Multidrug and extensively drug-resistant TB (M/XDR-Tb): Problems and solutions

Indian Journal of Tuberculosis

Volumn 57, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 180-191

  Prasad, Rajendra ^a  

^a KING GEORGE'S MEDICAL UNIVERSITY   (India)

Author keywords

Extensively drug resistant tuberculosis; Multi drug resistant tuberculosis; Tuberculosis

Indexed keywords

AMINOGLYCOSIDE ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; AMINOSALICYLIC ACID; CAPREOMYCIN; QUINOLINE DERIVED ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; THIOAMIDE; TUBERCULOSTATIC AGENT;

ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY; ARTICLE; BACTERIAL TRANSMISSION; DISEASE SURVEILLANCE; EXTENSIVELY DRUG RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; INDIA; INFECTION CONTROL; INFECTION PREVENTION; MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE; MULTIDRUG RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS; MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS; PREVALENCE; RISK FACTOR; WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION; DIRECTLY OBSERVED THERAPY; DISEASE MANAGEMENT; HEALTH; HEALTH SURVEY; REVIEW; TUBERCULOSIS;

DIRECTLY OBSERVED THERAPY; DISEASE MANAGEMENT; EXTENSIVELY DRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS; HUMANS; INDIA; POPULATION SURVEILLANCE; PREVALENCE; RISK FACTORS; TUBERCULOSIS; TUBERCULOSIS, MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT; WORLD HEALTH; WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION;

EID: 79952113524     PISSN: 00195707     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. Multidrug resistant tuberculosis. ICMR: 1999; 29 (10 and 11): 105-14.
2. Cohn DL, Bustreo F, Raviglione MC. Drug resistant tuberculosis. Review of the world-wide situation and the WHO/IUATLD Global Surveillance Project. International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. Clin Infect Dis 1997; 24 (Suppl 1): S121-S130.
3. Pablos-Mendez A, Biokin N, Rieder HL, Bustreo F, Cohn DL, Lambregts van Weezenbeek, CS, Kim SJ, Chaulet P, Nunn P. Global surveillance for antituberculosis drug resistance, 1994-1997. World Health Organization-International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Working Group on Anti-Tuberculosis Drug Resistance Surveillance. N Engl J Med 1998; 338:1641-49.
4. Espinal MA, Laszlo A, Simonsen L et al. Global trends in resistance to anti-tuberculosis drugs. N Engl J Med 2001; 344:1294-303.
5. Dye C, Espinal MA, Watt CJ, Mbiaga C, Williams BG. Worldwide incidence of multidrug resistant tuberculosis. J Infect Dis 2002; 185:1197-1202.
6. World Health Organization. Anti- tuberculosis drug resistance in the world: prevalence and trends. Report No. 2. WH0/CDS/TB/2000.278. Geneva: WHO, 2000.
7. Dye C, William BG, Espinal MA, Raviglione MC. Erasing the world's slow strain: Strategies to beat multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Science 2002; 295:2042-46.
8. National Tuberculosis Programme. Tuberculosis in Latvia 1991-2000. Riga 2001; 21-23.
9. Robert J, Trystram D, Pernot-Truffot C, Carbonelle B. Surveillance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug resistance in France, 1995-1997. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2000; 4:665-72.
10. Centers for Disease Control. Reported tuberculosis in the United States 2000. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC, August 2001.
11. WHO IUALTD Global Project on Anti-Tuberculosis Drug Resistance Surveillance (1999-2002), Third Global Report (2003).
12. Zignol M, Hosseini MS, Wright A, Weezenbeek CL, Nunn P, Watt CJ, et al. Global incidence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. J Infect Dis 2006; 194: 479-85.
13. WHO IUALTD Global Project on Anti-Tuberculosis Drug Resistance Surveillance (2002-2007), Fourth Global Report (2008).
14. Multidrug and extensively drug-resistant TB (M/XDR-TB) 2010 Global report on surveillance and response.
15. Sarita Shah N, Abigail Wright, Gill-Han Bai, Lucia Barrera, Fadila Boulahbal, Nuria Martin-Casabona et al. Worldwide Emergence of Extensively Drug-resistant Tuberculosis. Emerg Infect Dis 2007; 13: 380-87.
16. Kam KM, Yip CW. Surveillance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis susceptibility to second-line drugs in Hong Kong, 1995-2002, after the implementation of DOTS-Plus. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2004; 8: 760-66.
17. Pardini M, lona E, Varaine F, Karakozian H, Arzumanian H, Brunori L, et al. Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug resistance: Abkhazia [letter]. Emerg Infect Dis 2005; 11: 501-03.
18. Gandhi NR, Moll A, Sturm AW, Pawinski R, Govender T, Lalloo U, et al. Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis as a cause of death among patients co-infected with tuberculosis and HIV in a rural area in South Africa. Lancet 2006; 368: 1575-80
19. Masjedi MR, Farnia P, Sorooch S, Pooramiri MV, Mansoori SD, Zarifi AZ, et al. Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis: Two years of surveillance in Iran. Clin Infect Dis 2006; 43: 841-47.
20. Carole D, Mitnick C, et al Comprehensive treatment of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis N Eng l J Med 2008; 359: 563-74
21. Van Deun A, etal. Evaluation of tuberculosis control by periodic or routine susceptibility testing in previously treated cases. Int J Tuberc.Lung Dis 2001; 5: 329-38.
22. ICMR, Prevalence of drug resistance in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis presenting for the first time with symptoms at chest clinics in India. I. Findings in urban clinics among patients giving no history of previous chemotherapy. Indian J Med Res 1968; 56: 1617-30.
23. ICMR, Prevalence of drug resistance in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis presenting for the first time with symptoms at chest clinics in India H. Findings in urban clinics among all patients, with or without history of previous chemotherapy. Indian J Med Res 1969; 57: 823-35.
24. Trivedi SS, Desai SC. Primary antituberculosis drug resistance and acquired rifampicin resistance in Gujarat, India. Tubercle 1988; 69: 37-42.
25. Krishnaswamy KV, Rahim MA. Primary drug resistance in pulmonary tuberculosis. Indian J Chest Dis 1976; 28: 233-37.
26. Chandrasekaran S, Chauhan MM, Rajalaksmi R, Chaudhuri K, Mahadev B. Initial drug resistance to anti-tuberculosis drugs in patients attending an urban district tuberculosis centre. Indian J Tuberc 1990; 37: 215-6.
27. Chandrasekaran S, Jagota P, Chaudhuri K. Initial drug resistance to antituberculosis drugs in urban and rural district tuberculosis programme. Indian J Tuberc 1992; 39:171-75.
28. Paramasivan CN, Chandrasekaran V, Santha T, Sudarsanam NM, Prabhakar R. Bacteriological investigations for short course chemotherapy under the tuberculosis programme in two districts in India. Tuber Lung Dis 1993; 74: 23-7.
29. Gupta PR, Singhal B, Sharma TN, Gupta RB. Prevalence of initial drug resistance in tuberculosis patients attending a chest hospital. Ind J Med Res 1993; 97:102-03.
30. Jain NK, Chopra KK, Prasad G. Initial and acquired isoniazid and rifampicin resistance to M. tuberculosis and its implications for treatment. Indian J Tuberc 1992; 39:121-24.
31. Jena J, Panda BN, Nema SK, Ohri VC, Pahwa RS. Drug resistance pattern of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a chest disease hospital of armed forces. Lung India 1995; 13: 56-9.
32. Parmasivan C.N., Bhaskaran K, Venkataraman, Chandrasekhran V, Narayanan PR. Survilence of drug resistance in tuberculosis in the state of Tamil Nadu. Indian J Tuberc 2000; 47: 27-33.
33. Prasad R, Suryakant, Mukerji PK, Gupta AK, Garg R, Rizvi DM, Jain A, Agarwal SK. Initial drug resistance in patients of pulmonary tuberculosis attending a tertiary care centre. Indian J Tuberc 2001; 48: 159 (Abstract).
34. Paramasivan CN, Venkataraman P, Chandrashekhran V, Bhatt S, Narayanan PR. Surveillance of drug resistant in tuberculosis in two districts of south India. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2002; 6: 479-84.
35. Sofia V, Balasangameshwara VH, Jagannatha PS, Kumar P. Initial drug resistant among tuberculosis patients under DOTS programme in Banglore city. Indian J Tuberc 2004; 52:17-21.
36. Mahadeo B, Kumar P, Agrawal SP, Chauhan LS, Sriknataramu N. Surveillance of drug resistant to anti tuberculosis drugs in districts of Hoogli in West Bengal and Myurbhanj in Orissa. Indian J Tuberc 2005; 52: 5-10.
37. Datta M, Radhamani MP, Selvaraj R, Paramasivan CN, Gopalan BN, Sudeendra CR, Prabhakar R. Critical assessment of smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients after chemotherapy under the district tuberculosis programme. Tub Lung Dis 1993; 74:180-86.
38. Chowgule RV, Deodhar L. Pattern of secondary acquired drug resistance to antituberculosis drugs in Mumbai, India-1991-1995. Indian J Chest Dis Allied and Sei 1998; 40: 23-31.
39. Shah AR, Agarawal SK, Shah KV. Study of drug resistance in previously treated tuberculosis patients in Gujarat, India. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2002; 6:1098-101.
40. Deivanayagam CN, Rajasekaran S, Venkatesan R et al. Prevalence of acquired MDR-TB and HTV Co-Infection. Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sei 2002; 44: 237-42.
41. Prasad R, Suryakant, Mukerji PK, Gupta AK, Garg R, Rizvi DM, Jain A, Agarwal SK. Acquired drug resistance in patients of pulmonary tuberculosis attending a tertiary care centre. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2003; 11 (Suppl): S303 (Abstract).
42. MDR and XDR-TB in India-Consensus statement on the problem, prevention, management and control: From Consultative meeting of National experts organized by TB Research Centre, ICMR, Govt of India, on 14-15 Sep 2007, Chennai.
43. Udwadia Z, Jain S, Rodrigues C, Mehta A. XDR-TB in India: What's in a name? The Lancet Infectious diseases 2007; 7: 441-2.
44. Mondai R, Jain A. XDR Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates, India(letter). Emerg Infect Dis 2007 available from http:/www.cdc.gov/EID/content/13/9/1429.htm.
45. Thomas A, Ramachandran R, Rehman F et al. Management of Multi Drug Resistant Tuberculosis in the field: Tuberculosis Research Centre Experience. Indian J Tuberc 2007; 54: 117-24.
46. Edlin BR, Tokars, JI, Grieco MH, et al. An outbreak of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis among hospitalized patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. NEnglJMed 1992; 326: 1514-21.
47. Prasad R & Garg R. XDR-TB: an emerging threat. Chest India 2007; 8: 3-1.
48. Philip C Hopewell, Madhukar Pai, Dermot Maher, Mukund Uplekar, Mario C. Raviglione. International standards for tuberculosis care. Lancet Infect Dis 2006; 6: 710-25.
49. R. Prasad, Nautiyal RG, Ahuja RC, et al. Treatment of new pulmonary tuberculosis patients: what do allopathic doctors do in India? Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2002; 6: 895-902.
50. Philip C Hopewell, Madhukar Pai, Dermot Maher, Mukund Uplekar, Mario C. Raviglione.International Standards for Tuberculosis Care. Lancet Infect Dis 2006; 6: 710-25.
51. Espinal MA, Kim S J, Surarez PG, et al. Standard short course chemotherapy for drug resistant tuberculosis: treatment outcome in six countries. JAMA 2000, 283: 2537-45.
52. Dots Plus and Green Light Committee, www.who.int/gtb/policyrd/dotsplus.htm.
53. The Global MDR-TB & XDR-TB response Plan 2007-2008. World Health Organization Document, 2007 WHO/HTM/TB/2007.387.
54. Stop TB Partnership and World Heath Organization, The global plan to Stop TB 2006-2015, Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization 2006.
55. WHO Global XDR-TB task force meeting, Oct 2006:Available at: http://www.who.int/tb/xdr/taskforcereport_oct06.pdf.