Back pain in the young athlete

Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review

Volumn 19, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 7-16

  Gurd, David P ^a  

^a LERNER RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATHLETE; BACKACHE; CLINICAL EXAMINATION; DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; HUMAN; INTERVERTEBRAL DISK HERNIA; MUSCLE STRAIN; NEOPLASM; PHYSICAL EXAMINATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SCHEUERMANN DISEASE; SCOLIOSIS; SPONDYLOLISTHESIS; SPONDYLOLYSIS;

ADOLESCENT; ATHLETES; ATHLETIC INJURIES; BACK PAIN; BONE DEVELOPMENT; CHILD; DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; GROWTH PLATE; HUMANS; INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT; MEDICAL HISTORY TAKING; OSTEOBLASTOMA; OSTEOMA, OSTEOID; PHYSICAL EXAMINATION; SCHEUERMANN DISEASE; SCOLIOSIS; SPINAL FRACTURES; SPINAL NEOPLASMS; SPONDYLOLISTHESIS; SPONDYLOLYSIS; SPORTS; SPRAINS AND STRAINS;

EID: 79951628545     PISSN: 10628592     EISSN: 15381951     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/JSA.0b013e318205e373     Document Type: Review

References (66)

1. Burton AK, Clarke RD, McClune TD, et al. The natural history of low back pain in adolescents. Spine. 1996;21: 2323-2328. (Pubitemid 26362113)
2. Hensinger R. Back pain in children. In: Bradford HR, ed. The pediatric spine. New York: Thieme; 1985:445-461.
3. Turner PG, Green JH, Galasko CS. Back pain in childhood. Spine. 1989;14:812-814. (Pubitemid 19227735)
4. Kaspiris A, Grivas TB, Zafiropoulou C, et al. Nonspecific low back pain during childhood: a retrospective epidemiological study of risk factors. J Clin Rheumatol. 2010;16:55-60.
5. Feldman DS, Hedden DM, Wright JG. The use of bone scan to investigate back pain in children and adolescents. J Pediatr Orthop. 2000;20:790-795.
6. Bhatia NN, Chow G, Timon SJ, et al. Diagnostic modalities for the evaluation of pediatric back pain: a prospective study. J Pediatr Orthop. 2008;28:230-233. (Pubitemid 351498932)
7. Fairbank JC, Pynsent PB, Van Poortvliet JA, et al. Influence of anthropometric factors and joint laxity in the incidence of adolescent back pain. Spine. 1984;9:461-464. (Pubitemid 14069035)
8. Olsen TL, Anderson RL, Dearwater SR, et al. The epidemiology of low back pain in an adolescent population. Am J Public Health. 1992;82:606-608.
9. Harreby M, Neergaard K, Hesselsoe G, et al. Are radiologic changes in the thoracic and lumbar spine of adolescents risk factors for low back pain in adults? A 25-year prospective cohort study of 640 school children. Spine. 1995;20:2298-2302.
10. Micheli LJ. Treating low back pain in young athletes. BackLetter. 1992;6:1.
11. Gunzburg R, Balague F, Nordin M, et al. Low back pain in a population of school children. Eur Spine J. 1999;8:439-443. (Pubitemid 30080563)
12. Siambanes D, Martinez JW, Butler EW, et al. Influence of school backpacks on adolescent back pain. J Pediatr Orthop. 2004;24:211-217. (Pubitemid 38269116)
13. Skoffer B. Low back pain in 15- to 16-year-old children in relation to school furniture and carrying of the school bag. Spine. 2007;32:E713-E717. (Pubitemid 350135400)
14. Skaggs DL, Early SD, D'Ambra P, et al. Back pain and backpacks in school children. J Pediatr Orthop. 2006;26: 358-363. (Pubitemid 44357064)
15. Balague F, Dutoit G, Waldburger M. Low back pain in schoolchildren. An epidemiological study. Scand J Rehabil Med. 1988;20:175-179. (Pubitemid 19011967)
16. Cardon G, Balague F. Low back pain prevention's effects in school children. What is the evidence? Eur Spine J. 2004;13: 663-679. (Pubitemid 40416832)
17. Balague F, Nordin M, Skovron ML, et al. Nonspecific low back pain among schoolchildren: a field survey with analysis of some associated factors. J Spinal Disord. 1994;7:374-379. (Pubitemid 24298118)
18. Lynch AM, Kashikar-Zuck S, Goldschneider KR, et al. Psychosocial risks for disability in children with chronic back pain. J Pain. 2006;7:244-251.
19. Feldman DE, Shrier I, Rossignol M, et al. Risk factors for the development of low back pain in adolescence. Am J Epidemiol. 2001;154:30-36. (Pubitemid 32565683)
20. Auerbach JD, Ahn J, Zgonis MH, et al. Streamlining the evaluation of low back pain in children. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2008;466:1971-1977.
21. Sanpera I Jr, Beguiristain-Gurpide JL. Bone scan as a screening tool in children and adolescents with back pain. J Pediatr Orthop. 2006;26:221-225. (Pubitemid 44357090)
22. Feldman DS, Straight JJ, Badra MI, et al. Evaluation of an algorithmic approach to pediatric back pain. J Pediatr Orthop. 2006;26:353-357. (Pubitemid 44357063)
23. Morita T, Ikata T, Katoh S, et al. Lumbar spondylolysis in children and adolescents. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1995;77: 620-625.
24. Congeni J. Evaluating spondylolysis in adolescent athletes. J Musculoskel Med. 2000;17:123-129.
25. American Academy of Pediatrics. Guidelines for pediatricians: lower back pain in athletes. Sports Shorts. 2004;1-2.
26. Takemitsu M, El Rassi G, Woratanarat P, et al. Low back pain in pediatric athletes with unilateral tracer uptake at the pars interarticularis on single photon emission computed tomography. Spine. 2006;31:909-914.
27. Kurd MF, Patel D, Norton R, et al. Nonoperative treatment of symptomatic spondylolysis. J Spinal Disord Tech. 2007;20: 560-564. (Pubitemid 350211587)
28. Buck JE. Direct repair of the defect in spondylolysis. Preliminary report. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1970;52:432-437.
29. Nicol RO, Scott JH. Lytic spondylolysis. Repair by wiring. Spine. 1986;11:1027-1030. (Pubitemid 17049559)
30. Bradford DS, Iza J. Repair of the defect in spondylolysis or minimal degrees of spondylolisthesis by segmental wire fixation and bone grafting. Spine. 1985;10:673-679. (Pubitemid 16210001)
31. Morscher E, Gerber B, Fasel J. Surgical treatment of spondylolisthesis by bone grafting and direct stabilization of spondylolysis by means of a hook screw. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 1984;103:175-178. (Pubitemid 14032123)
32. Meyerding HW. Spondylolisthesis. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1932;54:371-377.
33. Dickson RA. Spine: spondylolisthesis. Curr Orthop. 1998;12:273-282. (Pubitemid 29010089)
34. Frennered AK, Danielson BI, Nachemson AL. Natural history of symptomatic isthmic low-grade spondylolisthesis in children and adolescents: a seven-year follow-up study. J Pediatr Orthop. 1991;11:209-213.
35. Radcliff KE, Kalantar SB, Reitman CA. Surgical management of spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis in athletes: indications and return to play. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2009;8:35-40.
36. Wiltse LL, Bateman JG, Hutchinson RH, et al. The paraspinal sacrospinalis-splitting approach to the lumbar spine. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1968;50:919-926.
37. Boxall D, Bradford DS, Winter RB, et al. Management of severe spondylolisthesis in children and adolescents. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1979;61:479-495. (Pubitemid 10161976)
38. Frennered AK, Danielson BI, Nachemson AL, et al. Midterm follow-up of young patients fused in situ for spondylolisthesis. Spine. 1991;16:409-416.
39. Seitsalo S. Operative and conservative treatment of moderate spondylolisthesis in young patients. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1990; 72:908-913. (Pubitemid 20286037)
40. Seitsalo S, Osterman K, Hyvarinen H, et al. Severe spondylolisthesis in children and adolescents. A long term-review of fusion in situ. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1990;72:259-265. (Pubitemid 20087434)
41. Boachie-Adjei O, Do T, Rawlins BA. Partial lumbosacral kyphosis reduction, decompression, and posterior lumbosacral transfixation in high-grade isthmic spondylolisthesis. Clinical and radiographic results in six patients. Spine. 2002;27: E161-E168.
42. Edwards CC, Bradford DS. Instrumented reduction of spondylolisthesis. Spine. 1994;19:1535-1537. (Pubitemid 24226893)
43. Boos N, Marchesi D, Zuber K, et al. Treatment of severe spondylolisthesis by reduction and pedicular fixation: a 4-6- year follow-up study. Spine. 1993;18:1655-1661. (Pubitemid 23280314)
44. Ani N, Keppler L, Biscup RS, et al. Reduction of high-grade slips (grades Hi-V) with VSP(R) instrumentation: report of a series of 41 cases. Spine. 1991;16:S302-S310.
45. Molinari RW, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, et al. Complications in the surgical treatment of pediatric high-grade, isthmic dysplatic spondylolisthesis. A comparison of three surgical approaches. Spine. 1999;24:1701-1710.
46. Sorensen K. Scheuermann's juvenile kyphosis: clinical appearances, radiography, aetiology, and prognosis. Copenhagen: Munksgaard; 1964:11-222.
47. Keithoff KB, Gundry CR, Burton CV, et al. Juvenile discogenic disease. Spine. 1994;19:335-340. (Pubitemid 24071118)
48. Callahan DJ, Pack LL, Bream RC, et al. Intervertebral disc impingement syndrome in a child: report of a case and suggested pathology. Spine. 1986;11:402-404.
49. Epstein JA, Epstein NE, Marc J, et al. Lumbar intervertebral disk herniation in teenage children: recognition and management of associated anomalies. Spine. 1984;9:427-432. (Pubitemid 14098384)
50. Webb JH, Svien HJ, Kennedy RLJ. Protruded lumbar intervertebral disks in children. JAMA. 1954;63:1153-1154.
51. Parisini P, Di Silvestre M, Greggi T, et al. Lumbar disc excision in children and adolescents. Spine. 2001;26:1997-2000. (Pubitemid 32852094)
52. Bick EM, Copel JW. The ring apophysis of the human vertebra. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1951;33:783-787.
53. Sovio OM, Bell HM, Beauchamp RD, et al. Fracture of the lumbar vertebral apophysis. J Pediatr Orthop. 1985;5:550-552. (Pubitemid 15019321)
54. Chang C, Lee Z, Chen W, et al. Clinical significance of ring apophysis fracture in adolescent lumbar disc herniation. Spine. 2008;33:1750-1754.
55. Shaskan G, Simons SM. Thoracic apophyseal avulsion fracture in an adolescent football player. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2008;7:33-34.
56. Delamarter RB, Sachs BL, Thompson GH, et al. Primary neoplasms of the thoracic and lumbar spine: an analysis of 29 consecutive cases. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1990;256: 87-100. (Pubitemid 20230461)
57. Cioni R, Armillotta N, Bargellini I, et al. CT-guided radiofrequency ablation of osteoid osteoma: long-term results. Eur Radiol. 2004;14:1203-1208. (Pubitemid 38979213)
58. Boriani S, Capanna R, Donati D, et al. Osteoblastoma of the spine. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1992;278:37-45.
59. Kabler HA, Syska BE, Springer BL, et al. Ependymoma as a cause of low back pain in a young healthy athlete. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2008;24:685-687.
60. Simmons ED, Zheng Y. Vertebral tumors: surgical versus nonsurgical treatment. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2006;443: 233-247. (Pubitemid 44348588)
61. Weinstein SL. Idiopathic scoliosis natural history. Spine. 1986; 11:780-783.
62. Ramirez N, Johnston CE, Browne RH. The prevalence of back pain in children who have idiopathic scoliosis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1997;70:364-368. (Pubitemid 27136645)
63. Williams L. Volleyball. In: Watkins RG, ed. The Spine in Sports. St Louis: Mosby-Year Book, Inc; 1996:522-526.
64. Micheli LJ. Sports following spinal surgery in the young athlete. Clin Orthop. 1985;198:152-157. (Pubitemid 16248256)
65. Harvey J, Tanner S. Low back pain in young athletes: a practical approach. Sports Med. 1991;12:394-406.
66. Jones MA, Stratton G, Reilly T, et al. Recurrent non-specific low back pain in adolescents: the role of exercise. Ergonomics. 2007;50:1680-1688. (Pubitemid 47542861)