Epidemiology and health care reform

American Journal of Public Health

Volumn 101, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 438-447

  Weisz, George ^a  

^a MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CHRONIC DISEASE; HEALTH CARE POLICY; HEALTH STATUS; HEALTH SURVEY; HISTORY; HUMAN; UNITED STATES;

CHRONIC DISEASE; HEALTH CARE REFORM; HEALTH STATUS; HEALTH SURVEYS; HISTORY, 20TH CENTURY; HUMANS; POPULATION SURVEILLANCE; UNITED STATES;

EID: 79951717538     PISSN: 00900036     EISSN: 15410048     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2010.196519     Document Type: Article

References (69)

1. I.Fisher, National Conservation Commission. A Report on National Vitality, Its Wastes and Conservation (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1909).
2. An effort by Billings in 1890 to get doctors to report chronic illnesses aroused violent opposition. Compare "Doctors Will Not Reply; The Census Disease Queries to Be Ignored," New York Times, May 28, 1890, p. 8 (ProQuest Historical Newspapers).
3. "Disease in the Census," Washington Post, May 24, 1890, p. 4 (ProQuest Historical Newspapers).
4. Some of its complex organizational features are described in P.J. Funigiello, Chronic Politics: Health Care Security From FDR to George W. Bush (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2005), 24-29.
5. H. S. Cumming, "Chronic Disease as a Public Health Problem," Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly 14, no. 2 (1936): 125-131, 127.
6. A. Derickson, Health Security for All: Dreams of Universal Health Care in America (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005), 42-56.
7. M. Terris Introduction in C. E. A. Winslow Evolution and Significance of the Modern Public Health Campaign (South Burlington, VT: Journal of Public Health Policy 1984); reprint of Winslow's book initially published in 1923 by Yale University Press.
8. J. Eyler, "Health Statistics in Historical Perspective," in Health Statistics: Shaping Policy and Practice to Improve the Population's Health, ed. D. J. Friedman, E. L. Hunter, and R. G. Parrish (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005), 42.
9. This and other material is based on documents in Collection of Isidore S. Falk Papers, Yale University, Sterling Memorial Library, Manuscripts and Archives, Manuscript Group Number 1039 of the Contemporary Medical Care and Health Policy Collection. Falk eventually published a book on this subject himself. See I. S. Falk, Security Against Sickness: A Study of Health Insurance (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, Doran, 1936).
10. Social Security Online, "The Committee on Economic Security," available at http://www.ssa.gov/history/reports/ces/cesbasic.html (accessed December 1, 2009).
11. Social Security Online, "Members of the Committee, Advisory Boards and Staff," available at http://www.ssa.gov/history/reports/ces/ces6.html (accessed December 1, 2009).
12. Falk papers, transcript, oral history interview conducted by Peter A. Corning, part 1 (copyright, Columbia University), 1965. Series 5: Box 172; File 2634, pp. 196-197.
13. Associated Press, "New Deal Surveys Life on 700 Fronts," New York Times, January 12, 1936, p. N1 (Pro- Quest Historical Newspapers).
14. Falk Papers, Series 2: Box 39; File 133, letter of August 22, 1935, Sydenstricker to Falk.
15. Falk Papers, Series 2: Box 39; File 133.
16. "A Progress Report on a Plan of Analysis for the Survey of Chronic Disease in the United States," Falk Papers, Series 2: Box 39; File 139.
17. National Library of Medicine, George St. John Perrott Papers: MS 370, Box 1 folder 4, Interview with Perrott by Peter Corner, 1966, pp. 21-22.
18. Falk Papers, Series 2: Box 43; File 321; Letter of May 28, 1935 from Falk to L. Thomson.
19. Cumming, "Chronic Disease," 128.
20. N. Krieger, Embodying Inequality Epidemiologic Perspectives (New York: Baywood Publishing Company, 2005), 39-42.
21. E. Sydenstricker, "A Study of Illness in a General Population Group: Hagerstown Morbidity Studies No. I: The Method of Study and General Results," Public Health Reports 41, no. 39 (1926): 2069-2088, 2083-2084.
22. E. Sydenstricker, Health and Environment (New York: Arno Press and the New York Times, 1972; originally published in 1933).
23. Ibid, 86-88.
24. E.Sydenstricker, "Economic Status and the Incidence of Illness: Hagerstown Morbidity Studies No. X: Gross and Specific Illness Rates by Age and Cause Among Persons Classified According to Family Economic Status," Public Health Reports 44, no. 30 (1929): 1821-1833, 1827.
25. Ibid, 1827.
26. I.S. Falk, M. C. Klem, and N. Sinai, The Incidence of Illness and the Receipt and Costs of Medical Care Among Representative Families (New York: Arno Press, 1976).
27. Sydenstricker, Health and Environment, 38.
28. S. D. Collins, "The Incidence and Causes of Illness at Specific Ages," Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly 13, no. 4 (1935): 320-338.
29. G. S. J. Perrott and S. D. Collins, "Relation of Sickness to Income and Income Change in 10 Surveyed Communities: Health and Depression Studies No. 1: Method of Study and General Results for Each Locality," Public Health Reports 50, no. 18 (1935): 595-622.
30. On Sydenstricker's exclusion of African Americans from his health studies, and on his early interest in the economic burden of illness, see H. M. Marks, "Epidemiologists Explain Pellagra: Gender, Race, and Political Economy in the Work of Edgar Sydenstricker," Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences 58, no. 1 (2003): 34-55. (Pubitemid 39130274)
31. Perrott and Collins, "Relation of Sickness to Income," 595.
32. Perrott and Collins, "Relation of Sickness to Income," Ibid, 607.
33. Perrott and Collins, "Relation of Sickness to Income," Ibid.
34. Perrott and Collins, "Relation of Sickness to Income," Ibid, 607, 619.
35. Perrott and Collins, "Relation of Sickness to Income," Ibid, 622.
36. J. Roche, "Cost of Depression in Health Revealed," New York Times, September 15, 1935, p. E10.
37. J. Roche, "Cost of Depression in Health Revealed," New York Times, 1935, p. E10 Ibid.
38. E .P. Boas and N. Michelsohn, The Challenge of Chronic Diseases (New York: Macmillan Company, 1929).
39. G. H. Bigelow and H. L. Lombard, Cancer and Other Chronic Diseases in Massachusetts (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1933).
40. Social Security Online, "CES Report on Health Insurance: The Unpublished 1935 Report on Health insurance & Disability," March 7, 1935, Committee on Economic Security, available at http://www.socialsecurity. gov/history/ reports/health.html (accessed December 2, 2009).
41. C. E. A. Winslow, "Public Health at the Crossroads," American Journal of Public Health 16, no. 11 (1926): 1075- 1085.
42. A.J. Viseltear, "Emergence of theMedical Care Section of the AmericanPublic Health Association, 1926-1948," American Journal of PublicHealth 63, no 11 (1973): 986-1007.
43. Bigelow and Lombard, Cancer and Other Chronic Diseases.
44. G. A. Soper, G. H. Bigelow, and H. F. Vaughan, "What Official Public Health Agencies Should Do About Cancer," American Journal of Public Health 17, no. 11 (1927): 1135-1141.
45. For example, see M. C. Jarrett, Chronic Illness in New York City (New York: Published for the Welfare Council of New York City by Columbia University Press, 1933).
46. Also compare Report on Chronic Disease in New Jersey (Trenton: New Jersey Department of Institutions and Agencies, 1932).
47. G. S. J. Perrott and H. C. Griffin, "An Inventory of the Serious Disabilities of the Urban Relief Population," Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly 14, no. 3 (1936): 213-241, 216.
48. G. S. J. Perrott and H. C. Griffin, "An Inventory of the Serious Disabilities of the Urban Relief Population," Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly 14, no. 3 (1936): Ibid, 218.
49. E. Sydenstricker, "Surgeon General's Report on Health and Depression Study," Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly 14, no. 3 (1936): 205-208, 207.
50. Ibid, 207-208.
51. G. S. J. Perrott, "The State of the Nation's Health," Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 188 (1936): 131-143.
52. E. Sydenstricker, The Challenge of Facts; Selected Public Health Papers of Edgar Sydenstricker (New York: Published for the Milbank Memorial Fund by PRODIST, 1974), 169.
53. E. Sydenstricker, "A Study of Illness in a General Population Group: Hagerstown Morbidity Studies No. I: The Method of Study and General Results," Public Health Reports 41, no. 39 (1926): 2069-2088, 2074.
54. E. Sydenstricker, "A Study of Illness in a General Population Group: Hagerstown Morbidity Studies No. I: The Method of Study and General Results," Public Health Reports 41, no. 39 (1926) Ibid 2074.
55. E. Sydenstricker, "The Incidence of Various Diseases According to Age: Hagerstown Morbidity Studies No. VIII," Public Health Reports 20 (1928): 1124-1156, 1125.
56. Perrott, "The State of the Nation's Health," 138.
57. Perrott, "The State of the Nation's Health," Ibid, 139-140.
58. Perrott, "The State of the Nation's Health," Ibid, 140-141.
59. F. E. Linder, "National Health Survey," Science 127 (1958): 1275-1280, 1277.
60. J. Roche, "Economic Health and Public Health Objectives," American Journal of Public Health and the Nation's Health 25 (1935): 1181-1185, 1183.
61. Preliminary Reports, Bulletin 6: The Magnitude of the Chronic Disease Problem in the United States (Washington, DC: National Health Survey, 1938 [revised 1939]), 2.
62. "6 Million Found Ill in Day by Survey of National Health," New York Times, January 17, 1938, p. 1 (ProQuest Historical Newspapers).
63. Preliminary Reports, Bulletin 6, 12.
64. Interview with Perrott by Peter Corner, 1966, p. 39.
65. A. Haywood, "The National Health Survey-In the Beginning," Public Health Reports 96, no. (1981): 195-199.
66. J. Downes, "Findings of the Study of Chronic Disease in the Eastern Health District of Baltimore," Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly 22 (1944): 337-351.
67. E. D. Berkowitz, Rehabilitation: The Federal Government's Response to Disability, 1935-1954 (New York: Arno Press, 1980), 43.
68. D. M. Fox, review of P.|J. Funigiello's Chronic Politics, American Historical Review 112 (2007): 248-249.
69. Association American Hospitals and American Public Welfare Association, Institutional Care of the Chronically Ill: A Report of the Joint Committee on Hospital Care of American Hospital Association and American Public Welfare Association / Michael M. Davis, Chairman (Chicago: American Public Welfare Association, 1940)