Detecting driver sleepiness using optimized nonlinear combinations of sleepiness indicators

IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems

Volumn 12, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 97-108

  Sandberg, David ^a   Åkerstedt, Torbjörn ^b   Anund, Anna ^c   Kecklund, Göran ^b   Wahde, Mattias ^a  

^a CHALMERS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Sweden)

^b STOCKHOLM UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

^c Transport Research Institute   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Driver performance; neural networks; sleepiness detection; stochastic optimization

Indexed keywords

CAR DRIVER; DRIVER PERFORMANCE; DRIVING BEHAVIOR; DRIVING SESSION; DRIVING SIMULATOR; FUNCTIONAL FORMS; NATIONAL ROADS; NONLINEAR COMBINATION; PARAMETRIC OPTIMIZATION; PERFORMANCE MEASURE; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SLEEP/WAKE; SLEEPINESS DETECTION; STANDARD DEVIATION; STOCHASTIC OPTIMIZATION METHODS; STOCHASTIC OPTIMIZATIONS; TEST DATA; TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH; YAW ANGLES;

AUTOMOBILE SIMULATORS; ELECTRIC NETWORK PARAMETERS; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; OPTIMIZATION; STOCHASTIC SYSTEMS;

NEURAL NETWORKS;

EID: 79952072724     PISSN: 15249050     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/TITS.2010.2077281     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. S. G. Klauer, T. A. Dingus, V. L. Neale, and J. D. Sudweeks, "The impact of driver inattention on near-crash/crash risk: An analysis using the 100- car naturalistic driving study data," U.S. Dept. Transp., Nat. Highway Traffic Safety Admin., DC, DOT HS, vol. 8102006.
2. J. Horne and L. Reyner, "Sleep-related vehicle accidents," Brit. Med. J., vol. 310, pp. 565-567, Mar. 1995.
3. T. Åkerstedt, G. Kecklund, and L. Hörte, "Night driving, season, and the risk of highway accidents," Sleep, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 401-406, Jun. 2001. (Pubitemid 32520813)
4. J. Connor, R. Norton, S. Ameratunga, E. Robinson, I. Civil, R. Dunn, J. Bailey, and R. Jackson, "Driver sleepiness and risk of serious injury to car occupants: Population-based control study," Brit. Med. J., vol. 324, no. 7346, pp. 1125-1129, May 2002.
5. J. Horne and L. Reyner, "Vehicle accidents related to sleep: A review," Occupational Environ. Med., vol. 56, no. 5, pp. 289-294, May 1999. (Pubitemid 29195179)
6. J. van den Berg, "Indicators and predictors of sleepiness," Ph.D. dissertation, Faculty Med., Umeå Univ., Umeå, Sweden, 2006.
7. P. Caffier, U. Erdmann, and P. Ullsperger, "Experimental evaluation of eye-blink parameters as a drowsiness measure," Eur. J. Appl. Physiol., vol. 89, no. 3/4, pp. 319-325, May 2003. (Pubitemid 36748690)
8. I. Damousis and D. Tzovaras, "Fuzzy fusion of eyelid activity indicators for hypovigilance-related accident prediction," IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst., vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 491-500, Sep. 2008.
9. L. Bergasa, J. Nuevo, M. Sotelo, R. Barea, and M. Lopez, "Real-time system for monitoring driver vigilance," IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst., vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 63-77, Mar. 2006.
10. A. Giusti, C. Zocchi, and A. Rovetta, "A noninvasive system for evaluating driver vigilance level examining both physiological and mechanical data," IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst., vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 127-134, Mar. 2009.
11. C. Liu, S. Hosking, and M. Lenné, "Predicting driver drowsiness using vehicle measures: Recent insights and future challenges," J. Safety Res., vol. 40, no. 4, pp. 239-245, 2009.
12. S. Otmani, T. Pebayle, J. Roge, and A. Muzet, "Effect of driving duration and partial sleep deprivation on subsequent alertness and performance of car drivers," Physiol. Behav., vol. 84, no. 5, pp. 715-724, Apr. 2005. (Pubitemid 40693433)
13. W. Van Winsum, K. Brookhuis, and D. De Waard, "A comparison of different ways to approximate time-to-line crossing (TLC) during car driving," Accid. Anal. Prev., vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 47-56, Jan. 2000.
14. S. H. Fairclough and R. Graham, "Impairment of driving performance caused by sleep deprivation or alcohol: A comparative study," Hum. Factors, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 118-128, Mar. 1999. (Pubitemid 29228331)
15. W. B. Verwey and D. M. Zaidel, "Predicting drowsiness accidents from personal attributes, eye blinks and ongoing driving behavior," Person. Individual Differences, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 123-142, Jan. 2000.
16. A. Paul, L. Boyle, J. Tippin, and M. Rizzo, "Variability of driving performance during microsleeps," in Proc. 3rd Int. Driving Symp. Human Factors Driving Assess., Training, Veh. Des., Rockport, MA, Jun. 2005, pp. 18-24.
17. W. Wierwille, M. Lewin, and R. Fairbanks, III, "Research on vehiclebased driver status/performance monitoring: Part III," U.S. Dept. Transp., Nat. Highway Traffic Safety Admin.,Washington, DC, DOT HS 808 640, Sep. 1996.
18. S. Bhuiyan, "Driver assistance systems to rate drowsiness: A preliminary study," in Proc. New Adv. Intell. Decis. Technol., Results 1st KES Int. Symp. IDT, 2009, pp. 415-425.
19. A. Eskandarian and A. Mortazavi, "Evaluation of a smart algorithm for commercial vehicle driver drowsiness detection," in Proc. IEEE Intell. Veh. Symp., 2007, pp. 553-559.
20. D. Dijk and C. Czeisler, "Contribution of the circadian pacemaker and the sleep homeostat to sleep propensity, sleep structure, electroencephalographic slow waves, and sleep spindle activity in humans," J. Neurosci., vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 3526-3538, May 1995.
21. M. E. Jewett, D.-J. Dijk, R. E. Kronauer, and D. F. Dinges, "Doseresponse relationship between sleep duration and human psychomotor vigilance and subjective alertness," Sleep, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 171-179, Mar. 1999. (Pubitemid 29143215)
22. T. Åkerstedt, S. Folkard, and C. Portin, "Predictions from the threeprocess model of alertness," Aviat. Space Environ. Med., vol. 75, no. 3, pp. A75-A83, Mar. 2004.
23. T. Åkerstedt, J. Connor, A. Gray, and G. Kecklund, "Predicting road crashes from a mathematical model of alertness regulation-The sleep/wake predictor," Accid. Anal. Prev., vol. 40, no. 4, pp. 1480-1485, Jul. 2008.
24. D. Sandberg and M.Wahde, "Particle swarm optimization of feedforward neural networks for the detection of drowsy driving," in Proc. Int. Joint Conf. Neural Netw., 2008, pp. 789-794.
25. T. Åkerstedt and M. Gillberg, "Subjective and objective sleepiness in the active individual," Int. J. Neurosci., vol. 52, no. 1/2, pp. 29-37, May 1990.
26. L. Tijerina, M. Gleckler, D. Stoltzfus, S. Johnston, M. Goodman, and W. W. Wierwille, A Preliminary Assessment of Algorithms for Drowsy and Inattentive Driver Detection on the Road. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. Transp., Nat. Highway Safety Admin., 1999.
27. K. Brookhuis, D. De Waard, and S. Fairclough, "Criteria for driver impairment," Ergonom., vol. 46, no. 5, pp. 433-445, Apr. 2003. (Pubitemid 36581956)
28. H. Godthelp, P. Milgram, and G. J. Blaauw, "The development of a timerelated measure to describe driving strategy," Hum. Factors, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 257-268, Jun. 1984. (Pubitemid 15176547)
29. J. Östlund, L. Nilsson, O. Carsten, N. Merat, H. Jamson, S. Jamson, S. Mouta, J. Carvalhais, J. Santos, and V. Anttila, "HASTE deliverable 2: HMI and safety-related driver performance," Eur. Union funded project GRD1/2000/25361 S, vol. 122004.
30. J. R. McLean and E. R. Hoffman, "Analysis of drivers control movements," Hum. Factors, vol. 17, pp. 407-418, 1971.
31. S. Folkard and T. Åkerstedt, "Towards a model for the prediction of alertness and/or fatigue on different sleep/wake schedules," Contemporary Advances in Shiftwork Research: Theoretical and Practical Aspects in the Late Eighties, pp. 231-240, 1987.
32. A. Borbély, "A two-process model of sleep regulation," Hum. Neurobiol., vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 195-204, 1982.
33. T. Åkerstedt and S. Folkard, "Validation of the S and C components of the three-process model of alertness regulation," Sleep, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 1-6, Jan. 1995.
34. S. Haykin, Neural Networks: A Comprehensive Foundation. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1994.
35. L. Reyner and J. Horne, "Falling asleep whilst driving: Are drivers aware of prior sleepiness?" Int. J. Legal Med. vol. 111, no. 3, pp. 120-123, 1998. (Pubitemid 28197815)
36. K. Kaida, M. Takahashi, T. Åkerstedt, A. Nakata, Y. Otsuka, T. Haratani, and K. Fukasawa, "Validation of the Karolinska sleepiness scale against performance and EEG variables," Clin. Neurophysiol., vol. 117, no. 7, pp. 1574-1581, Jul. 2006. (Pubitemid 43947698)
37. M. Ingre, T. Åkerstedt, P. Björn, A. Anund, and G. Kecklund, "Subjective sleepiness, simulated driving performance and blink duration: Examining individual differences," J. Sleep Res., vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 47-53, Mar. 2006.
38. J. H. Holland, Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems. Ann Arbor, MI: Univ. of Michigan Press, 1975.
39. J. Kennedy and R. C. Eberhart, "Particle swarm optimization," in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Neural Netw., 1995, pp. 1942-1948.
40. M. Wahde, Biologically Inspired Optimization Methods: An Introduction. Southampton, U.K.: WIT Press, 2008.
41. H. Moller, L. Kayumov, E. Bulmash, J. Nhan, and C. Shapiro, "Simulator performance, microsleep episodes, and subjective sleepiness: Normative data using convergent methodologies to assess driver drowsiness," J. Psychosom. Res., vol. 61, no. 3, pp. 335-342, Sep. 2006. (Pubitemid 44308333)
42. M. Ingre, T. Åkerstedt, P. Björn, A. Anund, G. Kecklund, and A. Pickels, "Subjective sleepiness and accident risk avoiding the ecological fallacy," J. Sleep Res., vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 142-148, Jun. 2006.
43. P. Philip, P. Sagaspe, J. Taillard, C. Valtat, N. Moore, T. Akerstedt, A. Charles, and B. Bioulac, "Fatigue, sleepiness, and performance in simulated versus real driving conditions," Sleep, vol. 28, no. 12, pp. 1511- 1516, Dec. 2005. (Pubitemid 41747078)