Evidence for minimal oxygen heterogeneity in the healthy human pulmonary acinus

Journal of Applied Physiology

Volumn 110, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 528-537

  Swan, Annalisa J ^a   Tawhai, Merryn H ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF AUCKLAND   (New Zealand)

Author keywords

Acinar gas mixing; Alveolar gas; Gas exchange; Mathematical modeling; Oxygen diffusion

Indexed keywords

OXYGEN;

ARTICLE; BIOLOGICAL MODEL; COMPUTER SIMULATION; HUMAN; LUNG ALVEOLUS; LUNG GAS EXCHANGE; METABOLISM; OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; PHYSIOLOGY; REFERENCE VALUE;

COMPUTER SIMULATION; HUMANS; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; OXYGEN; OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; PULMONARY ALVEOLI; PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE; REFERENCE VALUES;

EID: 79851498252     PISSN: 87507587     EISSN: 15221601     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00888.2010     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Bastacky J, Goerke J. Pores of Kohn are filled in normal lungs: low-temperature scanning electron microscopy. J Appl Physiol 73:88-95, 1992.
2. Ben-Tal A. Simplified models for gas exchange in the human lungs. J Theor Biol 238:474-495, 2006. (Pubitemid 41828445)
3. Billings BH. American Institute of Physics Handbook (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill, 1963.
4. Bowes C, Cumming G, Horsfield K, Loughhead J, Preston S. Gas mixing in a model of the pulmonary acinus with asymmetrical alveolar ducts. J Appl Physiol 52:624-633, 1982. (Pubitemid 12041105)
5. Chakraborty S, Balakotaiah V, Bidani A. Multiscale model for pulmonary oxygen uptake and its application to quantify hypoxemia in hepatop-ulmonary syndrome. J Theor Biol 244:190-207, 2007. (Pubitemid 44779632)
6. Clark AR, Burrowes KS, Tawhai MH. Contribution of serial and parallel microperfusion to spatial variability in pulmonary inter-and intra-acinar blood flow. J Appl Physiol 108:1116-1126, 2010.
7. Cotes JE, Chinn DJ, Miller MR. Lung Function (6th ed.). Oxford: Blackwell, 2006.
8. 2 washout. Respir Physiol 110:47-56, 1997. (Pubitemid 27438271)
9. Davidson M, Engel L. Gas transport in an asymmetrical acinus. Bull Eur Physiopath Respir 18:203-214, 1982. (Pubitemid 12143515)
10. Engel L, Paiva M. Analyses of sequential filling and emptying of the lung. Respir Physiol 45:309-321, 1981. (Pubitemid 11007486)
11. Engel LA. Gas mixing within the acinus of the lung. J Appl Physiol 54:609-618, 1983. (Pubitemid 13115057)
12. Felici M, Filoche M, Straus C, Similowski T, Sapoval B. Diffusional screening in real 3D human acini-a theoretical study. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 145:279-293, 2005. (Pubitemid 40215659)
13. Flumerfelt RW, Crandall ED. An analysis of external respiration in man. Math Biosci 3:205-230, 1968.
14. Forster RE. The Lung: Physiologic Basis of Pulmonary Function Tests (3rd ed.). Chicago: Year Book Medical, 1986.
15. Gehr P, Bachofen M, Weibel ER. The normal human lung: ultrastructure and morphometric estimation of diffusion capacity. Respir Physiol 32:121-140, 1978. (Pubitemid 8295531)
16. Grodins FS, Buell J, Bart AJ. Mathematical analysis and digital simulation of the respiratory control system. J Appl Physiol 22:260-276, 1967.
17. Guyton AC, Hall JE. Textbook Of Medical Physiology. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1996.
18. Haefeli-Bleuer B, Weibel ER. Morphometry of the human pulmonary acinus. Anat Rec 220:401-414, 1988.
19. Hlastala MP, Robertson HT. Complexity in Structure and Function of the Lung, vol. 121 of Lung Biology in Health and Disease. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1998.
20. Keener J, Sneyd J. Mathematical Physiology. Berlin: Springer, 1998.
21. Kelman GR. Digital computer subroutine for the conversion of oxygen tension into saturation. J Appl Physiol 21:1375-1376, 1966.
22. Krogh A, Lindhard J. The volume of the dead space in breathing and the mixing of gases in the lungs of man. J Physiol 51:59-90, 1917.
23. Liu CH, Niranjan SC, Clark JW Jr, San KY, Zwischenberger JB, Bidani A. Airway mechanics, gas exchange, and blood flow in a nonlinear model of the normal human lung. J Appl Physiol 84:1447-1469, 1998. (Pubitemid 28158715)
24. Luijendijk SCM, Zwart A, de Vries WR, Salet WM. The sloping alveolar plateau at synchronous ventilation. Pflügers Arch 384:267-277, 1980. (Pubitemid 10100504)
25. Paiva M. Computation of the boundary conditions for diffusion in the human lung. Comput Biomed Res 5:585-595, 1972.
26. Paiva M, Engel LA. Pulmonary interdependence of gas transport. J Appl Physiol 47:296-305, 1979. (Pubitemid 10241303)
27. Paiva M, Engel LA. Model analysis of intra-acinar gas exchange. Respir Physiol 62:257-272, 1985. (Pubitemid 16199898)
28. Read J. Stratification of ventilation and blood flow in the normal lung. J Appl Physiol 21:1521-1531, 1966.
29. Sapoval B, Filoche M, Weibel ER. Smaller is better but not too small: a physical scale for the design of the mammalian pulmonary acinus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99:10411-10416, 2002.
30. Scherer PW, Shendalman LH, Greene NM. Simultaneous diffusion and convection in single breath lung washout. Bull Math Biophys 34:393-412, 1972.
31. Staub NC, Bishop JM, Forster RE. Importance of diffusion and chemical reaction rates in O2 uptake in the lung. J Appl Physiol 17:21-27, 1962.
32. Swan A, Hunter P, Tawhai M. Pulmonary gas exchange in anatomically-based models of the lung. In: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. New York: Springer, 2008, vol. 605, p. 184-189.
33. Tanabe N, Todoran TM, Zenk GM, Bunton BR, Wagner WW Jr, Presson RG Jr. Perfusion heterogeneity in the pulmonary acinus. J Appl Physiol 84:933-938, 1998. (Pubitemid 28110623)
34. Tawhai MH, Hunter PJ. Characterising respiratory airway gas mixing using a lumped parameter model of the pulmonary acinus. Respir Physiol 127:241-248, 2001. (Pubitemid 32720509)
35. Tipton CM. ACSMs Advanced Exercise Physiology. Philadelphia: Lip-pincott Williams and Wilkins, 2006.
36. Verbanck S, Paiva M. Model simulations of gas mixing and ventilation distribution in the human lung. J Appl Physiol 69:2269-2279, 1990.
37. Wagner P, McRae J, Read J. Stratified distribution of blood flow in secondary lobule of the rat lung. J Appl Physiol 22:1115-1123, 1967.
38. 2 time courses in pulmonary capillaries. J Appl Physiol 33:62-71, 1972.
39. Weibel ER. Morphometry of the Human Lung. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1963.
40. Weibel ER. Design and morphometry of the pulmonary gas exchanger. In: The Lung: Scientific Foundations (2nd ed.), edited by Crystal RG, West JB, Weibel ER, and Barnes PJ. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven, 1997, vol. 1, p. 1147-1157.
41. Weibel ER, Federspiel WJ, Fryder-Doffey F, Hsia CCW, König M, Stalder-Navarro V, Vock R. Morphometric model for pulmonary diffusing capacity I. Membrane diffusing capacity. Respir Physiol 93:125-149, 1993. (Pubitemid 23278347)
42. Weibel ER, Sapoval B, Filoche M. Design of peripheral airways for efficient gas exchange. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 148:3-21, 2005. (Pubitemid 41132747)
43. West JB. Ventilation-perfusion inequality and overall gas exchange in computer models of the lung. Respir Physiol 7:88-110, 1969.
44. West JB. Respiratory Physiology: The Essentials (6th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2000.
45. West JB, Maloney JE, Castle BL. Effect of stratified inequality of blood flow on gas exchange in liquid-filled lungs. J Appl Physiol 32:357-361, 1972.
46. Young I, Mazzone RW, Wagner PD. Identification of functional lung unit in the dog by graded vascular embolization. J Appl Physiol 49:132-141, 1980. (Pubitemid 10043031)