The Sydney Memory and Ageing Study (MAS): Methodology and baseline medical and neuropsychiatric characteristics of an elderly epidemiological non-demented cohort of Australians aged 70-90 years

International Psychogeriatrics

Volumn 22, Issue 8, 2010, Pages 1248-1264

  Sachdev, Perminder S ^a,b,c   Brodaty, Henry ^a,b,c   Reppermund, Simone ^a   Kochan, Nicole A ^a,b   Trollor, Julian N ^a,d   Draper, Brian ^a,b,c   Slavin, Melissa J ^a   Crawford, John ^a   Kang, Kristan ^a   Broe, G Anthony ^b,c,e   Mather, Karen A ^a,b   Lux, Ora ^a,b  

^a Primary Dementia Collaborative Research Centre   (Australia)

^b PRINCE OF WALES HOSPITAL   (Australia)

^c UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES   (Australia)

^d Faculty of Medicine   (Australia)

^e NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH AUSTRALIA   (Australia)

Author keywords

Anxiety; Balance; Cognitive decline; Cognitive function; Dementia; Depression; Falls; FMRI; Genetics; Inflammatory markers; Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); Metabolic syndrome; Mild cognitive impairment; Proteomics

Indexed keywords

APOLIPOPROTEIN E;

AGED; AGING; ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION; AMNESIA; ANXIETY; ARTICLE; ATTENTION; AUSTRALIA; BLOOD SAMPLING; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; COGNITION; COGNITIVE DEFECT; COHORT ANALYSIS; DAILY LIFE ACTIVITY; DEPRESSION; DEPTH PERCEPTION; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; FEMALE; FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; FUNCTIONAL STATUS; GENOMICS; GENOTYPE; GROUPS BY AGE; HEARING DISORDER; HUMAN; INTELLIGENCE; INTERVIEW; LANGUAGE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MEDICAL ASSESSMENT; MEMORY; MENTAL DISEASE; METHODOLOGY; MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT; MOTOR PERFORMANCE; NEUROLOGIC DISEASE; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST; PREVALENCE; PROTEOMICS; QUESTIONNAIRE; VISUAL DISORDER; FOLLOW UP; LONGITUDINAL STUDY; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PATHOLOGY; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; RISK FACTOR;

AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; AGING; AMNESIA; ANXIETY; AUSTRALIA; COGNITION DISORDERS; DEPRESSION; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HUMANS; LONGITUDINAL STUDIES; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; MALE; MEMORY; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; PREVALENCE; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; RISK FACTORS;

EID: 79952199669     PISSN: 10416102     EISSN: 1741203X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S1041610210001067     Document Type: Article

References (83)

1. ABS (1998). Mental Health and Wellbeing: Profile of Adults, Australia, 1997. Canberra: Australian Bureau of Statistics.
2. ABS (1999). Older People, Australia: A Social Report. Cat. No. 4109.0. Canberra: Australian Bureau of Statistics.
3. ABS (2003). Ageing in Australia: Census of Population and Housing 2001. Canberra: Australian Bureau of Statistics.
4. ABS (2006). Census of Population and Housing. Cat. No. 2914.0. Canberra: Australian Bureau of Statistics.
5. Access Economics (2006). Dementia in the Asia Pacific Region: The Epidemic is Here. Canberra: Alzheimer's Australia.
6. AIHW (2008). Australia's Health 2008. Canberra: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Available at www.aihw. gov.au/publications/index.cfm/title/ 10585.
7. Anderson, T. M., Sachdev, P. S., Brodaty, H., Trollor, J. N. and Andrews, G. (2007). Effects of sociodemographic and health variables on Mini-mental State Exam scores in older Australians. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 15, 467-476.
8. Bennett, D. A. et al. (2002). Natural history of mild cognitive impairment in older persons. Neurology, 59, 198-205. (Pubitemid 34779177)
9. Benton, A. L. (1967). Problems of test construction in the field of aphasia. Cortex, 3, 32-58.
10. Benton, A. L., Sivan, A. B. and Spreen, O. (1966). Der Benton Test (7th edn). Bern: Huber.
11. Blossom, C. et al. (2007). Early cognitive change in the general population: how do different definitions work? Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 55, 1534-1540.
12. Brandt, J., Spencer, M. and Folstein, M. (1988). The telephone interview for cognitive status. Neuropsychiatry, Neuropsychology, and Behavioral Neurology, 1, 111-117. (Pubitemid 20164001)
13. Briganti, E. M. et al. (2003). Untreated hypertension among Australian adults: the 1999-2000 Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study (AusDiab). Medical Journal of Australia, 179, 135-139. (Pubitemid 37025189)
14. Costa, P. T. and McCrae, R. R. (1992). NEO PI-R Professional Manual. Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R) and NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). Odessa: Psychological Assessment Resources Inc.
15. Crawford, J. R., Stewart, L. E., Cochrane, R. H. B., Foulds, J. A., Besson, J. A. O. and Parker, D. M. (1989). Estimating premorbid IQ from demographic variables: regression equations derived from a U.K. sample. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 28, 275-278. (Pubitemid 19229161)
16. Crook, T. H., Feher, E. P. and Larrabee, G. J. (1992). Assessment of memory complaint in age-associated memory impairment: the MAC-Q. International Psychogeriatrics, 4, 165-175.
17. Cummings, J. L., Mega, M., Gray, K., Rosenberg-Thompson, S., Carusi, D. A. and Gornbein, J. (1994). The Neuropsychiatric Inventory: comprehensive assessment of psychopathology in dementia. Neurology, 44, 2308-2314. (Pubitemid 24382728)
18. de Jager, C. A., Budge, M. M. and Clarke, R. (2003). Utility of TICS-M for the assessment of cognitive function in older adults. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 18, 318-324. (Pubitemid 36503043)
19. Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J. and Griffin, S. (1985). The Satisfaction With Life Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 71-75. (Pubitemid 15080385)
20. Doty, R. L., Marcus, A. and Lee, W. W. (1996). Development of the 12-item cross-cultural Smell Identification Test™. Laryngoscope, 106, 353-356.
21. Ellis, K. A. et al. (2009). The Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle (AIB) study of aging: methodology and baseline characteristics of 1112 individuals recruited for a longitudinal study of Alzheimer's disease. International Psychogeriatrics, 21, 672-687.
22. Epping-Jordan, J. E. and Üstün, T. B. (2000). The WHODAS II: leveling the playing field for all disorders. WHO Mental Health Bulletin, 6, 5-6.
23. Farrer, L. A. et al. (1997). Effects of age, sex, and ethnicity on the association between apolipoprotein E genotype and Alzheimer disease: a meta-analysis. APOE and Alzheimer Disease Meta Analysis Consortium. JAMA, 278, 1349-1356. (Pubitemid 27449696)
24. Fastenau, P. S., Denburg, N. L. and Mauer, B. A. (1998). Parallel short forms for the Boston Naming Test: psychometric properties and norms for older adults. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 20, 828-834. (Pubitemid 29284457)
25. Flicker, C., Ferris, S. H. and Reisberg, B. (1991). Mild cognitive impairment in the elderly: predictors of dementia. Neurology, 41, 1006-1009.
26. Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E. and McHugh, P. R. (1975). "Mini-mental state": a practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 12, 189-198.
27. Goldberg, D., Bridges, K., Duncan-Jones, P. and Grayson, D. (1988). Detecting anxiety and depression in general medical settings. BMJ, 297, 897-899.
28. Graham, J. E. et al. (1997) Prevalence and severity of cognitive impairment with and without dementia in an elderly population. Lancet, 349, 1793-1796. (Pubitemid 27257555)
29. Grundman, M. et al. (2004). Mild cognitive impairment can be distinguished from Alzheimer disease and normal aging for clinical trials. Archives of Neurology, 61, 59-66. (Pubitemid 38067415)
30. Harris, M. E., Ivnik, R. J. and Smith, G. E. (2002). Mayo's Older Americans Normative Studies: expanded AVLT Recognition Trial norms for ages 57 to 98. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 24, 214-220 (Pubitemid 34496870)
31. Henderson, A. S. et al. (1995). Apolipoprotein E allele ε4, dementia, and cognitive decline in a population sample. Lancet, 346, 1387-1390.
32. Hindmarch, I., Lehfeld, H., de Jongh, P. and Erzigkeit, H. (1998). The Bayer Activities of Daily Living Scale (B-ADL). Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 9, 20-26. (Pubitemid 28325622)
33. Hixson, J. E. and Vernier, D. T. (1990). Restriction isotyping of human apolipoprotein E by gene amplification and cleavage with Hha1. Journal of Lipid Research, 31, 545-548. (Pubitemid 20107994)
34. Hodge, A., Patterson, A. J., Brown, W. J., Ireland, P. and Giles, G. (2000). The Anti Cancer Council of Victoria FFQ: relative validity of nutrient intakes compared with weighed food records in young to middle-aged women in a study of iron supplementation. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 24, 576-583. (Pubitemid 32094232)
35. Ivnik, R. J., Malec, J. F., Tangalos, E. G., Petersen, R. C., Kokmen, E. and Kurland, L. T. (1990). The Auditory-Verbal Learning Test (AVLT): norms for ages 55 years and older. Psychological Assessment, 2, 304-312.
36. Ivnik, R. J. et al. (1992a). Mayo's Older Americans Normative Studies: updated AVLT norms for ages 56 to 97. Clinical Neuropsychology, 6, S83-S104.
37. Ivnik, R. J. et al. (1992b). Mayo's Older Americans Normative Studies: WAIS-R norms for ages 56 to 97. Clinical Neuropsychology, 6, S1-S30.
38. Jorm, A. F. (1994). A short form of the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE): development and cross-validation. Psychological Medicine, 24, 145-153. (Pubitemid 24083690)
39. Jorm, A. F. et al. (2004). Memory complaints in a community sample aged 60-64 years: associations with cognitive functioning, psychiatric symptoms, medical conditions, APOE genotype, hippocampus and amygdala volumes, and white matter hyperintensities. Psychological Medicine, 34, 1495-1506. (Pubitemid 39599947)
40. Jorm, A. F., Mather, K. A., Butterworth, P., Anstey, K. J., Christensen, H. and Easteal, S. (2007). APOE genotype and cognitive functioning in a large age-stratified population sample. Neuropsychology, 21, 1-8. (Pubitemid 46066202)
41. Kaplan, E., Goodglass, H. and Weintraub, S. (2001). The Boston Naming Test. Baltimore: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins.
42. Kessler, R. and Mroczek, D. (1994). Final version of our Non-specific Psychological Distress Scale. Unpublished memo. Ann Arbor, MI: Survey Research Center of the Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan.
43. Klove, H. (1963). Clinical neuropsychology. In F. M. Forster (ed.), The Medical Clinics of North America (pp. 1647-1658). New York: Saunders.
44. Kochan, N. A. et al. (2010). Effect of different impairment criteria on prevalence of "objective" mild cognitive impairment in a community sample. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. Epublished ahead of print, doi: 10.1097/JGP.0b013e3181d6b6a9
45. Kumar, R. et al. (2005). Prevalence of Mild Cognitive Impairment in 60- to 64-year-old community-dwelling individuals: the Personality and Total Health Through Life 60+ study. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 19, 67-74. (Pubitemid 40868030)
46. Larrieu, S. et al. (2002). Incidence and outcome of mild cognitive impairment in a population-based prospective cohort. Neurology, 59, 1594-1599. (Pubitemid 35387068)
47. Lawton, M. P. and Brody, E. M. (1969). Assessment of older people: self maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living. Gerontologist, 9, 179-186.
48. Lechevallier-Michel, N., Fabrigoule, C., Lafont, S., Letenneur, L. and Dartigues, J. (2004). Normes pour le MMSE, le test de rétention visuelle de Benton, le set test d'Isaacs (15s. et 60s), le sous-test des codes de la WAIS et le test barrage de Zazzo, enfunction de l'âge, du sese et du niveau d'études, chez des sujets âgés de 70 ans et plus: données de la chorte PAQUID. Revue Neurologique, 160, 1059-1070. (Pubitemid 39564062)
49. Liu, T. et al. (2010). The effects of age and sex on cortical sulci in the elderly. Neuroimage, 51, 19-27.
50. Lopez, O. L. et al. (2003). Prevalence and classification of mild cognitive impairment in the Cardiovascular Health Study Cognition Study: Part 1. Archives of Neurology, 60, 1385-1389. (Pubitemid 37248799)
51. Lord, S. R., Rogers, M. W., Howland, A. and Fitzpatrick, R. (1999). Lateral stability, sensimotor function and falls in older people. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 47, 1077-1081. (Pubitemid 29420613)
52. Lord, S. R., Murray, S. M., Chapman, K., Munro, B. and Tiedemann, A. (2002). Sit-to-stand performance depends on sensation, speed, balance, and psychological status in addition to strength in older people. Journals of Gerontology: Medical Sciences, 57, M539-M543. (Pubitemid 35006100)
53. Mathers, C., Vos, T. and Stevenson, C. (1999). The Burden of Disease and Injury in Australia. Canberra: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare.
54. McLennan, W. (1997). ASCO: Australian Standard Classification of Occupations (2nd edn). Canberra: Australian Bureau of Statistics.
55. Mitchell, T., Woodward, M. and Hirose, Y. (2008). A survey of attitudes of clinicians towards the diagnosis and treatment of mild cognitive impairment in Australia and New Zealand. International Psychogeriatrics, 20, 77-85. (Pubitemid 350256059)
56. Morris, J. C. (1993). The Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR): current version and scoring rules. Neurology, 43, 2412-2414. (Pubitemid 23346995)
57. Nelson, H. E. and Willison, J. (1991). National Adult Reading Test (NART): Test Manual (2nd edn). Windsor: NFER Nelson.
58. Petersen, R. C. (2004). Mild cognitive impairment as a diagnostic entity. Journal of Internal Medicine, 256, 183-194. (Pubitemid 39222988)
59. Petersen, R. C. et al. (2001). Current concepts in mild cognitive impairment. Archives of Neurology, 58, 1985-1002.
60. Petersen, R. C. et al. (2009) Mild cognitive impairment: ten years later. Archives of Neurology, 66, 1447-1455.
61. Posiadlo, D. and Richardson, S. (1991). The timed "up and go": a test of basic functional mobility for frail elderly persons. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 39, 142-148.
62. Reitan, R. M. and Wolfson, D. (1993). The Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery: Theory and Clinical Interpretation (2nd edn). Tucson, AZ: Neuropsychology Press.
63. Rey, A. (1964). L'Examen Clinique en Psychologie. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
64. Richardson, J., Day, N., Peacock, S. and Iezzi, A. (2004). Measurement of the quality of life for economic evaluation and the Assessment of Quality of Life (AQoL) Mark 2 instrument. Australian Economic Review, 37, 62-88. (Pubitemid 38536560)
65. Ritchie, K. and Lovestone, S. (2002). The dementias. Lancet, 360, 1759-1766. (Pubitemid 35447916)
66. Ritchie, K. and Touchon, J. (2000). Mild cognitive impairment: conceptual basis and current nosological status. Lancet, 355, 225-228. (Pubitemid 30068229)
67. Ritchie, K., Artero, S. and Touchon, J. (2001). Classification criteria for mild cognitive impairment: a population-based validation study. Neurology, 56, 37-42. (Pubitemid 32059649)
68. Roberts, R. O. et al. (2008). The Mayo Clinic Study of Aging: design and sampling, participation, baseline measures and sample characteristics. Neuroepidemiology, 30, 58-68.
69. Slavin, M. J. et al. (2010). Prevalence and predictors of subjective cognitive complaints in the Sydney Memory and Ageing Study. Americal Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. Epublished ahead of print, doi: 10.1097/JGP. 0b013e3181df49fb
70. Spreen, O. and Benton, A. L. (1969). Neurosensory Centre Comprehensive Examination for Aphasia Manual (NCCEA). Victoria: University of Victoria.
71. Tombaugh, T. N. (2004). Trail making test A and B: Normative data stratified by age and education. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 19, 203-214. (Pubitemid 38316871)
72. Tombaugh, T. N., Kozak, J. and Rees, L. (1999). Normative data stratified by age and education for two measures of verbal fluency: FAS and animal naming. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 14, 167-177. (Pubitemid 29108542)
73. Trollor, J., Anderson, T., Sachdev, P., Brodaty, H. and Andrews, G. (2007). Prevalence of mental disorders in the elderly: the Australian National Mental and Well-being Survey. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 15, 455-466.
74. Unverzagt, F. W. et al. (2001). Prevalence of cognitive impairment: data from the Indianapolis Study of Health and Aging. Neurology, 57, 1655-1662. (Pubitemid 33055485)
75. Waite, L. M., Broe, G. A., Garyson, D. A. and Creasey, H. (2001). Preclinical syndromes predict dementia: the Sydney older persons study. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 71, 296-302. (Pubitemid 32772524)
76. Watson, D., Clark, L. A. and Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS Scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 1063-1070.
77. Wechsler, D. (1981). WAIS-R Manual. Ner York: The Psychological Corporation.
78. Wechsler, D. (1997a). Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III. San Antonio: The Psychological Corporation.
79. Wechsler, D. (1997b). Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-3rd Edition (WAIS-3®). San Antonio: Harcourt Assessment.
80. Winblad, B. et al. (2004). Mild cognitive impairment - beyond controversies, towards a consensus: report of the International Working Group on Mild Cognitive Impairment. Journal of Internal Medicine, 256, 240-246. (Pubitemid 39222993)
81. Wen, W. and Sachdev, P. S. (2004). Extent and distribution of white matter hyperintensities in stroke patients: the Sydney Stroke Study. Stroke, 35, 2813-2819. (Pubitemid 39565176)
82. Wen, W, Sachdev, P. S., Li, J. J., Chen, X. and Anstey, K. J. (2009). White matter hyperintensities in the forties: their prevalence and topography in an epidemiological sample aged 44-48. Human Brain Mapping, 30, 1155-1167.
83. Yesavage, J. A. et al. (1983). Development and validation of a geriatric depression rating scale: a preliminary report. Journal of Psychatric Research, 17, 37-49.