메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 366, Issue 1563, 2011, Pages 389-401

Disgust as an adaptive system for disease avoidance behaviour

Author keywords

Adaptive variation; Disgust; Evolutionary psychology; Hygiene behaviour; Infectious disease; Manners

Indexed keywords

ADAPTATION; ANTHROPOLOGY; DISEASE PREVALENCE; DISEASE RESISTANCE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY; HOST-PATHOGEN INTERACTION; HUMAN BEHAVIOR; HYGIENE; IMMUNE SYSTEM; INFECTIOUS DISEASE; PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE; POLLUTION; PREGNANCY; PSYCHOLOGY; PUBLIC HEALTH; RISK ASSESSMENT;

EID: 79951819355     PISSN: 09628436     EISSN: 14712970     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2010.0117     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (529)

References (110)
  • 1
    • 43249114250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecosystem energetic implications of parasite and free-living biomass in three estuaries
    • doi:10.1038/nature06970
    • Kuris, A. M. et al. 2008 Ecosystem energetic implications of parasite and free-living biomass in three estuaries. Nature 454, 515-518. (doi:10.1038/nature06970)
    • (2008) Nature , vol.454 , pp. 515-518
    • Kuris, A.M.1
  • 4
    • 34748886847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The behavioral immune system. Its evolution and social psychological implications
    • eds J. P. Forgas, M. G. Haselton & W. Von Hippel. New York, NY: Psychological Press
    • Schaller, M. & Duncan, L. A. 2007 The behavioral immune system. Its evolution and social psychological implications. In Evolution of the social mind: evolutionary psychology and social cognition (eds J. P. Forgas, M. G. Haselton & W. Von Hippel). New York, NY: Psychological Press.
    • (2007) Evolution of the Social Mind: Evolutionary Psychology and Social Cognition
    • Schaller, M.1    Duncan, L.A.2
  • 5
    • 34547915962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social Immunity
    • DOI 10.1016/j.cub.2007.06.008, PII S0960982207015035
    • Cremer, S., Armitage, S. A. O. & Schmid-Hempel, P. 2007 Social immunity. Curr. Biol. 17, R693-R702. (doi:10.1016/j.cub.2007.06.008) (Pubitemid 47259367)
    • (2007) Current Biology , vol.17 , Issue.16
    • Cremer, S.1    Armitage, S.A.O.2    Schmid-Hempel, P.3
  • 6
    • 33745318052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecology: Avoidance of disease by social lobsters
    • DOI 10.1038/441421a, PII 441421A
    • Behringer, D. C., Butler, M. J. & Shields, J. D. 2006 Ecology: avoidance of disease by social lobsters. Nature 441, 421-421. (doi:10.1038/441421a) (Pubitemid 44050134)
    • (2006) Nature , vol.441 , Issue.7092 , pp. 421
    • Behringer, D.C.1    Butler, M.J.2    Shields, J.D.3
  • 7
    • 0035659045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sheep avoidance of faeces-contaminated patches leads to a trade-off between intake rate of forage and parasitism in subsequent foraging decisions
    • DOI 10.1006/anbe.2001.1837
    • Hutchings, M. R., Gordon, I. J., Kyriazakis, I. & Jackson, F. 2001 Sheep avoidance of faecescontaminated patches leads to a trade-off between intake rate of forage and parasitism in subsequent foraging decisions. Anim. Behav. 62, 955-964. (doi:10.1006/anbe.2001.1837) (Pubitemid 34001747)
    • (2001) Animal Behaviour , vol.62 , Issue.5 , pp. 955-964
    • Hutchings, M.R.1    Gordon, I.J.2    Kyriazakis, I.3    Jackson, F.4
  • 8
    • 0032138326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behavioural strategies used by parasitized and non-parasitized sheep to avoid ingestion of gastro-intestinal nematodes associated with faeces
    • doi:10.1017/S1357729800009838
    • Hutchings, M. R., Kyriazakis, I., Anderson, D. H., Gordon, I. J. & Coop, R. L. 1998 Behavioural strategies used by parasitized and non-parasitized sheep to avoid ingestion of gastro-intestinal nematodes associated with faeces. Anim. Sci. 67, 97-106. (doi:10.1017/S1357729800009838)
    • (1998) Anim. Sci. , vol.67 , pp. 97-106
    • Hutchings, M.R.1    Kyriazakis, I.2    Anderson, D.H.3    Gordon, I.J.4    Coop, R.L.5
  • 11
    • 0034998058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dirt, disgust, and disease: Is hygiene in our genes?
    • doi:10.1353/pbm.2001.0001
    • Curtis, V. & Biran, A. 2001 Dirt, disgust, and disease: is hygiene in our genes? Perspect. Biol. Med. 44, 17-31. (doi:10.1353/pbm.2001.0001)
    • (2001) Perspect. Biol. Med. , vol.44 , pp. 17-31
    • Curtis, V.1    Biran, A.2
  • 12
    • 61849141277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disgust as a disease-avoidance mechanism
    • doi:10.1037/a0014823
    • Oaten, M., Stevenson, R. J. & Case, T. I. 2009 Disgust as a disease-avoidance mechanism. Psychol. Bull. 135, 303-321. (doi:10.1037/a0014823)
    • (2009) Psychol. Bull. , vol.135 , pp. 303-321
    • Oaten, M.1    Stevenson, R.J.2    Case, T.I.3
  • 13
    • 34547140830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dirt, disgust and disease: A natural history of hygiene
    • DOI 10.1136/jech.2007.062380
    • Curtis, V. 2007 Dirt, disgust and disease: a natural history of hygiene. J. Epidemiol. Community Health 61, 660-664. (doi:10.1136/jech.2007.062380) (Pubitemid 47122062)
    • (2007) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health , vol.61 , Issue.8 , pp. 660-664
    • Curtis, V.A.1
  • 16
    • 0015014687 scopus 로고
    • Constants across cultures in the face and emotion
    • doi:10.1037/h0030377
    • Ekman, P. & Friesen, W. V. 1971 Constants across cultures in the face and emotion. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 17, 124-129. (doi:10.1037/h0030377)
    • (1971) J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. , vol.17 , pp. 124-129
    • Ekman, P.1    Friesen, W.V.2
  • 17
    • 43949150086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Individual differences in sensitivity to disgust: A scale sampling seven domains of disgust elicitors
    • Haidt, J., McCauley, C. & Rozin, P. 2007 Individual differences in sensitivity to disgust: a scale sampling seven domains of disgust elicitors. Pers. Individual Differ. 16, 701-713.
    • (2007) Pers. Individual Differ , vol.16 , pp. 701-713
    • Haidt, J.1    McCauley, C.2    Rozin, P.3
  • 18
    • 79951841638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disgust
    • ed. M. Lewis, 3rd edn. New York, NY: Guilford Press
    • Rozin, P., Haidt, J. & McCauley, C. 2008 Disgust. In Hand book of emotion (ed. M. Lewis), 3rd edn. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
    • (2008) Hand Book of Emotion
    • Rozin, P.1    Haidt, J.2    McCauley, C.3
  • 19
    • 0026920681 scopus 로고
    • Cultural variations in emotions: A review
    • doi:10.1037/0033-2909.112.2.179
    • Mesquita, B. & Frijda, N. H. 1992 Cultural variations in emotions: a review. Psychol. Bull. 112, 179-204. (doi:10.1037/0033-2909.112.2.179)
    • (1992) Psychol. Bull. , vol.112 , pp. 179-204
    • Mesquita, B.1    Frijda, N.H.2
  • 20
    • 0001582794 scopus 로고
    • Disgust and related aversions
    • doi:10.1037/h0058254
    • Angyal, A. 1941 Disgust and related aversions. J. Abnorm. Soc. Psychol. 36, 393-412. (doi:10.1037/h0058254)
    • (1941) J. Abnorm. Soc. Psychol. , vol.36 , pp. 393-412
    • Angyal, A.1
  • 21
    • 0023188472 scopus 로고
    • A perspective on disgust
    • doi:10.1037/0033-295X.94. 1.23
    • Rozin, P. & Fallon, A. E. 1987 A perspective on disgust. Psychol. Rev. 94, 23-41. (doi:10.1037/0033-295X.94. 1.23)
    • (1987) Psychol. Rev. , vol.94 , pp. 23-41
    • Rozin, P.1    Fallon, A.E.2
  • 22
    • 33751094080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serotonin-a link between disgust and immunity?
    • doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2006. 06.036
    • Rubio-Godoy, M., Aunger, R. & Curtis, V. 2007 Serotonin-a link between disgust and immunity? Med. Hypotheses 68, 61-66. (doi:10.1016/j.mehy. 2006. 06.036)
    • (2007) Med. Hypotheses , vol.68 , pp. 61-66
    • Rubio-Godoy, M.1    Aunger, R.2    Curtis, V.3
  • 23
    • 77953743226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mere visual perception of others' disease symptoms facilitates a more agressive immune response
    • doi:10.1177/0956797610368064
    • Schaller, M., Miller, G. E., Gervais, W. M., Yager, S. & Chen, E. 2010 Mere visual perception of others' disease symptoms facilitates a more agressive immune response. Psychol. Sci. (doi:10.1177/0956797610368064)
    • (2010) Psychol. Sci.
    • Schaller, M.1    Miller, G.E.2    Gervais, W.M.3    Yager, S.4    Chen, E.5
  • 25
    • 0032059652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disgust-the forgotten emotion of psychiatry
    • doi:10.1192/bjp. 172.5. 373
    • Phillips, M. L., Senior, C., Fahy, T. & David, A. S. 1998 Disgust-the forgotten emotion of psychiatry. Br. J. Psychiat. 72, 373-375. (doi:10.1192/bjp. 172.5. 373)
    • (1998) Br. J. Psychiat , vol.72 , pp. 373-375
    • Phillips, M.L.1    Senior, C.2    Fahy, T.3    David, A.S.4
  • 27
    • 43949150086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Individualdifferences in sensitivity to disgust-a scale sampling 7 domains of disgust elicitors
    • doi:10.1016/0191-8869 94 90212-7
    • Haidt, J., McCauley, C. & Rozin, P. 1994 Individualdifferences in sensitivity to disgust-a scale sampling 7 domains of disgust elicitors. Pers. Individual Differ. 16, 701-713. (doi:10.1016/0191-8869 (94) 90212-7)
    • (1994) Pers. Individual Differ , vol.16 , pp. 701-713
    • Haidt, J.1    McCauley, C.2    Rozin, P.3
  • 31
    • 36248974692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Criteria for basic emotions: Is DISGUST a primary "emotion"?
    • DOI 10.1080/02699930701334302, PII 784654845
    • Panksepp, J. 2007 Criteria for basic emotions: is DISGUST a primary emotion? Cogn. Emotion 21, 1819-1828. (doi:10.1080/02699930701334302) (Pubitemid 350120432)
    • (2007) Cognition and Emotion , vol.21 , Issue.8 , pp. 1819-1828
    • Panksepp, J.1
  • 33
    • 0344688231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Both of us disgusted in My insula: The common neural basis of seeing and feeling disgust
    • DOI 10.1016/S0896-6273(03)00679-2
    • Wicker, B., Keysers, C., Plailly, J., Royet, J.-P., Gallese, V. & Rizzolatti, G. 2003 Both of us disgusted in my insula: the common neural basis of seeing and feeling disgust. Neuron 40, 655-664. (doi:10.1016/S0896-6273 (03) 00679-2) (Pubitemid 37494712)
    • (2003) Neuron , vol.40 , Issue.3 , pp. 655-664
    • Wicker, B.1    Keysers, C.2    Plailly, J.3    Royet, J.-P.4    Gallese, V.5    Rizzolatti, G.6
  • 34
    • 5644280377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neural correlates of internally-generated disgust via autobiographical recall: A functional magnetic resonance imaging investigation
    • DOI 10.1016/j.neulet.2004.08.007, PII S0304394004009899
    • Fitzgerald, D. A., Posse, S., Moore, G. J., Tancer, M. E., Nathan, P. J. & Phan, K. L. 2004 Neural correlates of internally-generated disgust via autobiographical recall: a functional magnetic resonance imaging investigation. Neurosci. Lett. 370, 91-96. (doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2004.08.007) (Pubitemid 39370858)
    • (2004) Neuroscience Letters , vol.370 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 91-96
    • Fitzgerald, D.A.1    Posse, S.2    Moore, G.J.3    Tancer, M.E.4    Nathan, P.J.5    Phan, K.L.6
  • 35
    • 33646144662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunology of obsessive-compulsive disorder
    • doi:10.1016/j.psc.2006.02.003
    • Murphy, T. K., Sajid, M. W. & Goodman, W. K. 2006 Immunology of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychiatr. Clin. North Am. 29, 445-469. (doi:10.1016/j.psc.2006.02.003)
    • (2006) Psychiatr. Clin. North Am. , vol.29 , pp. 445-469
    • Murphy, T.K.1    Sajid, M.W.2    Goodman, W.K.3
  • 36
    • 51749122199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Core, animal reminder, and contamination disgust: Three kinds of disgust with distinct personality, behavioral, physiological, and clinical correlates
    • doi:10.1016/j.jrp. 2008. 03.009
    • Olatunji, B. O., Haidt, J., McKay, D. & David, B. 2008 Core, animal reminder, and contamination disgust: three kinds of disgust with distinct personality, behavioral, physiological, and clinical correlates. J. Res. Pers. 42, 1243-1259. (doi:10.1016/j.jrp. 2008. 03.009)
    • (2008) J. Res. Pers , vol.42 , pp. 1243-1259
    • Olatunji, B.O.1    Haidt, J.2    McKay, D.3    David, B.4
  • 38
    • 85047673950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain and cognitive evolution: Forms of modularity and functions of mind
    • doi:10.1037/0033-2909.128.5.667
    • Geary, D. C. & Huffman, K. J. 2002 Brain and cognitive evolution: forms of modularity and functions of mind. Psychol. Bull. 128, 667-698. (doi:10.1037/0033-2909.128.5.667)
    • (2002) Psychol. Bull. , vol.128 , pp. 667-698
    • Geary, D.C.1    Huffman, K.J.2
  • 39
    • 58149207524 scopus 로고
    • Normal personality assessment in clinical practice: The NEO personality inventory
    • doi:10.1037/1040-3590.4.1.5
    • Costa Jr, P. T. & McCrae, R. R. 1992 Normal personality assessment in clinical practice: the NEO Personality Inventory. Psychol. Assess. 4, 5-13. (doi:10.1037/1040-3590.4.1.5)
    • (1992) Psychol. Assess , vol.4 , pp. 5-13
    • Costa Jr, P.T.1    McCrae, R.R.2
  • 40
    • 0025557319 scopus 로고
    • An alternative 'description of personality': The Big-Five factor structure
    • doi:10.1037/0022-3514.59. 6.1216
    • Goldberg, L. R. 1990 An alternative 'description of personality': the Big-Five factor structure. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 59, 1216-1229. (doi:10.1037/0022-3514.59. 6.1216)
    • (1990) J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. , vol.59 , pp. 1216-1229
    • Goldberg, L.R.1
  • 41
    • 0033228069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of neuroticism in daily stress and coping
    • doi:10.1037/0022-3514.77.5.1087
    • Gunthert, K. C., Cohen, L. H. & Armeli, S. 1999 The role of neuroticism in daily stress and coping. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 77, 1087-1100. (doi:10.1037/0022-3514.77.5.1087)
    • (1999) J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. , vol.77 , pp. 1087-1100
    • Gunthert, K.C.1    Cohen, L.H.2    Armeli, S.3
  • 42
    • 0013068472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What's the use of neuroticism?
    • DOI 10.1016/S0191-8869(00)00144-6, PII S0191886900001446
    • Claridge, G. & Davis, C. 2001 What's the use of neuroticism? Pers. Indiv. Differ. 31, 383-400. (doi:10. 1016/S0191-8869 (00) 00144-6) (Pubitemid 33619575)
    • (2001) Personality and Individual Differences , vol.31 , Issue.3 , pp. 383-400
    • Claridge, G.1    Davis, C.2
  • 43
    • 0036020713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Propensity to psychiatric and somatic ill-health: Evidence from a birth cohort
    • DOI 10.1017/S0033291702005901
    • Neeleman, J., Sytema, S. & Wadsworth, M. 2002 Propensity to psychiatric and somatic ill-health: evidence from a birth cohort. Psychol. Med. 32, 793-803. (doi:10.1017/S0033291702005901) (Pubitemid 34823332)
    • (2002) Psychological Medicine , vol.32 , Issue.5 , pp. 793-803
    • Neeleman, J.1    Sytema, S.2    Wadsworth, M.3
  • 44
    • 33748794778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of personality variation in humans and other animals
    • DOI 10.1037/0003-066X.61.6.622
    • Nettle, D. 2006 The evolution of personality variation in humans and other animals. Am. Psychol. 61, 622-631. (doi:10.1037/0003-066X.61.6.622) (Pubitemid 44413251)
    • (2006) American Psychologist , vol.61 , Issue.6 , pp. 622-631
    • Nettle, D.1
  • 45
    • 0030137716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity to disgust as an indicator of neuroticism: A psychobiological approach
    • DOI 10.1016/0191-8869(95)00218-9
    • Hennig, J., Pössel, P. & Netter, P. 1996 Sensitivity to disgust as an indicator of neuroticism: a psychobiological approach. Pers. Indiv. Differ. 20, 589-596. (doi:10. 1016/0191-8869 (95) 00218-9) (Pubitemid 126160311)
    • (1996) Personality and Individual Differences , vol.20 , Issue.5 , pp. 589-596
    • Hennig, J.1    Possel, P.2    Netter, P.3
  • 47
    • 2942742936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behavioral syndromes: An ecological and evolutionary overview
    • DOI 10.1016/j.tree.2004.04.009, PII S0169534704001211
    • Sih, A., Bell, A. & Johnson, J. C. 2004 Behavioral syndromes: an ecological and evolutionary overview. Trends Ecol. Evol. 19, 372-378. (doi:10.1016/j.tree. 2004.04.009) (Pubitemid 38800923)
    • (2004) Trends in Ecology and Evolution , vol.19 , Issue.7 , pp. 372-378
    • Sih, A.1    Bell, A.2    Johnson, J.C.3
  • 48
    • 34249909343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multimodal assessment of disgust in contamination-related obsessive-compulsive disorder
    • DOI 10.1016/j.brat.2006.03.004, PII S0005796706000623
    • Olatunji, B. O., Lohr, J. M., Sawchuk, C. N. & Tolin, D. F. 2007 Multimodal assessment of disgust in contamination-related obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behav. Res. Ther. 45, 263-276. (doi:10.1016/j.brat. 2006.03.004) (Pubitemid 44827994)
    • (2007) Behaviour Research and Therapy , vol.45 , Issue.2 , pp. 263-276
    • Olatunji, B.O.1    Lohr, J.M.2    Sawchuk, C.N.3    Tolin, D.F.4
  • 49
    • 30944450941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disgust in pre-clinical Huntington's disease: A longitudinal study
    • DOI 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2005.07.003, PII S0028393205002551
    • Sprengelmeyer, R., Schroeder, U., Young, A. W. & Epplen, J. T. 2006 Disgust in pre-clinical Huntington's disease: a longitudinal study. Neuropsychologia 44, 518-533. (doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2005.07.003) (Pubitemid 43113376)
    • (2006) Neuropsychologia , vol.44 , Issue.4 , pp. 518-533
    • Sprengelmeyer, R.1    Schroeder, U.2    Young, A.W.3    Epplen, J.T.4
  • 50
    • 0000742816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Individual differences in disgust sensitivity: Comparisons and evaluations of paper-and-pencil versus behavioural measures
    • doi:10.1006/jrpe.1999.2251
    • Rozin, P., Haidt, J. & McCauley, C. 1999 Individual differences in disgust sensitivity: comparisons and evaluations of paper-and-pencil versus behavioural measures. J. Res. Pers. 33, 330-351. (doi:10.1006/jrpe.1999.2251)
    • (1999) J. Res. Pers , vol.33 , pp. 330-351
    • Rozin, P.1    Haidt, J.2    McCauley, C.3
  • 51
    • 0142056061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Domain-specific variation in disgust sensitivity across the menstrual cycle
    • DOI 10.1016/S1090-5138(03)00054-0, PII S1090513803000540
    • Fessler, D. M. T. & Navarrete, C. D. 2003 Domainspecific variation in disgust sensitivity across the menstrual cycle. Evol. Hum. Behav. 24, 406-417. (doi:10.1016/S1090-5138 (03) 00054-0) (Pubitemid 37282257)
    • (2003) Evolution and Human Behavior , vol.24 , Issue.6 , pp. 406-417
    • Fessler, D.M.T.1    Navarrete, C.D.2
  • 52
    • 68249149269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frequency and recency of infection and their relationship with disgust and contamination sensitivity
    • doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav. 2009.02.005
    • Stevenson, R. J., Case, T. I. & Oaten, M. J. 2009 Frequency and recency of infection and their relationship with disgust and contamination sensitivity. Evol. Hum. Behav. 30, 363-368. (doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav. 2009.02.005)
    • (2009) Evol. Hum. Behav. , vol.30 , pp. 363-368
    • Stevenson, R.J.1    Case, T.I.2    Oaten, M.J.3
  • 53
    • 21344469470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevated disgust sensitivity in the first trimester of pregnancy
    • DOI 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2004.12.001, PII S1090513804001072
    • Fessler, D. M. T., Eng, S. J. & Navarrete, C. D. 2005 Elevated disgust sensitivity in the first trimester of pregnancy: evidence supporting the compensatory prophylaxis hypothesis. Evol. Hum. Behav. 26, 344-351. (Pubitemid 40912072)
    • (2005) Evolution and Human Behavior , vol.26 , Issue.4 , pp. 344-351
    • Fessler, D.M.T.1    Eng, S.J.2    Navarrete, C.D.3
  • 54
    • 46349085758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morning sickness: Adaptive cause or nonadaptive consequence of embryo viability?
    • DOI 10.1086/588081
    • Flaxman, S. M. & Sherman, P. W. 2008 Morning sickness: adaptive cause or nonadaptive consequence of embryo viability? Am. Nat. 172, 54-62. (doi:10. 1086/588081) (Pubitemid 351920312)
    • (2008) American Naturalist , vol.172 , Issue.1 , pp. 54-62
    • Flaxman, S.M.1    Sherman, P.W.2
  • 55
    • 33750032588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rates of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy and dietary characteristics across populations
    • DOI 10.1098/rspb.2006.3633
    • Pepper, G. V. & Roberts, C. 2006 Rates of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy and dietary characteristics across populations. Proc. R. Soc. B 273, 2675-2679. (doi:10. 1098/rspb.2006.3633) (Pubitemid 44570370)
    • (2006) Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences , vol.273 , Issue.1601 , pp. 2675-2679
    • Pepper, G.V.1    Roberts, S.C.2
  • 56
    • 0036094619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy in an evolutionary perspective
    • doi:10.1067/mob.2002.122593
    • Sherman, P. W. & Flaxman, S. M. 2002 Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy in an evolutionary perspective. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 186, 190-197. (doi:10.1067/mob.2002.122593)
    • (2002) Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. , vol.186 , pp. 190-197
    • Sherman, P.W.1    Flaxman, S.M.2
  • 57
    • 85020817842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Luteal phase and progestin effects on OCD measures and disgust sensitivity
    • Paper presented at, Philadelphia, PA, 7-11 June
    • Fleischman, D. S. & Fessler, D. M. 2006 Luteal phase and progestin effects on OCD measures and disgust sensitivity. Paper presented at The Human Behavior and Evolution Society Conf., Philadelphia, PA, 7-11 June.
    • (2006) The Human Behavior and Evolution Society Conf.
    • Fleischman, D.S.1    Fessler, D.M.2
  • 58
    • 33846053279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Salience of emotional displays of danger and contagion in faces is enhanced when progesterone levels are raised
    • DOI 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2006.10.002, PII S0018506X06002728
    • Conway, C. A., Jones, B. C., Debruine, L. M., Welling, L. L. M., Law Smith, M. J., Perrett, D. I., Sharp, M. A. & Al-Dujaili, E. A. S. 2007 Salience of emotional displays of danger and contagion in faces is enhanced when progesterone levels are raised. Horm. Behav. 51, 202-206. (doi:10. 1016/j.yhbeh.2006.10.002) (Pubitemid 46072834)
    • (2007) Hormones and Behavior , vol.51 , Issue.2 , pp. 202-206
    • Conway, C.A.1    Jones, B.C.2    DeBruine, L.M.3    Welling, L.L.M.4    Law Smith, M.J.5    Perrett, D.I.6    Sharp, M.A.7    Al-Dujaili, E.A.S.8
  • 59
    • 33749523230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhanced recognition of facial expressions of disgust in opiate users receiving maintenance treatment
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2006.01574.x
    • Martin, L., Clair, J., Davis, P., O'Ryan, D., Hoshi, R. & Curran, H. V. 2006 Enhanced recognition of facial expressions of disgust in opiate users receiving maintenance treatment. Addiction 101, 1598-1605. (Pubitemid 44527191)
    • (2006) Addiction , vol.101 , Issue.11 , pp. 1598-1605
    • Martin, L.1    Clair, J.2    Davis, P.3    O'Ryan, D.4    Hoshi, R.5    Curran, H.V.6
  • 60
    • 0029856583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of opioids on the immune system
    • Roy, S. & Loh, H. H. 1996 Effects of opioids on the immune system. Neurochem. Res. 21, 1375-1386. (doi:10.1007/BF02532379) (Pubitemid 26397068)
    • (1996) Neurochemical Research , vol.21 , Issue.11 , pp. 1375-1386
    • Roy, S.1    Loh, H.H.2
  • 61
    • 60749109823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When hunger finds no fault with moldy corn: Food deprivation reduces food-related disgust
    • doi:10.1037/a0014449
    • Hoefling, A., Likowski, K. U., Deutsch, R., Häfner, M., Seibt, B., Mühlberger, A., Weyers, P. & Strack, F. 2009 When hunger finds no fault with moldy corn: food deprivation reduces food-related disgust. Emotion 9, 50. (doi:10.1037/a0014449)
    • (2009) Emotion , vol.9 , pp. 50
    • Hoefling, A.1    Likowski, K.U.2    Deutsch, R.3    Häfner, M.4    Seibt, B.5    Mühlberger, A.6    Weyers, P.7    Strack, F.8
  • 62
    • 67649341987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perceived vulnerability to disease: Development and validation of a 15-item self-report instrument
    • doi:10.1016/j.paid.2009. 05.001
    • Duncan, L. A., Schaller, M. & Park, J. H. 2009 Perceived vulnerability to disease: development and validation of a 15-item self-report instrument. Pers. Indiv. Differ. 47, 541-546. (doi:10.1016/j.paid.2009. 05.001)
    • (2009) Pers. Indiv. Differ , vol.47 , pp. 541-546
    • Duncan, L.A.1    Schaller, M.2    Park, J.H.3
  • 63
    • 0016224525 scopus 로고
    • Behavioral regulation of the milieu interne in man and rat. Food preferences set by delayed visceral effects facilitate memory research and predator control
    • doi:10.1126/science. 185.4154.824
    • Garcia, J., Hankins, W. G. & Rusiniak, K. W. 1974 Behavioral regulation of the milieu interne in man and rat. Food preferences set by delayed visceral effects facilitate memory research and predator control. Science 185, 824-831. (doi:10.1126/science. 185.4154.824)
    • (1974) Science , vol.185 , pp. 824-831
    • Garcia, J.1    Hankins, W.G.2    Rusiniak, K.W.3
  • 64
    • 0018188072 scopus 로고
    • Learned taste aversions in children receiving chemotherapy
    • Bernstein, I. L. 1978 Learned taste aversions in children receiving chemotherapy. Science 200, 1302-1303. (doi:10.1126/science.663613) (Pubitemid 8405765)
    • (1978) Science , vol.200 , Issue.4347 , pp. 1302-1303
    • Bernstein, I.L.1
  • 65
    • 0031992935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood-injection-injury phobia and fear of spiders: Domain specific individual differences in disgust sensitivity
    • PII S0191886997001785
    • De Jong, P. J. & Merckelbach, H. 1998 Blood-injectioninjury phobia and fear of spiders: domain specific individual differences in disgust sensitivity. Pers. Indiv. Differ. 24, 153-158. (doi:10.1016/S0191-8869 (97) 00178-5) (Pubitemid 128176350)
    • (1998) Personality and Individual Differences , vol.24 , Issue.2 , pp. 153-158
    • De Jong, P.J.1    Merckelbach, H.2
  • 66
    • 34447523334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluative differential conditioning of disgust: A sticky form of relational learning that is resistant to extinction
    • DOI 10.1016/j.janxdis.2006.11.004, PII S0887618506001733
    • Olatunji, B. O., Forsyth, J. P. & Cherian, A. 2006 Evaluative differential conditioning of disgust: a sticky form of relational learning that is resistant to extinction. J. Anxiety Disord. 21, 820-834. (Pubitemid 47068912)
    • (2007) Journal of Anxiety Disorders , vol.21 , Issue.6 , pp. 820-834
    • Olatunji, B.O.1    Forsyth, J.P.2    Cherian, A.3
  • 67
    • 38749132544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How emotion shapes behavior: Feedback, anticipation, and reflection, rather than direct causation
    • doi:10. 1177/1088868307301033
    • Baumeister, R. F., Vohs, K. D. & Nathan Dewall, C. 2007 How emotion shapes behavior: feedback, anticipation, and reflection, rather than direct causation. Pers. Soc. Psychol. Rev. 11, 167-203. (doi:10. 1177/1088868307301033)
    • (2007) Pers. Soc. Psychol. Rev. , vol.11 , pp. 167-203
    • Baumeister, R.F.1    Vohs, K.D.2    Nathan Dewall, C.3
  • 69
    • 0003639991 scopus 로고
    • New York, NY: Washington Square. Trans. Hazel E. Barnes
    • Sartre, J. P. 1943 Being and Nothingness. New York, NY: Washington Square. (Trans. Hazel E. Barnes 1966).
    • (1943) Being and Nothingness
    • Sartre, J.P.1
  • 70
    • 85047683645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fears, phobias, and preparedness: Toward an evolved module of fear and fear learning
    • DOI 10.1037//0033-295X.108.3.483
    • Ohman, A. & Mineka, S. 2001 Fears, phobias, and preparedness: toward an evolved module of fear and fear learning. Psychol. Rev. 108, 483-522. (doi:10. 1037/0033-295X.108.3.483) (Pubitemid 33604135)
    • (2001) Psychological Review , vol.108 , Issue.3 , pp. 483-522
    • Ohman, A.1    Mineka, S.2
  • 71
    • 34447281069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Affective evaluations of objects are influenced by observed gaze direction and emotional expression
    • DOI 10.1016/j.cognition.2006.07.012, PII S0010027706001612
    • Bayliss, A. P., Frischen, A., Fenske, M. J. & Tipper, S. P. 2007 Affective evaluations of objects are influenced by observed gaze direction and emotional expression. Cognition 104, 644-653. (doi:10.1016/j.cognition. 2006.07.012) (Pubitemid 47042715)
    • (2007) Cognition , vol.104 , Issue.3 , pp. 644-653
    • Bayliss, A.P.1    Frischen, A.2    Fenske, M.J.3    Tipper, S.P.4
  • 72
    • 3142682169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The retention effects of an adult's emotional displays on infant behavior
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2004.00695.x
    • Hertenstein, M. J. & Campos, J. J. 2004 The retention effects of an adult's emotional displays on infant behavior. Child Dev. 75, 595-613. (doi:10.1111/j. 1467-8624.2004.00695.x) (Pubitemid 39080076)
    • (2004) Child Development , vol.75 , Issue.2 , pp. 595-613
    • Hertenstein, M.J.1    Campos, J.J.2
  • 73
    • 3442877325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of parents in the determination of the food preferences of children and the development of obesity
    • DOI 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802532
    • Benton, D. 2004 Role of parents in the determination of the food preferences of children and the development of obesity. Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. 28, 858-869. (doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802532) (Pubitemid 39005686)
    • (2004) International Journal of Obesity , vol.28 , Issue.7 , pp. 858-869
    • Benton, D.1
  • 74
    • 0002810650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social enhancement of food preferences in Norway rats: A brief review
    • eds C. Hayes & B. G. Galef. San Diego, CA: Academic Press
    • Galef, B. G. 1996 Social enhancement of food preferences in Norway rats: a brief review. In Social learning in animals: the roots of culture (eds C. Hayes & B. G. Galef). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
    • (1996) Social Learning in Animals: The Roots of Culture
    • Galef, B.G.1
  • 75
    • 34447272746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of fear acquisition in toddlers following positive modelling by their mothers
    • DOI 10.1016/j.brat.2007.02.007, PII S0005796707000344
    • Egliston, K. A. & Rapee, R. M. 2007 Inhibition of fear acquisition in toddlers following positive modelling by their mothers. Behav. Res. Ther. 45, 1871-1882. (doi:10.1016/j.brat.2007.02.007) (Pubitemid 47048126)
    • (2007) Behaviour Research and Therapy , vol.45 , Issue.8 , pp. 1871-1882
    • Egliston, K.-A.1    Rapee, R.M.2
  • 76
    • 0036024689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between disgust sensitivity and avoidant behavior: Studies of clinical and nonclinical samples
    • doi:10.1016/S0887-6185 02 00173-1
    • Woody, S. R. & Tolin, D. F. 2002 The relationship between disgust sensitivity and avoidant behavior: studies of clinical and nonclinical samples. J. Anxiety Disord. 16, 543-559. (doi:10.1016/S0887-6185 (02) 00173-1)
    • (2002) J. Anxiety Disord. , vol.16 , pp. 543-559
    • Woody, S.R.1    Tolin, D.F.2
  • 77
    • 34547668485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Specificity of disgust sensitivity in the prediction of behavioral avoidance in contamination fear
    • DOI 10.1016/j.brat.2007.03.008, PII S000579670700054X
    • Deacon, B. & Olatunji, B. O. 2007 Specificity of disgust sensitivity in the prediction of behavioral avoidance in contamination fear. Behav. Res. Ther. 45, 2110-2120. (doi:10.1016/j.brat.2007.03.008) (Pubitemid 47210955)
    • (2007) Behaviour Research and Therapy , vol.45 , Issue.9 , pp. 2110-2120
    • Deacon, B.1    Olatunji, B.O.2
  • 78
    • 0000742816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Individual differences in disgust sensitivity: Comparisons and evaluations of paper-andpencil versus behavioral measures
    • doi:10.1006/jrpe.1999.2251
    • Rozin, P., Haidt, J., McCauley, C., Dunlop, L. & Ashmore, M. 1999 Individual differences in disgust sensitivity: comparisons and evaluations of paper-andpencil versus behavioral measures. J. Res. Pers. 33, 330-351. (doi:10.1006/jrpe.1999.2251)
    • (1999) J. Res. Pers , vol.33 , pp. 330-351
    • Rozin, P.1    Haidt, J.2    McCauley, C.3    Dunlop, L.4    Ashmore, M.5
  • 79
    • 0001337453 scopus 로고
    • Why does culture increase human adaptability?
    • doi:10.1016/0162-3095 94 00073-G
    • Boyd, R. & Richerson, P. J. 1995 Why does culture increase human adaptability? Ethol. Sociobiol. 16, 125-143. (doi:10.1016/0162-3095 (94) 00073-G)
    • (1995) Ethol. Sociobiol , vol.16 , pp. 125-143
    • Boyd, R.1    Richerson, P.J.2
  • 80
    • 0002881863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of prestige: Freely conferred deference as a mechanism for enhancing the benefits of cultural transmission
    • DOI 10.1016/S1090-5138(00)00071-4, PII S1090513800000714
    • Henrich, J. & Gil-White, F. J. 2001 The evolution of prestige: freely conferred deference as a mechanism for enhancing the benefits of cultural transmission. Evol. Hum. Behav. 22, 165-196. (doi:10.1016/S1090-5138 (00) 00071-4) (Pubitemid 33623897)
    • (2001) Evolution and Human Behavior , vol.22 , Issue.3 , pp. 165-196
    • Henrich, J.1    Gil-White, F.J.2
  • 81
    • 70350058669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental pretesting of hand-washing interventions in a natural setting
    • doi:10.2105/AJPH.2009.164160
    • Judah, G., Aunger, R., Schmidt, W.-P., Michie, S., Granger, S. & Curtis, V. 2009 Experimental pretesting of hand-washing interventions in a natural setting. Am. J. Public Health 99, S405-S411. (doi:10.2105/AJPH.2009. 164160)
    • (2009) Am. J. Public Health , vol.99
    • Judah, G.1    Aunger, R.2    Schmidt, W.-P.3    Michie, S.4    Granger, S.5    Curtis, V.6
  • 82
    • 79951837169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of social norms on male hygiene
    • Suroviak, J. M. L. 2005 The effects of social norms on male hygiene. Indiv. Differ. Res. 3, 1541-1745.
    • (2005) Indiv. Differ. Res. , vol.3 , pp. 1541-1745
    • Suroviak, J.M.L.1
  • 83
    • 67650883221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Planned, motivated and habitual hygiene behaviour: An eleven country review
    • doi:10.1093/her/cyp002
    • Curtis, V. A., Danquah, L. O. & Aunger, R. V. 2009 Planned, motivated and habitual hygiene behaviour: an eleven country review. Health Educ. Res. 24, 655-673. (doi:10.1093/her/cyp002)
    • (2009) Health Educ. Res. , vol.24 , pp. 655-673
    • Curtis, V.A.1    Danquah, L.O.2    Aunger, R.V.3
  • 84
    • 0014413249 scopus 로고
    • The tragedy of the commons
    • doi:10.1126/science.162.3859.1243
    • Hardin, G. 1968 The tragedy of the commons. Science 162, 1243-1248. (doi:10.1126/science.162.3859.1243)
    • (1968) Science , vol.162 , pp. 1243-1248
    • Hardin, G.1
  • 85
    • 0034054481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of participation on sustainability: An analysis of the Malawi rural piped scheme program
    • DOI 10.1016/S0305-750X(99)00155-2, PII S0305750X99001552
    • Kleemeier, E. 2000 The impact of participation on sustainability: an analysis of the Malawi rural piped scheme program. World Dev. 28, 929-944. (doi:10. 1016/S0305-750X (99) 00155-2) (Pubitemid 30239455)
    • (2000) World Development , vol.28 , Issue.5 , pp. 929-944
    • Kleemeier, E.1
  • 87
    • 0028970614 scopus 로고
    • The evolution of virulence: a unifying link between parasitology and ecology
    • Ewald, P. W. 1995 The evolution of virulence: a unifying link between parasitology and ecology. J. Parasitol. 81, 659-669. (doi:10.2307/3283951) (Pubitemid 26451880)
    • (1995) Journal of Parasitology , vol.81 , Issue.5 , pp. 659-669
    • Ewald, P.W.1
  • 88
    • 0029073999 scopus 로고
    • Anthropology and germ theory
    • doi:10.1016/0195-6701 95 90012-8
    • MacQueen, S. 1995 Anthropology and germ theory. J. Hosp. Infect. 30, 116-126. (doi:10.1016/0195-6701 (95) 90012-8)
    • (1995) J. Hosp. Infect. , vol.30 , pp. 116-126
    • MacQueen, S.1
  • 89
    • 0004207751 scopus 로고
    • Cambridge, UK: Harvard University Press
    • Burkert, W. 1985 Greek religion. Cambridge, UK: Harvard University Press.
    • (1985) Greek Religion
    • Burkert, W.1
  • 92
    • 3142753419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perceived in-group threat as a factor moderating the influence of in-group norms on discrimination against foreigners
    • DOI 10.1002/ejsp.189
    • Falomir-Pichastor, J. M., Muñoz-Rojas, D., Invernizzi, F. & Mugny, G. 2004 Perceived in-group threat as a factor moderating the influence of in-group norms on discrimination against foreigners. Eur. J. Soc. Psychol. 34, 135-153. (doi:10.1002/ejsp. 189) (Pubitemid 38939423)
    • (2004) European Journal of Social Psychology , vol.34 , Issue.2 , pp. 135-153
    • Falomir-Pichastor, J.M.1    Munoz-Rojas, D.2    Invernizzi, F.3    Mugny, G.4
  • 94
    • 0002234391 scopus 로고
    • The modularity of thought and the epidemiology of representations
    • eds L. A. Hirschfeld & S. A. Gelman, New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, doi:10.1017/CBO9780511752902.003
    • Sperber, D. 1994 The modularity of thought and the epidemiology of representations. In Mapping the mind: domain specificity in cognition and culture (eds L. A. Hirschfeld & S. A. Gelman), pp. 39-67. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. (doi:10.1017/CBO9780511752902.003)
    • (1994) Mapping the Mind: Domain Specificity in Cognition and Culture , pp. 39-67
    • Sperber, D.1
  • 95
    • 85029015966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emotional selection in memes: The case of urban legends
    • DOI 10.1037//0022-3514.81.6.1028
    • Heath, C., Bell, C. & Steinberg, E. 2001 Emotional selection in memes: the case of urban legends. J. Pers. 81, 1028-1041. (doi:10.1037/0022- 3514.81.6.1028) (Pubitemid 33594527)
    • (2001) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.81 , Issue.6 , pp. 1028-1041
    • Heath, C.1    Bell, C.2    Sternberg, E.3
  • 96
    • 0006126339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the genealogy of norms: A case for the role of emotion in cultural evolution
    • doi:10.1086/341051
    • Nichols, S. 2002 On the genealogy of norms: a case for the role of emotion in cultural evolution. Phil. Sci. 69, 234-255. (doi:10.1086/341051)
    • (2002) Phil. Sci. , vol.69 , pp. 234-255
    • Nichols, S.1
  • 97
    • 47249136170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathogens, personality, and culture: Disease prevalence predicts worldwide variability in sociosexuality, extraversion, and openness to experience
    • doi:10.1037/0022-3514.95.1.212
    • Schaller, M. & Murray, D. R. 2008 Pathogens, personality, and culture: disease prevalence predicts worldwide variability in sociosexuality, extraversion, and openness to experience. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 95, 212-221. (doi:10.1037/0022-3514.95.1.212)
    • (2008) J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. , vol.95 , pp. 212-221
    • Schaller, M.1    Murray, D.R.2
  • 98
    • 42549106023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathogen prevalence predicts human cross-cultural variability in individualism/collectivism
    • DOI 10.1098/rspb.2008.0094, PII 70268021U2VH1356
    • Fincher, C. L., Thornhill, R., Murray, D. R. & Schaller, M. 2008 Pathogen prevalence predicts human crosscultural variability in individualism/collectivism. Proc. R. Soc. B 275, 1279-1285. (doi:10.1098/rspb. 2008.0094) (Pubitemid 351581475)
    • (2008) Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences , vol.275 , Issue.1640 , pp. 1279-1285
    • Fincher, C.L.1    Thornhill, R.2    Murray, D.R.3    Schaller, M.4
  • 99
    • 54249169509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assortative sociality, limited dispersal, infectious disease and the genesis of the global pattern of religion diversity
    • doi:10.1098/rspb.2008.0688
    • Fincher, C. L. & Thornhill, R. 2008 Assortative sociality, limited dispersal, infectious disease and the genesis of the global pattern of religion diversity. Proc. R. Soc. B 275, 2587-2594. (doi:10.1098/rspb.2008.0688)
    • (2008) Proc. R. Soc. B. , vol.275 , pp. 2587-2594
    • Fincher, C.L.1    Thornhill, R.2
  • 100
    • 68049147023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conservatives are more easily disgusted than liberals
    • doi:10.1080/026999308 02110007
    • Inbar, Y., Pizarro, D. A. & Bloom, P. 2009 Conservatives are more easily disgusted than liberals. Cogn. Emotion 23, 714-725. (doi:10.1080/ 026999308 02110007)
    • (2009) Cogn. Emotion , vol.23 , pp. 714-725
    • Inbar, Y.1    Pizarro, D.A.2    Bloom, P.3
  • 101
    • 33744921101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disease avoidance and ethnocentrism: the effects of disease vulnerability and disgust sensitivity on intergroup attitudes
    • DOI 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2005.12.001, PII S109051380600002X
    • Navarrete, C. D. & Fessler, D. M. T. 2006 Disease avoidance and ethnocentrism: the effects of disease vulnerability and disgust sensitivity on intergroup attitudes. Evol. Hum. Behav. 27, 270-282. (doi:10.1016/j. evolhumbehav. 2005.12.001) (Pubitemid 43842764)
    • (2006) Evolution and Human Behavior , vol.27 , Issue.4 , pp. 270-282
    • Navarrete, C.D.1    Fessler, D.M.T.2
  • 102
    • 26844474984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolved disease-avoidance mechanisms and contemporary xenophobic attitudes
    • doi:10.1177/1368430204046142
    • Faulkner, J., Schaller, M., Park, J. H. & Duncan, L. A. 2004 Evolved disease-avoidance mechanisms and contemporary xenophobic attitudes. Group Processes Intergroup Behav. 7, 333-353. (doi:10.1177/1368430204046142)
    • (2004) Group Processes Intergroup Behav. , vol.7 , pp. 333-353
    • Faulkner, J.1    Schaller, M.2    Park, J.H.3    Duncan, L.A.4
  • 103
    • 34547993689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The untapped potential of virtual game worlds to shed light on real world epidemics
    • DOI 10.1016/S1473-3099(07)70212-8, PII S1473309907702128
    • Lofgren, E. T. & Fefferman, N. H. 2007 The untapped potential of virtual game worlds to shed light on real world epidemics. Lancet Infect. Dis. 7, 625-629. (doi:10.1016/S1473-3099 (07) 70212-8) (Pubitemid 47271925)
    • (2007) Lancet Infectious Diseases , vol.7 , Issue.9 , pp. 625-629
    • Lofgren, E.T.1    Fefferman, N.H.2
  • 104
    • 53149154834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of risky behaviour in the presence of a sexually transmitted disease
    • DOI 10.1098/rspb.2001.1932
    • Boots, M. & Knell, R. 2002 The evolution of risky behaviour in the presence of a sexually transmitted disease. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 269, 585-589. (doi:10. 1098/rspb.2001.1932) (Pubitemid 34303993)
    • (2002) Education Economics , vol.269 , Issue.1491 , pp. 585-589
    • Boots, M.1    Knell, R.J.2
  • 106
    • 34547752424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Marketing hygiene behaviours: The impact of different communications channels on reported handwashing behaviour of women in Ghana
    • Scott, B., Schmidt, W., Aunger, R., Garbrah-Aidoo, N. & Animashaun, R. 2007 Marketing hygiene behaviours: the impact of different communications channels on reported handwashing behaviour of women in Ghana. Health Educ. Res. 22, 225-233.
    • (2007) Health Educ. Res. , vol.22 , pp. 225-233
    • Scott, B.1    Schmidt, W.2    Aunger, R.3    Garbrah-Aidoo, N.4    Animashaun, R.5
  • 107
    • 0004183840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
    • Miller, W. I. 1998 The anatomy of disgust. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
    • (1998) The Anatomy of Disgust
    • Miller, W.I.1
  • 108
  • 109
    • 43849111670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kinds of behaviour
    • doi:10.1007/s10539-007-9108-4
    • Aunger, R. & Curtis, V. 2008 Kinds of behaviour. Biol. Philos. 23, 317-345. (doi:10.1007/s10539-007-9108-4)
    • (2008) Biol. Philos , vol.23 , pp. 317-345
    • Aunger, R.1    Curtis, V.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.