Aortic involvement in patients with a bicuspid aortic valve

Heart

Volumn 97, Issue 6, 2011, Pages 506-513

  Braverman, Alan C ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; FIBRILLIN 1; GELATINASE A; METALLOPROTEINASE; PROTEIN KINASE C; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA;

AORTA ANEURYSM; AORTA COARCTATION; AORTA CYSTIC MEDIAL DEGENERATION; AORTA DISEASE; AORTA DISSECTION; AORTA ROOT; AORTA VALVE REPLACEMENT; APOPTOSIS; ASCENDING AORTA; BICUSPID AORTIC VALVE; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; CONNECTIVE TISSUE; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; ENZYME ACTIVITY; FAMILY HISTORY; FOLLOW UP; GENE MUTATION; HUMAN; LIFESTYLE MODIFICATION; MARFAN SYNDROME; MOLECULAR GENETICS; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; TRANSTHORACIC ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; X CHROMOSOME;

ANEURYSM, DISSECTING; AORTA; AORTIC ANEURYSM; AORTIC VALVE; BLOOD VESSEL PROSTHESIS IMPLANTATION; HEART VALVE PROSTHESIS IMPLANTATION; HUMANS;

EID: 79951989455     PISSN: 13556037     EISSN: 1468201X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/hrt.2009.183871     Document Type: Review

References (20)

1. Braverman AC, Beardslee MA. The bicuspid aortic valve. In: Otto C, Bonow R, eds. Valvular heart disease: a companion to Braunwald's heart disease. Philadelphia: Saunders/Elsevier, 2009: 169-86. This book chapter is a state of the art review of BAV, encompassing the embryology, genetics, valvular and aortic complications, and outlines management strategies for this condition.
2. Oliver JM, Gallego P, Gonzalez A, et al. Risk factors for aortic complications in adults with coarctation of the aorta. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;44:1641-7. This paper highlights the risk of aortic complications associated with coarctation of the aorta when a BAV is also present.
3. Matura LA, Ho VB, Rosing D, et al. Aortic dilation and dissection in Turner syndrome. Circulation 2007;116:1-7. This is a seminal paper emphasising the prevalence of aortic dilatation and risk of aortic dissection in patients with Turner syndrome. Of great importance is the recognition that the aorta in Turner syndrome patients is at risk of dissection at relatively small size and must be indexed to body size.
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10. Hahn RT, Roman MJ, Mogtader AH, et al. Association of aortic dilation with regurgitant, stenotic and functionally normal bicuspid aortic valves. J Am Coll Cardiol 1992;19:283-8. This is one of the earliest papers demonstrating the association of aortic dilatation in patients with BAV, even when the aortic valve is functioning 'normally'.
11. Bonderman D, Gharehbaghi-Schell E, Wollenek G, et al. Mechanisms underlying aortic dilatation in congenital aortic valve malformation. Circulation 1999;99:2138-43. This paper is an important work demonstrating the role of increased apoptosis in BAV aortas even in the absence of aneurysmal enlargement.
12. Ikonomidis JS, Jones JA, Barbour JR, et al. Expression of matrix metalloproteinases and endogenous inhibitors within ascending aortic aneurysms of patients with bicuspid or tricuspid aortic valves. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2007;133:1028-36. This paper reported the differential expression of the proteolytic enzymes (MMPs) and their inhibitors in aortic aneurysm tissues of BAV and TAV patients. This imbalance may play an important role in aneurysm formation in BAV patients.
13. Nataatmadja M, West M, West J, et al. Abnormal extracellular matrix protein transport associated with increased apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells in Marfan syndrome and bicuspid aortic valve thoracic aortic aneurysm. Circulation 2003;108(Suppl 1):II329-34.
14. Cripe L, Andelfinger G, Martin LJ, et al. Bicuspid aortic valve is heritable. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;44:138-43. This paper highlighted the frequent genetic component of BAV, emphasising that BAV is often familial.
15. Loscalzo ML, Goh D, Loeys B, et al. Familial thoracic aortic dilation and bicommissural aortic valve: a prospective analysis of the natural history and inheritance. Am J Med Genet Part A 2007;143A:1960-7. This very important paper reported on several families in which BAV and ascending aortic aneurysm were inherited in an autosomal dominant condition. Of utmost importance was the finding that first degree relatives were frequently noted to have an ascending aortic aneurysm, whether or not a BAV was present.
16. Biner S, Rafique AM, Ray I, et al. Aortopathy is prevalent in relatives of bicuspid aortic valve patients. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009;53:2288-95.
17. Bonow RO, Carabello B, Chatterjee K, et al. ACC/AHA 2006 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 1998 Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Valvular Heart Disease). J Am Coll Cardiol 2006;48:e1-148.
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19. Davies RR, Gallo A, Coady MA, et al. Novel measurement of relative aortic size predicts rupture of thoracic aortic aneurysms. Ann Thorac Surg 2006;81:169-77. (Pubitemid 41815395)
20. Borger MA, Preston M, Ivanov J, et al. Should the ascending aorta be replaced more frequently in patients with bicuspid aortic valve disease? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2004;128:677-83. This large series reported the late development of aortic complications after BAV aortic valve replacement depending upon the preoperative aortic diameter and makes recommendations for when to replace the aorta in BAV patients.