Sensitivity of stratospheric Bry to uncertainties in very short lived substance emissions and atmospheric transport

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics

Volumn 11, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 1379-1392

  Schofield, R ^a   Fueglistaler, S ^b,c   Wohltmann, I ^a   Rex, M ^a  

^a ALFRED WEGENER INSTITUTE FOR POLAR AND MARINE RESEARCH   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

^c PRINCETON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT; BROMINE; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; STRATOSPHERE; TROPOSPHERE; UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS;

EID: 79951601789     PISSN: 16807316     EISSN: 16807324     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/acp-11-1379-2011     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Andreae, M. O., Atlas, E., Harris, G. W., Helas, G., deKock, A., Koppmann, R., Maenhaut, W., Manø, S., Pollock, W. H., Rudolph, J., Scharffe, D., Schebeske, G., and Welling, M.: Methyl halide emissions from savanna fires in southern Africa, J. Geophys. Res., 101, D19, 23603-23613, 1996.
2. Aschmann, J., Sinnhuber, B. M., Atlas, E. L., and Schauffler, S. M.: Modeling the transport of very short-lived substances into the tropical upper troposphere and lower stratosphere, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 23, 9237-9247, doi:10.5194/acp-9-9237-2009, 2009.
3. Aschmann, J., Sinnhuber, B. M., Chipperfield, M. P., and Hos-saini, R.: Impact of deep convection and dehydration on bromine loading in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 11, 121-162, doi:10.5194/acpd-11-121-2011, 2011.
4. Carpenter, L. J., Jones, C. E., Dunk, R. M., Hornsby, K. E., and Woeltjen, J.: Air-sea fluxes of biogenic bromine from the tropical and North Atlantic Ocean, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 1805-1816, doi:10.5194/acp-10-4611-2010, 2009.
5. Dessler, A. E.: The effect of deep, tropical convection on the tropical tropopause layer, J. Geophys. Res., 107(D3), 4033, doi:10.1029/2001JD000511, 2002.
6. Dessler, A. E., Hanisco, T. F., and Fueglistaler, S.: Effects of convective ice lofting on H2O and HDO in t (Pubitemid 350142596)
7. Dorf, M., Butler, J. H., Butz, A., Camy-Peyret, C., Chipperfield, M. P., Kritten, L., Montzka, S. A., Simmes, B., Weidner, F., and Pfeilsticker, K.: Long-term observations of stratospheric bromine reveal slow down in growth, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L24803, doi:10.1029/2006gl027714, 2006. (Pubitemid 47277818)
8. Dvortsov, V. L., Geller, M. A., Solomon, S., Schauffler, S. M., Atlas, E. L., and Blake, D. R.: Rethinking reactive halogen budgets in the midlatitude lower stratosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 1699-1702, 1999. (Pubitemid 29511425)
9. ECMWF: Integrated forecast system CY33r1 Documentation, Part IV: Physical Processes, chap. 5: Convection, p. 69, http://www. ecmwf.int/research/ifsdocs/ CY33r1/index.html, 2008.
10. Folkins, I., Bernath, P., Boone, C., Lesins, G., Livesey, N., Thompson, A. M., Walker, K., and Witte, J. C.: Seasonal cycles of O-3, CO, and convective outflow at the tropical tropopause, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L16802, doi:10.1029/2006GL026602, 2006. (Pubitemid 44945751)
11. Fueglistaler, S., Wernli, H., and Peter, T.: Tropical troposphere-to-stratosphere transport inferred from trajectory calculations, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D03108, doi:10.1029/2003JD004069, 2004.
12. Fueglistaler, S., Dessler, A. E., Dunkerton, T. J., Folkins, I., Fu, Q., and Mote, P. W.: Tropical Tropopause Layer, Rev. Geophys., 47, RG1004, doi:10.1029/2008rg000267, 2009.
13. Gettelman, A., Lauritzen, P. H., Park, M., and Kay, J. E.: Processes regulating short-lived species in the tropical tropopause layer, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D13303, doi:10.1029/2009jd011785, 2009.
14. Hendrick, F., Van Roozendael, M., Chipperfield, M. P., Dorf, M., Goutail, F., Yang, X., Fayt, C., Hermans, C., Pfeilsticker, K., Pommereau, J. P., Pyle, J. A., Theys, N., and De Maziére, M.: Retrieval of stratospheric and tropospheric BrO profiles and columns using ground-based zenith-sky DOAS observations at Harestua, 60 degrees N, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 18, 4869-4885, doi:10.5194/acp-7-4869-2007, 2007. (Pubitemid 47462147)
15. Hoskins, B. J.: Towards a PV-Theta view of the general-circulation, Tellus, 43, 4, 27-35, 1991.
16. Hossaini, R., Chipperfield, M. P., Monge-Sanz, B. M., Richards, N. A. D., Atlas, E., and Blake, D. R.: Bromoform and dibro-momethane in the tropics: a 3-D model study of chemistry and transport, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 2, 719-735, doi:10.5194/acp-10-719-2010, 2010.
17. James, R., Bonazzola, M., Legras, B., Surbled, K., and Fueglistaler, S.: Water vapor transport and dehydration above convective outflow during Asian monsoon, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L20810, doi:10.1029/2008GL035441, 2008.
18. Kerkweg, A., Jöckel, P., Warwick, N., Gebhardt, S., Brenninkmei-jer, C. A. M., and Lelieveld, J.: Consistent simulation of bromine chemistry from the marine boundary layer to the stratosphere -Part 2: Bromocarbons, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 19, 5919-5939, doi:10.5194/acp-8-5919-2008, 2008.
19. Laube, J. C., Engel, A., Bönisch, H.and Mobius, T., Worton, D. R., Sturges, W. T., Grunow, K., and Schmidt, U.: Contribution of very short-lived organic substances to stratospheric chlorine and bromine in the tropics - a case study, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 23, 7325-7334, doi:10.5194/acp-8-7325-2008, 2008.
20. Law, K. S. and Sturges, W. T.: Halogenated very short-lived substances, chap. 2, 572 pp., World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2007.
21. Lee, A. M., Jones, R. L., Kilbane-Dawe, I., and Pyle, J. A.: Diagnosing ozone loss in the extratropical lower stratosphere, J. Geo-phys. Res., 107, D11, 4110, doi:10.1029/2001JD000538, 2002.
22. Liang, Q., Stolarski, R. S., Kawa, S. R., Nielsen, J. E., Douglass, A.R., Rodriguez, J. M., Blake, D. R., Atlas, E. L., and Ott, L. E.: Finding the missing stratospheric Br-y: a global modeling study of CHBr3 and CH2Br2, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 5, 2269-2286, doi:10.5194/acp-10-2269-2010, 2010.
23. Livesey, N. J., Kovalenko, L. J., Salawitch, R. J., MacKenzie, I. A., Chipperfield, M. P., Read, W. G., Jarnot, R. F., and Waters, J. W.: EOS Microwave Limb Sounder observations of upper stratospheric BrO: Implications for total bromine, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L20817, doi:10.1029/2006gl026930, 2006. (Pubitemid 44941746)
24. Montzka, S. A., Butler, J. H., Hall, B. D., Mondeel, D. J., and Elkins, J. W.: A decline in tropospheric organic bromine, Geo-phys. Res. Lett., 30, 15, 1826, doi:10.1029/2003gl017745, 2003.
25. Romps, D. M. and Kuang, Z. M.: Do Undiluted Convective Plumes Exist in the Upper Tropical Troposphere?, J. Atmos. Sci., 67(2), 468-484, doi:10.1175/2009jas3184.1, 2010.
26. Salawitch, R. J., Weisenstein, D. K., Kovalenko, L. J., Sioris, C. E., Wennberg, P. O., Chance, K., Ko, M. K. W., and McLinden, C. A.: Sensitivity of ozone to bromine in the lower stratosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L05811, doi:10.1029/2004GL021504, 2005. (Pubitemid 40815135)
27. Schofield, R., Kreher, K., Connor, B. J., Johnston, P., Thomas, A., Shooter, D., Chipperfield, M., Rodgers, C. D., and Mount, G.: Retrieved tropospheric and stratospheric BrO columns over Lauder, New Zealand, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D14304, doi:10.1029/2003JD004463, 2004. (Pubitemid 39364475)
28. Schofield, R., Johnston, P. V., Thomas, A., Kreher, K., Connor, B.J., Wood, S., Shooter, D., Chipperfield, M. P., Richter, A., von Glasow, R., and Rodgers, C. D.: Tropospheric and strato spheric BrO columns over Arrival Heights, Antarctica, 2002, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D22310, doi:10.1029/ 2005JD007022, 2006. (Pubitemid 47386240)
29. Simmons, A. J., Uppala, S., Dee, D., and Kobayashi, S.: ERA Interim: New ECMWF reanalysis products from 1989 onwards, ECMWF Newsl., 110, 25-35, 2007.
30. Sinnhuber, B. M. and Folkins, I.: Estimating the contribution of bro-moform to stratospheric bromine and its relation to dehydration in the tropical tropopause layer, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 4755-4761, doi:10.5194/acp-6-4755-2006, 2006. (Pubitemid 44627502)
31. Sinnhuber, B. M., Arlander, D. W., Bovensmann, H., Burrows, J. P., Chipperfield, M. P., Enell, C. F., Frieß, U., Hendrick, F., Johnston, P. V., Jones, R. L., Kreher, K., Mohamed-Tahrin, N., Müller, R., Pfeilsticker, K., Platt, U., Pommereau, J, P., Pundt, I., Richter, A., South, A., Tørnkvist, K. K., Van Roozendael, M. Wagner, T., and Wittrock, F.: Comparison of measurements and model calculations of stratospheric bromine monoxide, J. Geo-phys. Res., 107(D19), 4398, doi:10.1029/2001JD000940, 2002. (Pubitemid 44793886)
32. Sinnhuber, B. M., Rozanov, A., Sheode, N., Afe, O. T., Richter, A., Sinnhuber, M., Wittrock, F., Burrows, J. P., Stiller, G. P., von Clarmann, T., and Linden, A.: Global observations of stratospheric bromine monoxide from SCIAMACHY, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L20810, doi:10.1029/2005GL023839, 2005. (Pubitemid 41782744)
33. Sioris, C. E., Kovalenko, L. J., McLinden, C. A., Salawitch, R. J., Van Roozendael, M., Goutail, F., Dorf, M., Pfeilsticker, K., Chance, K., von Savigny, C., Liu, X., Kurosu, T. P., Pommereau, J. P., Bosch, H., and Frerick, J.: Latitudinal and vertical distribution of bromine monoxide in the lower stratosphere from Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Char-tography limb scattering measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D14301, doi:10.1029/2005jd006479, 2006. (Pubitemid 46055353)
34. Theys, N., Van Roozendael, M., Errera, Q., Hendrick, F., Daerden, F., Chabrillat, S., Dorf, M., Pfeilsticker, K., Rozanov, A., Lotz, W., Burrows, J. P., Lambert, J. C., Goutail, F., Roscoe, H. K., and De Maziére, M.: A global stratospheric bromine monoxide climatology based on the BASCOE chemical transport model, At-mos. Chem. Phys., 9(3), 831-848, doi:10.5194/acp-9-831-2009, 2009.
35. Tost, H., Lawrence, M. G., Brühl, C., Jöckel, P., Team, G., and Team, S.-O.-D. A.: Uncertainties in atmospheric chemistry modelling due to convection parameterisations and subsequent scavenging, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 4, 1931-1951, doi:10.5194/acp-10-1931-2010, 2010.
36. von Glasow, R., von Kuhlmann, R., Lawrence, M. G., Platt, U., and Crutzen, P. J.: Impact of reactive bromine chemistry in the troposphere, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 4, 2481-2497, doi:10.5194/acp-4-2481-2004, 2004. (Pubitemid 40191225)
37. Warwick, N. J., Pyle, J. A., Carver, G. D., Yang, X., Savage, N. H., O'Connor, F. M., and Cox, R. A.: Global modeling of biogenic bromocarbons, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D24305, doi:10.1029/2006jd007264, 2006. (Pubitemid 47260800)
38. WMO: Scientific assessment of ozone depletion, 2006 : report of the Montreal Protocol Scientific Assessment Panel, Tech. rep., WMO Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project - Report No. 50, 2006.
39. Wofsy, S. C., McElroy, M. B., and Yung, Y. L.: The Chemistry of Atmospheric Bromine, Geophys. Res. Lett., 2, 215-218, 1975.
40. Wohltmann, I. and Rex, M.: Improvement of vertical and residual velocities in pressure or hybrid sigma-pressure coordinates in analysis data in the stratosphere, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 2, 265-272, doi:10.5194/acp-8-265-2008, 2008.
41. Yang, X., Cox, R. A., Warwick, N. J., Pyle, J. A., Carver, G. D., O'Connor, F. M., and Savage, N. H.: Tropospheric bromine chemistry and its impacts on ozone: A model study, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D23311, doi:10.1029/2005jd006244, 2005. (Pubitemid 43141272)
42. Yokouchi, Y., Hasebe, F., Fujiwara, M., Takashima, H., Shiotani, M., Nishi, N., Kanaya, Y., Hashimoto, S., Fraser, P., Toom-Sauntry, D., Mukai, H., and Nojiri, Y.: Correlations and emission ratios among bromoform, dibromochloromethane, and dibro-momethane in the atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D23309, doi:10.1029/2005jd006303, 2005. (Pubitemid 43141270)