메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 45, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 1034-1040

Formation of PCDD/Fs from the copper oxide-mediated pyrolysis and oxidation of 1,2-dichlorobenzene

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

1 ,2-DICHLOROBENZENE; CHLORINATED PHENOLS; COMBUSTION SYSTEMS; DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; DIBENZOFURANS; DICHLOROBENZENES; DICHLOROPHENOLS; ELEMENTAL CARBON; IDENTICAL CONDITIONS; LABORATORY STUDIES; MONOCHLOROPHENOLS; OXIDATIVE CONDITIONS; PCDD/FS; POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZOFURANS; PYROLYTIC CONDITION; SURFACE MEDIATED REACTION;

EID: 79851476617     PISSN: 0013936X     EISSN: 15205851     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/es102948f     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (58)

References (63)
  • 1
    • 0032005297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metals as catalysts during the formation and decomposition of chlorinated dioxins and furans in incineration processes
    • Olie, K. ; Addink, R. ; Schoonenboom, M. Metals as catalysts during the formation and decomposition of chlorinated dioxins and furans in incineration processes. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 1998, 48 (2), 101-105. (Pubitemid 28110739)
    • (1998) Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association , vol.48 , Issue.2 , pp. 101-105
    • Olie, K.1    Addink, R.2    Schoonenboom, M.3
  • 2
    • 0030928370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Formation of aromatic chlorinated compounds catalyzed by copper and iron
    • DOI 10.1016/S0045-6535(97)00109-4, PII S0045653597001094
    • Ismo, H. ; Kari, T. ; Juhani, R. Formation of aromatic chlorinated compounds catalyzed by copper and iron. Chemosphere 1997, 34 (12), 2649-2662. (Pubitemid 27281227)
    • (1997) Chemosphere , vol.34 , Issue.12 , pp. 2649-2662
    • Ismo, H.1    Kari, T.2    Juhani, R.3
  • 4
    • 20744458403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Homologue and isomer patterns of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans from phenol precursors: Comparison with municipal waste incinerator data
    • DOI 10.1021/es048224v
    • Ryu, J. Y. ; Mulholland, J. A. ; Kim, D. H. ; Takeuchi, M. Homoloque and isomer patterns of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dihenzofurans from phenol precursors: Comparison with municipal waste incinerator data. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2005, 39 (12), 4398-4406. (Pubitemid 40853121)
    • (2005) Environmental Science and Technology , vol.39 , Issue.12 , pp. 4398-4406
    • Ryu, J.-Y.1    Mulholland, J.A.2    Kim, D.H.3    Takeuchi, M.4
  • 5
    • 0037992648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of copper chloride on formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins in model waste incineration
    • DOI 10.1016/S0045-6535(02)00717-8
    • Hatanaka, T. ; Imagawa, T. ; Takeuchi, A. Effects of copper chloride on formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins in model waste incineration. Chemosphere 2003, 51 (10), 1041-1046. (Pubitemid 36569455)
    • (2003) Chemosphere , vol.51 , Issue.10 , pp. 1041-1046
    • Hatanaka, T.1    Imagawa, T.2    Takeuchi, M.3
  • 6
    • 0030024459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chlorophenol reactions on fly ash. 1. Adsorption/desorption equilibria and conversion to polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins
    • DOI 10.1021/es9502583
    • Milligan, M. S. ; Altwicker, E. R. Chlorophenol reactions on fly ash 0. 1. Adsorption desorption equilibria and conversion to polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1996, 30 (1), 225-229. (Pubitemid 26024945)
    • (1996) Environmental Science and Technology , vol.30 , Issue.1 , pp. 225-229
    • Milligan, M.S.1    Altwicker, E.R.2
  • 7
    • 0027306154 scopus 로고
    • Fly ash mediated reactions of phenol and monochlorophenols: Oxychlorination, deep oxidation, and condensation
    • Born, J. G. P. ; Mulder, P. ; Louw, R. Fly-Ash Mediated Reactions of Phenol and Monochlorophenols - Oxychlorination, Deep Oxidation, and Condensation. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1993, 27 (9), 1849-1863. (Pubitemid 23272255)
    • (1993) Environmental Science and Technology , vol.27 , Issue.9 , pp. 1849-1863
    • Born, J.G.P.1    Mulder, P.2    Louw, R.3
  • 8
    • 0025818364 scopus 로고
    • Some laboratory experimental-designs for obtaining dynamic property data on dioxins
    • Altwicker, E. R. Some Laboratory Experimental-Designs for Obtaining Dynamic Property Data on Dioxins. Sci. Total Environ. 1991, 104 (1-2), 47-72.
    • (1991) Sci. Total Environ. , vol.104 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 47-72
    • Altwicker, E.R.1
  • 9
    • 0027183005 scopus 로고
    • The relationship between de novo synthesis of polychlorinated dibenzo-p- dioxins and dibenzofurans and low-temperature carbon gasification in fly ash
    • Milligan, M. S. ; Altwicker, E. The Relationship between DeNovo Synthesis of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-P-Dioxins and Dibenzofurans and Low-Temperature Carbon Gasification in Fly-Ash. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1993, 27 (8), 1595-1601. (Pubitemid 23240956)
    • (1993) Environmental Science and Technology , vol.27 , Issue.8 , pp. 1595-1601
    • Milligan, M.S.1    Altwicker, E.2
  • 10
    • 0025076032 scopus 로고
    • The role of particulate carbon in the de-novo synthesis of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and -furans in fly-ash
    • Stieglitz, L. ; Zwick, G. ; Beck, J. ; Bautz, H. ; Roth, W. The Role of Particulate Carbon in the Denovo Synthesis of Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins and Dibenzofurans in Fly-Ash. Chemosphere 1990, 20 (10-12), 1953-1958. (Pubitemid 20321168)
    • (1990) Chemosphere , vol.20 , Issue.10-12 , pp. 1953-1958
    • Stieglitz, L.1    Zwick, G.2    Beck, J.3    Bautz, H.4    Roth, W.5
  • 11
    • 0024327781 scopus 로고
    • On the de-novo synthesis of PCDD/PCDF on fly ash of municipal waste incinerators
    • Stieglitz, L. ; Zwick, G. ; Beck, J. ; Roth, W. ; Vogg, H. On the DeNovo Synthesis of PCDD/PCDF on Fly-Ash of Municipal Waste Incinerators. Chemosphere 1989, 18 (1-6), 1219-1226. (Pubitemid 19177921)
    • (1989) Chemosphere , vol.18 , Issue.1-6 , pp. 1219-1226
    • Stieglitz, L.1    Zwick, G.2    Beck, J.3    Roth, W.4    Vogg, H.5
  • 12
    • 34250851474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Different catalytic effects by copper and chromium on the formation and degradation of chlorinated aromatic compounds in fly ash
    • Oeberg, T. ; Bergbaeck, B. ; Oeberg, E. Different Catalytic Effects by Copper and Chromium on the Formation and Degradation of Chlorinated Aromatic Compounds in Fly Ash. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2007, 41 (10), 3741-3746.
    • (2007) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.41 , Issue.10 , pp. 3741-3746
    • Oeberg, T.1    Bergbaeck, B.2    Oeberg, E.3
  • 13
    • 0031056412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans formation in incineration: Effects of fly ash and carbon source
    • DOI 10.1021/es960468v
    • Cains, P. W. ; McCausland, L. J. ; Fernandes, A. R. ; Dyke, P. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans formation in incineration: Effects of fly ash and carbon source. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1997, 31 (3), 776-785. (Pubitemid 27105982)
    • (1997) Environmental Science and Technology , vol.31 , Issue.3 , pp. 776-785
    • Cains, P.W.1    Mccausland, L.J.2    Fernandes, A.R.3    Dyke, P.4
  • 14
    • 0026702220 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative comparison of denovo and precursor formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-P-dioxins under simulated municipal solid-waste incinerator postcombustion conditions
    • Dickson, L. C. ; Lenoir, D. ; Hutzinger, O. Quantitative Comparison of Denovo and Precursor Formation of Polychlorinated Dibenzo- P-Dioxins under Simulated Municipal Solid-Waste Incinerator Postcombustion Conditions. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1992, 26 (9), 1822-1828.
    • (1992) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.26 , Issue.9 , pp. 1822-1828
    • Dickson, L.C.1    Lenoir, D.2    Hutzinger, O.3
  • 15
    • 0023653244 scopus 로고
    • Model studies of polychlorinated dibenzo-para-dioxin formation during municipal refuse incineration
    • 4816
    • Karasek, F. W. ; Dickson, L. C. Model Studies of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-Para-Dioxin Formation during Municipal Refuse Incineration. Science 1987, 237 (4816), 754-756.
    • (1987) Science , vol.237 , pp. 754-756
    • Karasek, F.W.1    Dickson, L.C.2
  • 16
    • 0028047462 scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in the catalyzed combustion of carbon
    • Luijk, R. ; Akkerman, D. M. ; Slot, P. ; Olie, K. ; Kapteijn, F. Mechanism of Formation of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and Dibenzofurans in the Catalyzed Combustion of Carbon. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1994, 28 (2), 312-321. (Pubitemid 24064303)
    • (1994) Environmental Science and Technology , vol.28 , Issue.2 , pp. 312-321
    • Luijk, R.1    Akkerman, D.M.2    Slot, P.3    Olie, K.4    Kapteijn, F.5
  • 17
    • 0036147326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The formation and emission of dioxins in large scale thermal processes
    • DOI 10.1016/S0045-6535(01)00143-6, PII S0045653501001436
    • Everaert, K. ; Baeyens, J. The formation and emission of dioxins in large scale thermal processes. Chemosphere 2002, 46 (3), 439-448. (Pubitemid 34073849)
    • (2002) Chemosphere , vol.46 , Issue.3 , pp. 439-448
    • Everaert, K.1    Baeyens, J.2
  • 18
    • 0842348054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The formation of dioxins in combustion systems
    • DOI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2003.11.004
    • Stanmore, B. R. The formation of dioxins in combustion systems. Combust. Flame 2004, 136 (3), 398-427. (Pubitemid 38169595)
    • (2004) Combustion and Flame , vol.136 , Issue.3 , pp. 398-427
    • Stanmore, B.R.1
  • 19
    • 32044458367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlation between PCDD/F, PCB and PCBz in coal/waste combustion. Influence of various inhibitors
    • DOI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.07.068, PII S0045653505009100
    • Pandelova, M. ; Lenoir, D. ; Schramm, K. W. Correlation between PCDD/F, PCB and PCBz in coal/waste combustion. Influence of various inhibitors. Chemosphere 2006, 62 (7), 1196-1205. (Pubitemid 43199500)
    • (2006) Chemosphere , vol.62 , Issue.7 , pp. 1196-1205
    • Pandelova, M.1    Lenoir, D.2    Schramm, K.-W.3
  • 20
    • 0023903328 scopus 로고
    • Reaction Pathways for the Formation of Polychloro-Dibenzo- dioxins (PCDD) and Polychloro-Dibenzofurans (PCDF) in Combustion Processes 0. 2. Chlorobenzenes and Chlorophenols as Precursors in the Formation of Polychloro-Dibenzodioxins and Polychloro-Dibenzofurans in Flame Chemistry
    • Ballschmiter, K. ; Braunmiller, I. ; Niemczyk, R. ; Swerev, M. Reaction Pathways for the Formation of Polychloro-Dibenzo- dioxins (PCDD) and Polychloro-Dibenzofurans (PCDF) in Combustion Processes 0. 2. Chlorobenzenes and Chlorophenols as Precursors in the Formation of Polychloro-Dibenzodioxins and Polychloro-Dibenzofurans in Flame Chemistry. Chemosphere 1988, 17 (5), 995-1005.
    • (1988) Chemosphere , vol.17 , Issue.5 , pp. 995-1005
    • Ballschmiter, K.1    Braunmiller, I.2    Niemczyk, R.3    Swerev, M.4
  • 21
    • 26044480865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An infrared and X-ray spectroscopic study of the reactions of 2-chiorophenol, 1,2-dichlorobenzene, and chlorobenzene with model CuO/silica fly ash surfaces
    • DOI 10.1021/es050063n
    • Alderman, S. L. ; Farquar, G. R. ; Poliakoff, E. D. ; Dellinger, B. An infrared and X-ray spectroscopic study of the reactions of 2-chlorophenol, 1, 2-dichlorobenzene, and chlorobenzene with model CuO/silica fly ash surfaces. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2005, 39 (19), 7396-7401. (Pubitemid 41407466)
    • (2005) Environmental Science and Technology , vol.39 , Issue.19 , pp. 7396-7401
    • Alderman, S.L.1    Farquar, G.R.2    Poliakoff, E.D.3    Dellinger, B.4
  • 22
    • 0028973831 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of formation and destruction of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in heterogeneous systems
    • Addink, R. ; Olie, K. Mechanisms of Formation and Destruction of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and Dibenzofurans in Heterogeneous Systems. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1995, 29 (6), 1425-1435.
    • (1995) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.29 , Issue.6 , pp. 1425-1435
    • Addink, R.1    Olie, K.2
  • 23
    • 77949407765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential for Misiden- tification of Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals as Molecular Pollutants in Particulate Matter
    • Truong, H. ; Lomnicki, S. ; Dellinger, B. Potential for Misiden- tification of Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals as Molecular Pollutants in Particulate Matter. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2010, 44, 1933-1939.
    • (2010) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.44 , pp. 1933-1939
    • Truong, H.1    Lomnicki, S.2    Dellinger, B.3
  • 24
    • 0028609964 scopus 로고
    • Formation of PCDFs during chlorination and oxidation of chlorobenzene in chlorine/oxygen mixtures around 340C
    • DOI 10.1016/0045-6535(94)90368-9
    • Sommeling, P. M. ; Mulder, P. ; Louw, R. Formation of PCDFs during chlorination and oxidation of chlorobenzenes in chlorine/ oxygen mixtures around 340 °C. Chemosphere 1994, 29, 2015-2018. (Pubitemid 124010183)
    • (1994) Chemosphere , vol.29 , Issue.10-11 , pp. 2015-2018
    • Sommeling, P.M.1    Mulder, P.2    Louw, R.3
  • 25
    • 0029482591 scopus 로고
    • Formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins dibenzofurans on fly-ash from precursors and carbon model compounds
    • Addink, R. ; Cnubben, P. A. J. P. ; Olie, K. Formation of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins Dibenzofurans on Fly-Ash from Precursors and Carbon Model Compounds. Carbon 1995, 33 (10), 1463-1471.
    • (1995) Carbon , vol.33 , Issue.10 , pp. 1463-1471
    • Addink, R.1    Cnubben, P.A.J.P.2    Olie, K.3
  • 26
    • 0030045957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polychlorinated benzene and polychlorinated phenol in heterogeneous combustion reactions of ethylene and ethane
    • DOI 10.1021/es9504810
    • Froese, K. L. ; Hutzinger, O. Polychlorinated benzene and polychlorinated phenol in heterogeneous combustion reactions of ethylene and ethane. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1996, 30 (3), 1009-1013. (Pubitemid 26073190)
    • (1996) Environmental Science and Technology , vol.30 , Issue.3 , pp. 1009-1013
    • Froese, K.L.1    Hutzinger, O.2
  • 27
    • 0030040507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polychlorinated benzene, phenol, dibenzo-p-dioxin, and dibenzofuran in heterogeneous combustion reactions of acetylene
    • DOI 10.1021/es9504808
    • Froese, K. L. ; Hutzinger, O. Polychlorinated benzene, phenol, dibenzo-p-dioxin, and dibenzofuran in heterogeneous combustion reactions of acetylene. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1996, 30 (3), 998-1008. (Pubitemid 26073189)
    • (1996) Environmental Science and Technology , vol.30 , Issue.3 , pp. 998-1008
    • Froese, K.L.1    Hutzinger, O.2
  • 28
    • 0033136145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental study on the thermal oxidation of chlorobenzene at 575-825 °C
    • DOI 10.1016/S0045-6535(98)00497-4, PII S0045653598004974
    • Fadli, A. ; Briois, C. ; Baillet, C. ; Sawerysyn, J. P. Experimental study on the thermal oxidation of chlorobenzene at 575-825 degrees C. Chemosphere 1999, 38 (12), 2835-2848. (Pubitemid 29134887)
    • (1999) Chemosphere , vol.38 , Issue.12 , pp. 2835-2848
    • Fadli, A.1    Briois, C.2    Baillet, C.3    Sawerysyn, J.-P.4
  • 29
    • 0025362187 scopus 로고
    • Chlorobenzene and dichlorobenzene reactions in hydrogen and in hydrogen/oxygen mixtures
    • Ritter, E. ; Bozzeli, J. W. Chlorobenzene and Dichlorobenzene Reactions in Hydrogen and in Hydrogen Oxygen Mixtures. Hazard. Waste Hazard. Mater. 1990, 7 (1), 103-115. (Pubitemid 20167248)
    • (1990) Hazardous Waste and Hazardous Materials , vol.7 , Issue.1 , pp. 103-115
    • Ritter, E.1    Bozzeli, J.W.2
  • 30
    • 0026806333 scopus 로고
    • Organic-compounds in the waste gasification and combustion process
    • Wienecke, J. ; Kruse, H. ; Wassermann, O. Organic-Compounds in the Waste Gasification and Combustion Process. Chemosphere 1992, 25 (4), 437-47.
    • (1992) Chemosphere , vol.25 , Issue.4 , pp. 437-47
    • Wienecke, J.1    Kruse, H.2    Wassermann, O.3
  • 34
    • 0000432855 scopus 로고
    • Design Aspects of a Modular Instrumentation System for Thermal Diagnostic Studies
    • Rubey, W. A. ; Grant, R. A. Design Aspects of a Modular Instrumentation System for Thermal Diagnostic Studies. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 1988, 59 (2), 265-269.
    • (1988) Rev. Sci. Instrum. , vol.59 , Issue.2 , pp. 265-269
    • Rubey, W.A.1    Grant, R.A.2
  • 36
    • 0035125721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2, condensation to PCDD/F and conversion into related compounds
    • DOI 10.1016/S0045-6535(00)00244-7, PII S0045653500002447
    • 2, condensation to PCDD/F and conversion into related compounds. Chemosphere 2001, 42 (5-7), 697-702. (Pubitemid 32150118)
    • (2001) Chemosphere , vol.42 , Issue.5-7 , pp. 697-702
    • Hell, K.1    Stieglitz, L.2    Altwicker, E.R.3    Addink, R.4    Will, R.5
  • 37
    • 0024450847 scopus 로고
    • Formation of dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans in homogenous gas-phase reactions of phenols
    • Born, J. G. P. ; Louw, R. ; Mulder, P. Formation OF dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans in homogenous gas-phase reactions of phenols. Chemosphere 1989, 19 (1-6), 401-406. (Pubitemid 19278630)
    • (1989) Chemosphere , vol.19 , Issue.1-6 , pp. 401-406
    • Born, J.G.P.1    Louw, R.2    Mulder, P.3
  • 38
    • 0038514467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2-catalyzed condensation of 2, 6 chlorinated phenols
    • 2-catalyzed condensation of 2, 6 chlorinated phenols. Combust. Sci. Technol. 2001, 169 (1), 107-126.
    • (2001) Combust. Sci. Technol. , vol.169 , Issue.1 , pp. 107-126
    • A, M.J.J.R.1
  • 39
    • 0038384682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A detailed mechanism of the surface- mediated formation of PCDD/F from the oxidation of 2-chlo- rophenol on a CuO/silica surface
    • Lomnicki, S. ; Dellinger, B. A detailed mechanism of the surface- mediated formation of PCDD/F from the oxidation of 2-chlo- rophenol on a CuO/silica surface. J. Phys. Chem. A 2003, 107 (22), 4387-4395.
    • (2003) J. Phys. Chem. A , vol.107 , Issue.22 , pp. 4387-4395
    • Lomnicki, S.1    Dellinger, B.2
  • 40
    • 0038319127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of expanded and core kinetic models for the gas phase formation of dioxins from chlorinated phenols
    • DOI 10.1016/S0045-6535(03)00230-3
    • Khachatryan, L. ; Asatryan, R. ; Dellinger, B. Development of expanded and core kinetic models for the gas phase formation ofdioxins from chlorinated phenols. Chemosphere2003, 52(4), 695-708. (Pubitemid 36693175)
    • (2003) Chemosphere , vol.52 , Issue.4 , pp. 695-708
    • Khachatryan, L.1    Asatryan, R.2    Dellinger, B.3
  • 42
    • 0035036216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The flux and mass balance of PCDD/F in a MSW incineration full scale plant
    • DOI 10.1016/S0045-6535(00)00428-8, PII S0045653500004288
    • Giugliano, M. ; Cernuschi, S. ; Grosso, M. ; Aloigi, E. ; Miglio, R. The flux and mass balance of PCDD/F in a mSw incineration full scale plant. Chemosphere 2001, 43 (4-7), 743-750. (Pubitemid 32405525)
    • (2001) Chemosphere , vol.43 , Issue.4-7 , pp. 743-750
    • Giugliano, M.1    Cernuschi, S.2    Grosso, M.3    Aloigi, E.4    Miglio, R.5
  • 43
    • 0025133178 scopus 로고
    • Concentrations of PCDD and PCDF in different points of a modern refuse incinerator
    • Mariani, G. ; Benfenati, E. ; Fanelli, R. Concentrations of PCDD and PCDF in Different Points of a Modern Refuse Incinerator. Chemosphere 1990, 21 (4-5), 507-517. (Pubitemid 20381473)
    • (1990) Chemosphere , vol.21 , Issue.4-5 , pp. 507-517
    • Mariani, G.1    Benfenati, E.2    Fanelli, R.3
  • 44
    • 0023707584 scopus 로고
    • Gas-chromatographic mass-spectrometric determination of chlorinated dibenzo-para-dioxins and dibenzofurans in incinerator stack emissions and fly-ash - a 13-test study
    • Clement, R. E. ; Tosine, H. M. ; Osborne, J. ; Ozvacic, V. ; Wong, G. Gas-Chromatographic Mass-Spectrometric Determination of Chlorinated Dibenzo-Para-Dioxins and Dibenzofurans in Incinerator Stack Emissions and Fly-Ash - A 13-Test Study. Biomed. Environ. Mass Spectrom. 1988, 17 (2), 81-96.
    • (1988) Biomed. Environ. Mass Spectrom. , vol.17 , Issue.2 , pp. 81-96
    • Clement, R.E.1    Tosine, H.M.2    Osborne, J.3    Ozvacic, V.4    Wong, G.5
  • 45
    • 0035884493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dioxin-like PCBs released from waste incineration and their deposition flux
    • DOI 10.1021/es001945j
    • Sakai, S. I. ; Hayakawa, K. ; Takatsuki, H. ; Kawakami, I. Dioxin-like PCBs released from waste incineration and their deposition flux. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2001, 35 (18), 3601-3607. (Pubitemid 32868404)
    • (2001) Environmental Science and Technology , vol.35 , Issue.18 , pp. 3601-3607
    • Sakai, S.-I.1    Hayakawa, K.2    Takatsuki, H.3    Kawakami, I.4
  • 46
    • 0035129162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of surrogate compounds for the emission of PCDD/F (I-TEQ value) and evaluation of their on-line realtime detectability in flue gases of waste incineration plants by REMPI-TOFMS mass spectrometry
    • DOI 10.1016/S0045-6535(00)00223-X, PII S004565350000223X
    • Blumenstock, M. ; Zimmermann, R. ; Schramm, K. W. ; Kettrup, A. Identification of surrogate compounds for the emission of PCDD/F (I-TEQ value) and evaluation of their on-line realtime detectability in flue gases of waste incineration plants by REMPI- TOFMS mass spectrometry. Chemosphere2001, 42 (5-7), 507-518. (Pubitemid 32150098)
    • (2001) Chemosphere , vol.42 , Issue.5-7 , pp. 507-518
    • Blumenstock, M.1    Zimmermann, R.2    Schramm, K.-W.3    Kettrup, A.4
  • 47
    • 62749159041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ferric oxide mediated formation of PCDD/Fs from 2-monochlorophenol
    • Nganai, S. ; Lomnicki, S. ; Dellinger, B. Ferric Oxide Mediated Formation of PCDD/Fs from 2-Monochlorophenol. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2009, 43 (2), 368-373.
    • (2009) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.43 , Issue.2 , pp. 368-373
    • Nganai, S.1    Lomnicki, S.2    Dellinger, B.3
  • 48
    • 46849091330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Copper oxide-based model of persistent free radical formation on combustion-derived particulate matter
    • DOI 10.1021/es071708h
    • Lomnicki, S. ; Truong, H. ; Vejerano, E. ; Dellinger, B. Copper oxide- based model of persistent free radical formation on combustion- derived particulate matter. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2008, 42(13), 4982-4988. (Pubitemid 351956442)
    • (2008) Environmental Science and Technology , vol.42 , Issue.13 , pp. 4982-4988
    • Lomnicki, S.1    Truong, H.2    Vejerano, E.3    Dellinger, B.4
  • 49
    • 0007985166 scopus 로고
    • Dioxin formation from tetrachlo- rophenol over fly ash under breakthrough conditions
    • Altwicker, E. ; Milligan, M. S. Dioxin formation from tetrachlo- rophenol over fly ash under breakthrough conditions. Organohalogen Compd. 1993, 11 (1026-4892), 269-272.
    • (1993) Organohalogen Compd. , vol.11 , Issue.1026-4892 , pp. 269-272
    • Altwicker, E.1    Milligan, M.S.2
  • 50
    • 0035866614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emission of nonchlorinated and chlorinated aromatics in the flue gas of incineration plants during and after transient disturbances of combustion conditions: Delayed emission effects
    • DOI 10.1021/es000143l
    • Zimmermann, R. ; Blumenstock, M. ; Heger, H. J. ; Schramm, K. W. ; Kettrup, A. Emission of nonchlorinated and chlorinated aromatics in the flue gas of incineration plants during and after transient disturbances of combustion conditions: Delayed emission effects. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2001, 35 (6), 1019-1030. (Pubitemid 32880818)
    • (2001) Environmental Science and Technology , vol.35 , Issue.6 , pp. 1019-1030
    • Zimmermann, R.1    Blumenstock, M.2    Heger, H.J.3    Schramm, K.-W.4    Kettrup, A.5
  • 51
    • 2142764424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emission characteristics of PCDD/Fs, PCBs, chlorobenzenes, chlorophe- nols, and PAHs from polyvinylchloride combustion at various temperatures
    • Kim, K. S. ; Hong, K. H. ; Ko, Y. H. ; Kim, M. G. Emission characteristics of PCDD/Fs, PCBs, chlorobenzenes, chlorophe- nols, and PAHs from polyvinylchloride combustion at various temperatures. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 2004, 54 (5), 555-562.
    • (2004) J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. , vol.54 , Issue.5 , pp. 555-562
    • Kim, K.S.1    Hong, K.H.2    Ko, Y.H.3    Kim, M.G.4
  • 52
    • 0032679460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimation of the dioxin emission (PCDD/FI-TEQ) from the concentration of low chlorinated aromatic compounds in the flue and stack gas of a hazardous waste incinerator
    • Blumenstock, M. ; Zimmermann, R. ; Schramm, K. W. ; Kaune, A. ; Nikolai, U. ; Lenoir, D. ; Kettrup, A. Estimation of the dioxin emission (PCDD/FI-TEQ) from the concentration of low chlorinated aromatic compounds in the flue and stack gas of a hazardous waste incinerator. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis 1999, 49 (1-2), 179-190.
    • (1999) J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis , vol.49 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 179-190
    • Blumenstock, M.1    Zimmermann, R.2    Schramm, K.W.3    Kaune, A.4    Nikolai, U.5    Lenoir, D.6    Kettrup, A.7
  • 53
    • 40949107966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Formation of chlorinated phenols, dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, benzenes, benzoquinnones and perchloroet- hylenes from phenols in oxidative and copper (II) chloride- catalyzed thermal process
    • Ryu, J. Y. Formation of chlorinated phenols, dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, benzenes, benzoquinnones and perchloroet- hylenes from phenols in oxidative and copper (II) chloride- catalyzed thermal process. Chemosphere 2008, 71 (6), 1100-1109.
    • (2008) Chemosphere , vol.71 , Issue.6 , pp. 1100-1109
    • Ryu, J.Y.1
  • 54
    • 33847634681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 or CuCl: Formation and destruction of PCDD/Fs
    • DOI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.05.096, PII S0045653506016055
    • 2 or CuCl: Formation and destruction of PCDD/Fs. Chemosphere 2007, 67 (9), S144-S149. (Pubitemid 46367152)
    • (2007) Chemosphere , vol.67 , Issue.9
    • Visez, N.1    Sawerysyn, J.-P.2
  • 55
    • 63749116715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of varying combustion conditions on PCDD/F emissions and formation during MSWincineration
    • Aurell, J. ; Marklund, S. Effects of varying combustion conditions on PCDD/F emissions and formation during MSWincineration. Chemosphere 2009, 75 (5), 667-673.
    • (2009) Chemosphere , vol.75 , Issue.5 , pp. 667-673
    • Aurell, J.1    Marklund, S.2
  • 57
    • 84964253624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Formation of polychlo- rinated naphthalenes from chlorophenols
    • Kim, D. H. ; Mulholland, J. A. ; Ryu, J. Y. Formation of polychlo- rinated naphthalenes from chlorophenols. Proc. Combust. Inst. 2005, 30, 1245-1253.
    • (2005) Proc. Combust. Inst. , vol.30 , pp. 1245-1253
    • Kim, D.H.1    Mulholland, J.A.2    Ryu, J.Y.3
  • 58
    • 17144440719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chlorinated aromatics from combustion: Influence of chlorine, combustion conditions, and catalytic activity
    • Oeberg, T. ; Oehrstroem, T. Chlorinated Aromatics from Combustion: Influence of Chlorine, Combustion Conditions, and Catalytic Activity. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2003, 37 (17), 3995-4000.
    • (2003) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.37 , Issue.17 , pp. 3995-4000
    • Oeberg, T.1    Oehrstroem, T.2
  • 59
    • 40949149444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Catalytic effects by metal oxides on the formation and degradation of chlorinated aromatic compounds in fly ash
    • DOI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.10.033, PII S0045653507012982
    • Oeberg, T. ; Bergbaeck, B. ; Filipsson, M. Catalytic effects by metal oxides on the formation and degradation of chlorinated aromatic compounds in fly ash. Chemosphere 2008, 71 (6), 1135-1143. (Pubitemid 351417643)
    • (2008) Chemosphere , vol.71 , Issue.6 , pp. 1135-1143
    • Oberg, T.1    Bergback, B.2    Filipsson, M.3
  • 62
    • 64749095264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms for formation, chlorination, dechlorination and destruction of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzo- furans (PCDD/Fs)
    • Altarawneh, M. ; Dlugogorski, B. Z. ; Kennedy, E. M. ; Mackie, J. C. Mechanisms for formation, chlorination, dechlorination and destruction of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzo- furans (PCDD/Fs). Prog. Energ Combust. 2009, 35 (3), 245-274.
    • (2009) Prog. Energ Combust. , vol.35 , Issue.3 , pp. 245-274
    • Altarawneh, M.1    Dlugogorski, B.Z.2    Kennedy, E.M.3    MacKie, J.C.4
  • 63
    • 0032641419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • And molecular growth of chlorinated hydrocarbons
    • Taylor, P. H. ; Dellinger, B. Pyrolysis and molecular growth of chlorinated hydrocarbons. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis 1999, 49 (1-2), 9-29.
    • (1999) J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis , vol.49 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 9-29
    • Taylor, P.H.1    Pyrolysis, D.B.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.