Mould and aflatoxin contamination of dried cassava chips in Eastern Uganda: Association with traditional processing and storage practices

Journal of Biological Sciences

Volumn 10, Issue 8, 2010, Pages 718-729

  Kaaya, Archileo N ^a   Eboku, D ^b  

^a MAKERERE UNIVERSITY   (Uganda)

^b Uganda Bureau of Statistics   (Uganda)

Author keywords

Cassava products; Fermentation; Indigenous technology; Moisture; Mycotoxins

Indexed keywords

AFLATOXIN;

ARTICLE; ASPERGILLUS; CASSAVA; CONTROLLED STUDY; FOOD CONTAMINATION; FOOD POISONING; FOOD PROCESSING; FOOD STORAGE; FUNGAL CONTAMINATION; MOISTURE; MOULD; NONHUMAN; PENICILLIUM; RHIZOPUS; UGANDA;

ASPERGILLUS; ASPERGILLUS FLAVUS; FUSARIUM; MANIHOT ESCULENTA; MUCOR; PENICILLIUM; RHIZOPUS;

EID: 79952099877     PISSN: 17273048     EISSN: 18125719     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3923/jbs.2010.718.729     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. AOAC, 1999. Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International. 5th Rev. 6th Edn., AOAC Int. Pub., Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
2. Adler, C.M., 2002. Mycotoxins: Characteristics, Sampling Methods and Limitations. Envirocheck, Inc., Garden Grove, California.
3. Afifi, A.A., J.B. Kotlerman, S.L. Ettner and M. Cowan, 2007. Methods for improving regression analysis for skewed continuous or counted responses. Ann. Rev. Public Health, 28: 95-111.
4. Ameny, M.A., 1990. Traditional post-harvest technology of cassava in Uganda. Trop. Sci., 30: 41-50.
5. Anderson, W.F., C.C. Holbrook, D.M. Wilson and M.E. Maheron, 1995. Evaluation of peanut aflatoxin contamination in several potentially resistant peanut genotypes. Peanut Sci., 22: 29-32.
6. Anonymous, 2007. Kumi district description. Developed by RDM Uganda, http://www.kumi.go.ug/.
7. Aryee, F.N.A., I. Oduro, W.O. Ellis and J.J. Afuakwa, 2006. The physicochemical properties of flour samples from the roots of 31 varieties of cassava. Food Control, 17: 916-922.
8. Bankole, S.A. and O.O. Mabekoje, 2004. Occurrence of aflatoxins and fumonisins in preharvest maize from South western Nigeria. Food Addit. Contain., 21: 251-255.
9. Baumgartner, A.E., K. Lindblade, K. Gieseker, H.S. Rogers and S. Kieszak et al., 2005. CaseBcontrol study of an acute aflatoxicosis outbreak, Kenya, 2004. Environ. Health Perspect., 113: 1779-1783.
10. Butalao-Jayme, J.M., E. Almero, M. C. Castro, M.T. Jardeleza and L.A. Salama, 1982. A case control dietary study of primary liver cancer risk from aflatoxins exposure. Int. J. Epidemiol., 11: 112-119.
11. Clarke, C.M. and D. Cooke, 1983. A Basic Course in Statistics. 2nd Edn., Edward Arnold Publishers Ltd., London.
12. Collinson, C., K. Wanda and A. Muganga, 2000. Cassava marketing in Uganda: Constraints and opportunities for growth and development. Joint Report of the Natural Research Institute, FOODNET-IITA and Kawanda Agricultural Research institute (NARO).
13. Diener, U.L., R. J. Cole, T.H. Sanders, A.G. Payne, L.S. Lee and M.A. Klich, 1987. Epidemiology of aflatoxin formation by Aspergillus flavus. Ann. Rev. Phytopathol., 5: 249-270.
14. Essers, A.J.A. and M.J.R. Nout, 1989. The safety of dark, moulded cassava flour compared with white a comparison of traditionally dried cassava pieces in north east Mozambique. Trop. Sci., 29: 261-268.
15. Essers, A.J.A., 1995. Removal of cyanogens from cassava roots: Studies on domestic sun-drying and solid-substrate fermentation in rural africa. Ph.D. Thesis, Wageningen Agricultural University, Netherlands.
16. Essers, A.J.A., C. Ebong, RM. van der Grift, M.J.R. Nout, G.W. Otim-Nape and H. Rosling, 1995. Reducing cassava toxicity by heap-fermentation in Uganda. Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr., 46: 125-136.
17. Essono, G., M. Ayodele, A. Akoa, J. Foko, S. Olemb and J. Gock, 2007. Aspergillus species on cassava chips in storage in rural areas of southern Cameroon: Their relationship with storage duration, moisture content and processing methods. Afr.J. Microbiol., 1: 001-008.
18. FAO., 1993. Sampling Plans for Aflatoxin Analysis in Peanuts and Corn. FAO Food and Nutrition FAO, Rome, Italy.
19. FAO., 2001. Manual on the application of the HACCP System in Mycotoxin Prevention and Control. FAO Food and Nutrition Paper 73. FAO, Rome, Italy.
20. FAO., 2004. Worldwide Regulations for Mycotoxins in Food and Feed in 2003. Food and Nutrition Paper 81. FAO, Rome, Italy.
21. FAO., 2005. A review of cassava in Africa with country case studies on Niger, Ghana, the United Republic of Tanzania, Uganda and Benin. Validation Forum on the Global Cassava Development Strategy, April 26-28, FAO, Rome, Italy.
22. FAOSTAT, 2007. Cassava production trends in Uganda. http://faostat.fao.org.
23. Fandohan, P., B. Gnonlonfin, K. Hell, W.F.O. Marasas and M.J. Wingfield, 2005. Impact of indigenous storage systems and insect infestation on the contamination of maize with fumonisins. Afr.J. Biotechnol., 5: 546-552.
24. Gqaleni, N., J.E. Smith, J. Lacey and G. Gettinby, 1997. Effects of temperature and water activity and incubation time on production of aflatoxins and cyclopiazonic acid by an isolate of Aspergillus flavus in surface agar culture. Applied Environ. Microbiol., 63: 1048-1053.
25. Hell, K., K.F. Cardwell and H.M. Poehling, 2003. Relationship between management practices, fungal infection and aflatoxin for stored maize in Benin. J. Phytopathol., 151: 690-698.
26. ISO, 1999. Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs-preparation of test samples, initial suspension anddecimal dilutions for microbiological examination-part 1: General rules for the preparation of the initial suspension and decimal dilutions.ISO6887-l:1999.http://www.iso.org/iso/iso- catalogue / catalogue-tc / catalogue- detail.htm?csnumber=26850.
27. Kaaya, N.A and H.L. Warren, 2005. A review of past and present research on aflatoxin in Uganda. Afr. J. Food Agric. Nutr. Dev., Vol. 5.
28. Kaaya, A.N., W. Kyamuhangire and S. Kyamanywa, 2006. Factors affecting aflatoxin contamination of harvested maize in the three agroecological zones of Uganda. J. Applied Sci., 6: 2401-2407.
29. Klich, M.A., 2007. Environmental and developmental factors influencing aflatoxin production by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. Mycoscience, 48: 71-80.
30. Knoth, J., 1993. Traditional Storage of Yams and Cassava and its Improvement. GTZ, Humburg, Germany.
31. Kpodo, K., U. Thrane and B. Hald, 2000. Fusaria and fumonisins in maize from Ghana and their co-occurrence with aflatoxins. Int. J. Food Microbiol., 61: 147-157.
32. Liu, Z., J. Gao and J. Yu, 2006. Aflatoxins in stored maize and rice grains in Liaoning Province, China. J. Stored Prod. Res., 42: 468-479.
33. MAAIF, 2007. Facts and Figures of the Agricultural Sector-2007. Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries, Entebbe, Uganda.
34. Mestres, C., S. Bassa, E. Fagbohoun, M. Nago and K. Hell et al., 2004. Yam chip food sub-sector: Hazardous practices and presence of aflatoxins in Benin. J. Stored Prod. Res., 40: 575-585.
35. Moake, M.M., O.I. Padilla-Zakour and R.W. Worobo, 2005. Comprehensive review of patulin control methods in foods. Comprehen. Rev. Food Sci. Food Safety, 1: 8-21.
36. Muzanila, Y.C., J.G. Brennan and R.D. King, 2000. Residual cyanogens, chemical composition and aflatoxins in cassava flour from Tanzanian villages. Food Chem., 70: 45-49.
37. Pitt, J.I. and A.D. Hocking, 1999. Fungi and Food Spoilage. 2nd Edn., Aspen Publishers Inc., Gaithersburg, MD.
38. StataCorp, L.P., 2005. Stata Statistical Software: Release 9. College Station, TX, USA.
39. Udoh, J.M., K.F. Cardwell and T. Ikotun, 2000. Storage structures and aflatoxin content of maize in five agroecological zones of Nigeria. J. Stored Prod. Res., 36: 187-201.
40. Wareing, P.W., A. Westby, J.A. Gibbs, L.T. Allotey and M. Halm, 2001. Consumer preferences and fungal and mycotoxin contamination of cassava products from Ghana. Int. J. Food Sci. Technol., 36: 1-10.
41. Westby, A., P.W. Wareing, J.A. Gibbs and S.M. Dallin, 1995. Formation of Aflatoxins by Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus Isolates from Cassava Products. In: Cassava Food Processing, Agbor, T., A. Egbe, D. Brauman, D. Griffon and S. Treche (Eds.). ORSTOM, Paris, pp: 375-381.
42. Williams, J., T.D. Phillips, P.E. Jolly, J.K. Stiles, C.M. Jolly and D. Aggarwal, 2004. Human aflatoxicosis in developing countries: A review of toxicology, exposure, potential health consequences and interventions. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 80: 1106-1122.