxine in depressed patients: study 0600A-313-US-GMR-19056 [unpublished].
69. Rudolph RL, Fabre LF, Feighner JP, Rickels K, Entsuah R, Derivan AT. A randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-response trial of venlafaxine hydrochloride in the treatment of major depression. J Clin Psychiatry 1998;59:116-122.
70. Wyeth Pharma. Double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group dosgae-determination study of venlafaxine tablets in depressed patients: study 0600A-203-US-GMR-16798 [unpublished].
71. Schweizer E, Feighner J, Mandos LA, Rickels K. Comparison of venlafaxine and imipramine in the acute treatment of major depression in outpatients. J Clin Psychiatry 1994;55:104-108.
72. Wyeth Pharma. Randomized double-blind comaprison of venlafaxine, imipramine and placebo capsules in outpatients with major depression: study 0600A-301-US-301-EXT-US-GMR-18062 [unpublished].
73. Thase ME. Efficacy and tolerability of once-daily venlafaxine extended release (XR) in outpatients with major depression. J Clin Psychiatry 1997;58:393-398.
74. Wyeth Pharma. Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of venlafaxine ER in outpatients with major depression: study 0600B-209-US-GMR-27258 [unpublished].
75. Wyeth Pharma. Double-blind placebo controlled study of venlaflaxine ER and venlafaxine oros in outpatients with major depression: study 0600C1-217-US-CSR-45150 [unpublished].
76. Wyeth Pharma. Randomized, double-blind comparison of venlafaxine (WY-45, 030), imipramine, and placebo capsules in outpatients with major depression: study 600A-303-US-303-EXT-GMR-20448 [unpublished].
77. Wyeth Pharma. A double-blind, randomized, controlled evaluation of the effects of venlafaxine on blood pressure of patients being treated for major depression: study 0600A1-343-US-GMR-25304 [unpublished].
78. Wyeth Pharma. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, comparative study of extended release formulation of venlafaxine and imipramine on the time of onset of antidepressant response in patients with severe major depression: study 0600B1-384-US-EU-CA CSR-41642 [unpublished].
79. Cunningham LA, Borison RL, Carman JS et al. A comparison of venlafaxine, trazodone, and placebo in major depression. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1994;14:99-106.
80. Wyeth Pharma. Randomized double-blind comparison of venlafaxine, trazodone and placebo capsules in outpatients with major depression: study 0600A-302-US-CA-GMR-20334 [unpublished].
81. Lecrubier Y, Bourin M, Moon CAL et al. Efficacy of venlafaxine in depressive illness in general practice. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1997;95:485-493.
82. Wyeth Pharma. Randomized double-blind, comparative study of the safety and efficacy of venlafaxine, imipramine and placebo capsules in outpatients with mild to moderate depression: study 0600A1-346-UK-IT-FR-CSR-39785 [unpublished].
83. Nemeroff CB, Thase ME. A double-blind, placebo-controlled comparison of venlafaxine and fluoxetine treatment in depressed outpatients. J Psychiatr Res 2007;41:351-359.
84. Wyeth Pharma. Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of venlafaxine and fluoxetine in outpatients with major depression: study GMA-014-CSR [unpublished].
85. Rudolph RL, Feiger AD. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of once-daily venlafaxine extended release (XR) and fluoxetine for the treatment of depression. J Affect Disord 1999;56:171-181.
86. Wyeth Pharma. A double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled, trial of once-daily venlafaxine ER and fluoxetine for the treatment of depression: study 0600A1-211-US-GMR-33319 [unpublished].
87. Silverstone PH, Ravindran A. Once-daily venlafaxine extended release (XR) compared with fluoxetine in outpatients with depression and anxiety. J Clin Psychiatry 1999;60:22-28.
88. Wyeth Pharma. A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy and safety of venlafaxine extended release versus fluoxetine in depressed outpatients with concomitant anxiety: study 0600B1-360-CA-GMR-30410 [unpublished].
89. GlaxoSmithKline. A multi-centre, randomised, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo- and active-controlled, flexible dose study evaluating the efficacy, safety and tolerability of extended-release bupropion hydrochloride (150mg - 300mg once daily), extended-release venlafaxine hydrochloride (75mg - 150mg once daily) and placebo in subjects with major depressive disorder: study AK130939. [updated 06 Feb 2006; cited 22 Jan 2008]; Available from.
90. GlaxoSmithKline. A multi-centre, randomised, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo- and active-controlled, flexible dose study evaluating the efficacy, safety and tolerability of extended-release bupropion hydrochloride (150mg - 300mg once daily), extended-release venlafaxine hydrochloride (75mg - 150mg once daily) and placebo in subjects with major depressive disorder: study AK130939 [unpublished] 2005.
91. GlaxoSmithKline. A multi-centre, randomised, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo- and active-controlled, flexible dose study evaluating the efficacy, safety and tolerability of extended-release bupropion hydrochloride (150mg - 300mg once daily), extended-release venlafaxine hydrochloride (75mg - 150mg once daily) and placebo in subjects with major depressive disorder: study WXL101497. [updated 06 Feb 2006; cited 22 Jan 2008]; Available from.
92. GlaxoSmithKline. A multi-centre, randomised, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo- and active-controlled, flexible dose study evaluating the efficacy, safety and tolerability of extended-release bupropion hydrochloride (150mg - 300mg once daily), extended-release venlafaxine hydrochloride (75mg - 150mg once daily) and placebo in subjects with major depressive disorder: study WXL101497 [unpublished]. 2005.
93. Wyeth Pharma. A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled, fixed-dose study of efficacy and safety of venlafaxine extended release and paroxetine in depressed outpatients: study 0600B-367-EU GMR-25782 [unpublished].
94. Wyeth Pharma. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, comparative study of venlafaxine and fluoxetine in depressed outpatients to measure onset of clinical activity: study 0600A1-372-US-GMR-32822 [unpublished].
95. Wyeth Pharma. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, comparative efficacy study of venlafaxine and sertraline in producing remission in outpatients with major depressive disorder: study 0600C1-402-US-CA-CSR-48579 [unpublished].
96. Wyeth Pharma. Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of venlafaxine and fluoxetine in patients with major depression and melancholia: study GMA-016-CSR [unpublished].
97. De Vasconcelos Cunha UG, Lopes Rocha F, Avila De Melo R et al. A placebo-controlled double-blind randomized study of venlafaxine in the treatment of depression in dementia. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2007;24:36-41.
98. Schatzberg AF, Roose S. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of venlafaxine and fluoxetine in geriatric outpatients with major depression. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2006;14:361-370.
99. Wyeth Pharma. Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of venlafaxine and fluoxetine in geriatric outpatients with major depression: study GMA-015-CSR; final report [unpublished].
100. Alves C, Cachola I, Brandao J. Efficacy and tolerability of venlafaxine and fluoxetine in outpatients with major depression. Prim Care Psychiatry 1999;5:57-63.
101. Benkert O, Grunder G, Wetzel H, Hackett D. A randomized, double-blind comparison of a rapidly escalating dose of venlafaxine and imipramine in inpatients with major depression and melancholia. J Psychiatr Res 1996;30:441-451.
102. Wyeth Pharma. Randomized double-blind, comparative study of rapidly escalating doses of venlafaxine and imipramine in inpatients with major depression and melancholia: study 0600A-338-GE-CSR-44017 [unpublished].
103. Bielski RJ, Ventura D, Chang CC. A double-blind comparison of escitalopram and venlafaxine extended release in the treatment of major depressive disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 2004;65:1190-1196.
104. Clerc GE, Ruimy P, Verdeau-Pailles J. A double-blind comparison of venlafaxine and fluoxetine in patients hospitalized for major depression and melancholia. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 1994;9:139-143.
105. Wyeth Pharma. A randomized, double-blind, parallel group comparison of venlafaxine and fluoxetine in inpatients with major depression and melancholia: study 0600A-340-FR-GMR-21339 [unpublished].
106. Costa E Silva J. Randomized, double-blind comparison of venlafaxine and fluoxetine in outpatients with major depression. J Clin Psychiatry 1998;59:352-357.
107. Dierick M, Ravizza L, Realini R, Martin A. A double-blind comparison of venlafaxine and fluoxetine for treatment of major depression in outpatients. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 1996;20:57-71.
108. Wyeth Pharma. A randomized, double-blind comparison of the efficacy and safety of venlafaxine versus fluoxetine in depressed outpatients: study 600A1-348-FR-GMR-23765 [unpublished].
109. Gentil V, Benedictis E, Kerr-Correa F et al. Double-blind comparison of venlafaxine and amitriptyline in outpatients with major depression with or without melancholia. J Psychopharmacol (Oxf) 2000;14:61-66.
110. Keller MB, Trivedi MH, Thase ME et al. The Prevention of Recurrent Episodes of Depression with Venlafaxine for Two Years (PREVENT) Study: outcomes from the acute and continuation phases. Biol Psychiatry 2007;62:1371-1379.
111. Kornstein SG. Beyond remission: rationale and design of the Prevention of Recurrent Episodes of Depression with Venlafaxine for Two Years (PREVENT) Study. CNS Spectr 2006;11:28-34.
112. Wyeth Pharma. A acute and continuation phase study of the comparative efficacy of venlafaxine ER (Effexor XR) and fluoxetine (PROZAC) in achieving and sustaining remission (wellness) in patients with recurrent unipolar major depression; followed by long term randomized, placebo-controlled maintenance treatment study in patients treated initially with venlafaxine ER: study 0600B-100469-GMA-CSR-64337 [unpublished].
113. Mcpartlin GM, Reynolds A, Anderson C, Casoy J. A comparison of once-daily venlafaxine XR and paroxetine in depressed outpatients treated in general practice. Prim Care Psychiatry 1998;4:127-132.
114. Mehtonen OP, Sogaard J, Roponen P, Behnke K. Randomized, double-blind comparison of venlafaxine and sertraline in outpatients with major depressive disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 2000;61:95-100.
115. Wyeth Pharma. Randomized double-blind comparison of the safety and efficacy of venlafaxine versus sertraline in the treatment of inpatients and outpatients with major depression: study 600A-631-DE-FI [unpublished].
116. Montgomery SA, Huusom AKT, Bothmer J. A randomised study comparing escitalopram with venlafaxine XR in primary care patients with major depressive disorder. Neuropsychobiology 2004;50:57-64.
117. Samuelian JC, Hackett D. A randomized, double-blind, parallel-group comparison of venlafaxine and clomipramine in outpatients with major depression. J Psychopharmacol (Oxf) 1998;12:273-278.
118. Wyeth Pharma. A randomized, double-blind, parallel group comparison of venlafaxine and clomipramine capsules in outpatients with major depression: study 0600A-315-GMR-18104 [unpublished].
119. Sauer H, Huppertz-Helmhold S, Dierkes W. Efficacy and safety of venlafaxine ER vs. amitriptyline ER in patients with major depression of moderate severity. Pharmacopsychiatry 2003;36:169-175.
120. Wyeth Pharma. Doppelblinde, randomisierte Phase-III Studie zum Vergleich der Wirksamkeit und Verträglichkeit von Venlafaxin ER versus Amitriptylin ER bei Patienten mit einer Depression mittleren Schwe-regrades: study 0600B-100439-10-95-Venla-GE-1 [unpublished].
121. Shelton RC, Haman KL, Rapaport MH et al. A randomized, double-blind, active-control study of sertraline versus venlafaxine XR in major depressive disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 2006;67:1674-1681.
122. Sir A, D'souza RF, Uguz S et al. Randomized trial of sertraline versus venlafaxine XR in major depression: efficacy and discontinuation symptoms. J Clin Psychiatry 2005;66:1312-1320.
123. PFIZER. A multicenter randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study of sertraline versus venlafaxine XR in the acute treatment of outpatients with major depressive disorder: protocol A0501066. [updated 15 May 2005; cited 22 Jan 2008]; Available from.
124. Tylee A, Beaumont G, Bowden MW, Reynolds A. A double-blind, randomized, 12-week comparison study of the safety and efficacy of venlafaxine and fluoxetine in moderate to severe major depression in general practice. Prim Care Psychiatry 1997;3:51-58.
125. Tzanakaki M, Guazzelli M, Nimatoudis I, Zissis NP, Smeraldi E, Rizzo F. Increased remission rates with venlafaxine compared with fluoxetine in hospitalized patients with major depression and melancholia. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2000;15:29-34.
126. Zhang JD, Feng RM, Ma C. A double blind comparison of venlafaxine and amitriptyline in treatment of depression. Guangzhou Med J 2000;31:8-9.
127. Wyeth Pharma. A randomized, double-blind, parallel group comparison of venlafaxine and maprotiline capsules in outpatients with major depression: study 0600A-321-GMR-18105 [unpublished].
128. Wyeth Pharma. A randomized double-blind parallel group comparison capsules in outpatients with major depression: study 0600A-326-GMR-20004 [unpublished].
129. Wyeth Pharma. A randomized double-blind comparison of venlafaxine and fluoxetine in outpatients with major depression: study 600A-332-US-GMR-21989 [unpublished].
130. Wyeth Pharma. A double-blind, randomization study of the safety and efficacy of two regimes of venlafaxine compared with the regimen of fluvoxamine: study 0600A1-347-FR-NE-CSR-40558 [unpublished].
131. Wyeth Pharma. A double-blind, randomized 8-week, comparative study of the safety and efficacy of venlafaxine and paroxetine: study 0600A1-349-NE-UK-CSR-40241 [unpublished].
132. Wyeth Pharma. A randomized double-blind comparision of venlafaxine XR and paroxetine in outpatients with moderate to severe major depression: study 0600-428-IT-SDC-3993 [unpublished].
133. Wyeth Pharma. A double-blind, randomized 12-week study of the safety and efficacy of oral venlafaxine up to 75mg bid compared with oral fluoxetine up to 20mg bid in patients with moderate and severe major depression: study 600A-654-AU [unpublished].
134. Wyeth Pharma. A double-blind, randomized 8-week study of the safety and efficacy of venlafaxine extended release (ER) compared to fluoxetine in patients with moderate to severe depression: study TAI-VENXR002-SDC-TRIAL-4156 [unpublished].
135. Corya SA, Williamson D, Sanger TM, Briggs SD, Case M, Tollefson G. A randomized, double-blind comparison of olanzapine/fluoxetine combination, olanzapine, fluoxetine, and venlafaxine in treatment-resistant depression. Depress Anxiety 2006;23:364-372.
136. Eli Lilly and Company. Olanzapine plus fluoxetine combination therapy in treatment-resistant depression: a dose ranging study; study F1D-MC-HGIE; clinical study summary 3641. [updated 21 Jun 2006; cited 22 Jan 2008]; Available from.
137. Eli Lilly. Olanzapine plus fluoxetine combination therapy in treatment-resistant depression: a dose ranging study: study F1D-MC-HGIE [unpublished]. 2002.
138. Wyeth Pharma. A double-blind, double-dummy, randomized study of the efficacy and safety of venlafaxine extended release (ER) compared to citalopram in depressed patients unresponsive to treatment with SSRI's: study 0600B-671-UK [unpublished].
139. Kok RM, Nolen WA, Heeren TJ. Venlafaxine versus nortriptyline in the treatment of elderly depressed inpatients: a randomised, double-blind, controlled trial. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2007;22:1247-1254.
140. Mahapatra SN, Hackett D. A randomised, double-blind, parallel-group comparison of venlafaxine and dothiepin in geriatric patients with major depression. Int J Clin Pract 1997;51:209-213.
141. Wyeth Pharma. A double-blind, parallel-group of venlafaxine and dothiepin capsules in geratric patients with major depression: study 0600A-316-EU-GMR-20003 [unpublished].
142. Smeraldi E, Rizzo F, Crespi G. Double-blind, randomized study of venlafaxine, clomipramine and trazodone in geriatric patients with major depression. Prim Care Psychiatry 1998;4:189-195.
143. Eli Lilly and Company. Duloxetine versus venlafaxine extended release in the treatment of major depressive disorder: study F1J-MC-HMBU; clinical study summary. [updated 27 Feb 2008; cited 20 Jun 2008]; Available from.
144. Eli Lilly. Duloxetine versus venlafaxine extended release in the treatment of major depressive disorder: study F1J-MC-HMBU [unpublished]. 2004.
145. Eli Lilly and Company. Duloxetine versus venlafaxine extended release in the treatment of major depressive disorder: study F1J-MC-HMCQ; clinical study summary. [updated 14 Mar 2008; cited 20 Jun 2008]; Available from.
146. ELI LILLY. Duloxetine versus venlafaxine extended release in the treatment of major depressive disorder: study F1J-MC-HMCQ [unpublished]. 2004.
147. Mallinckrodt CH, Prakash A, Andorn AC, Watkin JG, Wohlreich MM. Duloxetine for the treatment of major depressive disorder: a closer look at efficacy and safety data across the approved dose range. J Psychiatr Res 2006;40:337-348.
148. Thase ME, Entsuah AR, Rudolph RL. Remission rates during treatment with venlafaxine or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Br J Psychiatry 2001;178:234-241.
149. Stahl SM, Entsuah R, Rudolph RL. Comparative efficacy between venlafaxine and SSRIs: a pooled analysis of patients with depression. Biol Psychiatry 2002;52:1166-1174.
150. Smith D, Dempster C, Glanville J, Freemantle N, Anderson I. Efficacy and tolerability of venlafaxine compared with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and other antidepressants: a meta-analysis. Br J Psychiatry 2002;180:396-404.
151. Weinmann S, Becker T, Koesters M. Re-evaluation of the efficacy and tolerability of venlafaxine vs SSRI: meta-analysis. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2008;196:511-520.
152. Van Den Broek WW, Mulder PG, Van Os E, Birkenhäger TK, Pluijms E, Bruijn JA. Efficacy of venlafaxine compared with tricyclic antidepressants in depressive disorder: a meta-analysis. J Psychopharmacol 2009;23:708-713.
153. Perahia DGS, Pritchett YL, Kajdasz DK et al. A randomized, double-blind comparison of duloxetine and venlafaxine in the treatment of patients with major depressive disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2008;42:22-34.
154. Eckert L, Lancon C. Duloxetine compared with fluoxetine and venlafaxine: use of meta-regression analysis for indirect comparisons. BMC Psychiatry 2006;6:30. Available from.
155. Koesters M, Becker T, Weinmann S. Regarding "Comprehensive Analysis of Remission (COMPARE) with venlafaxine versus SSRIs". Biol Psychiatry 2009;66:e7.
156. Dickersin K, Chan S, Chalmers TC, Sacks HS, Smith H Jr. Publication bias and clinical trials. Control Clin Trials 1987;8:343-353.
157. Dwan K, Altman DG, Arnaiz JA et al. Systematic review of the empirical evidence of study publication bias and outcome reporting bias. PLoS ONE 2008;3:e3081. Available from
158. Lee K, Bacchetti P, Sim I. Publication of clinical trials supporting successful new drug applications: a literature analysis. PLoS Med 2008;5:e191.Available from
159. Rising K, Bacchetti P, Bero L. Reporting bias in drug trials submitted to the Food and Drug Administration: review of publication and presentation. PLoS Med 2008;5:e217. Available from
160. Easterbrook PJ, Berlin JA, Gopalan R, Matthews DR. Publication bias in clinical research. Lancet 1991;337:867-872.
161. Von Elm E, Rollin A, Blumle A, Huwiler K, Witschi M, Egger M. Publication and non-publication of clinical trials: longitudinal study of applications submitted to a research ethics committee. Swiss Med Wkly 2008;138:197-203.
162. Whittington CJ, Kendall T, Fonagy P, Cottrell D, Cotgrove A, Boddington E. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in childhood depression: systematic review of published versus unpublished data. Lancet 2004;363:1341-1345.
163. Office of New York State Attorney General. Major pharmaceutical firm concealed drug information: GlaxoSmithKline misled doctors about the safety of drug used to treat depression in children. [updated 02 Jun 2004; cited 06 Feb 2009]; Available from.
164. Melander H, Ahlqvist-Rastad J, Meijer G, Beermann B. Evidence b(i)ased medicine: selective reporting from studies sponsored by pharmaceutical industry; review of studies in new drug applications. BMJ 2003;326:1171-1173.
165. Montgomery SA, Henry J, Mcdonald G et al. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: meta-analysis of discontinuation rates. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 1994;9:47-53.
166. Zimmerman M, Mattia JI, Posternak MA. Are subjects in pharmacological treatment trials of depression representative of patients in routine clinical practice? Am J Psychiatry 2002;159:469-473.
167. Edwards JG, Anderson I. Systematic review and guide to selection of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Drugs 1999;57:507-533.
168. Kennedy SH, Andersen HF, Lam RW. Efficacy of escitalopram in the treatment of major depressive disorder compared with conventional selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and venlafaxine XR: a meta-analysis. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2006;31:122-131.
169. Taylor D. Antidepressant drugs and cardiovascular pathology: a clinical overview of effectiveness and safety. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2008;118:434-442.
170. Spielmans GI. Duloxetine does not relieve painful physical symptoms in depression: a meta-analysis. Psychother Psychosom 2008;77:12-16.
171. Papakostas GI, Fava M. A meta-analysis of clinical trials comparing milnacipran, a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor for the treatment of major depressive disorder. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2007;17:32-36.
172. National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health. Management of depression in primary and secondary care: national clinical practice guideline 23. [updated 15 Dec 2004; cited 23 Dec 2007]; Available from.
173. Bschor T, Baethge C. No evidence for switching the antidepressant: systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs of a common therapeutic strategy. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2010;121:174-179.
174. Thase ME. Effects of venlafaxine on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of original data from 3744 depressed patients. J Clin Psychiatry 1998;59:502-508.
175. Buckley NA, Mcmanus PR. Fatal toxicity of serotoninergic and other antidepressant drugs: analysis of United Kingdom mortality data. BMJ 2002;325:1332-1333.
176. Tiihonen J, Lönnqvist J, Wahlbeck K, Klaukka T, Tanskanen A, Haukka J. Antidepressants and the risk of suicide, attempted suicide, and overall mortality in a nationwide cohort. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2006;63:1358-1367.
177. Cipriani A, Geddes JR, Barbui C. Venlafaxine for major depression. BMJ 2007;334:215-216.
178. Tunis SR, Stryer DB, Clancy CM. Practical clinical trials: increasing the value of clinical research for decision making in clinical and health policy. JAMA 2003;290:1624-1632.
179. Fransen GA, Van Marrewijk CJ, Mujakovic S et al. Pragmatic trials in primary care: methodological challenges and solutions demonstrated by the DIAMOND-study. BMC Med Res Methodol 2007;7:16. Available from.