Patterns of Risk in Adult Protection Referrals for Sexual Abuse and People with Intellectual Disability

Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities

Volumn 24, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 118-132

  Cambridge, Paul ^a   Beadle Brown, Julie ^a   Milne, Alisoun ^a   Mansell, Jim ^a   Whelton, Beckie ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF KENT   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Adult protection; Intellectual disability; Monitoring data; Risk management; Safeguarding adults; Sexual abuse

Indexed keywords

EID: 79751492331     PISSN: 13602322     EISSN: 14683148     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3148.2010.00574.x     Document Type: Article

References (90)

1. Action on Elder Abuse (2006) Adult Protection Data Collection and Reporting Requirements. AEA, London.
2. Allington C. (1992) Sexual abuse within services for people with learning disabilities: staff's perceptions, understandings of and contact with the problems of sexual abuse. Mental Handicap 20, 59-63.
3. Ammerman R. & Baladerian N. (1993) Maltreatment of Children with Disabilities. National Committee to Prevent Child Abuse, Chicago.
4. ARC/NAPSAC (1993) It Could Never Happen Here: The prevention and Treatment of sexual Abuse of Adults with Learning Disabilities in Residential Settings. ARC/NAPSAC, London.
5. ARC/NAPSAC (1997) There are No Easy Answers: The Provision of Continuing Care and Treatment to Adults with Learning Disabilities who Sexually Abuse Others. ARC/NAPSAC, London.
6. Association of Directors of Social Services (2005) Safeguarding Adults: A National Framework for Standards for Good Practice and Outcomes in Adult Protection Work. Association of Directors of Social Services, London.
7. Aylett J. (2009) A model and strategy for multi-agency adult protection training in Kent and Medway. Journal of Adult Protection 11, 13-20.
8. Beadle-Brown J., Mansell J., Cambridge P., Milne A. & Whelton B. (in press) Adult protection of people with intellectual disabilities and challenging behaviour or mental health problems. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities doi.
9. Beail N. & Warden S. (1995) Sexual abuse of adults with learning disabilities. Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research 39, 382-387.
10. Bergh P., Hoekman J. & Ploeg D. (1997) Case File Research: Nature and Gravity of Sexual Abuse and the Work Method of an Advisory Team, NAPSAC Bulletin No. 18, January. University of Nottingham.
11. British Institute of Learning Disabilities (1994) People with Learning Disabilities at Risk of Physical or Sexual Abuse. BILD Seminar Papers No. 4. British Institute of Learning Disabilities, Kidderminster.
12. British Institute of Learning Disabilities (2001) Code of Practice for Trainers in the Use of Physical Intervention. British Institute of Learning Disabilities, Kidderminster.
13. Brown H. (1994) Establishing the incidence of abuse in services for people with learning disabilities. In: People with Learning Disabilities at Risk of Physical or Sexual Abuse (eds J. Harris & A. Craft), pp. 67-82. BILD Seminar Papers No. 4. British Institute of Learning Disabilities, Kidderminster.
14. Brown H. (2009) The process and function of serious case review. Journal of Adult Protection 11, 38-50.
15. Brown H. & Turk V. (1992) Defining sexual abuse as it affects adults with learning disabilities. Mental Handicap 20, 44-55.
16. Brown H. & Barry G. (1994) Taking Advantage; Sexual Abuse of Adults with Learning Disabilities. Criminal Lawyer Feb/March 5-7.
17. Brown H. & Stein J. (1998) Implementing adult protection policies in Kent and East Sussex. Journal of Social Policy 27, 371-396.
18. Brown H. & Stein J. (2000) Monitoring adult protection referrals in 10 English local authorities. Journal of Adult Protection 2, 19-31.
19. Brown H., Stein J. & Turk V. (1995) The sexual abuse of adults with learning-disabilities - report of a 2nd 2-year incidence survey. Mental Handicap Research 8, 3-24.
20. Buchanan A. & Wilkins R. (1991) Sexual abuse of the mentally handicapped: difficulties in establishing prevalence. Psychiatric Bulletin 15, 601-605.
21. Buckinghamshire County Council (1998) Independent Longcare Inquiry. Buckinghamshire County Council, Buckingham.
22. Cambridge P. (1996) Men with learning disabilities who have sex with men in public places: mapping the needs of services and users in South East London. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research 40, 241-251.
23. Cambridge P. (1997) How far to gay? The politics of HIV in learning disability. Disability and Society 12, 427-453.
24. Cambridge P. (1999) The first hit: a case study of the physical abuse of people with learning disabilities and challenging behaviours in a residential service. Disability and Society 12, 427-453.
25. Cambridge P. (2006) Developing policies, procedures and guidelines for intimate and personal care in services for people with learning disabilities. In: Intimate and Personal Care with People with Learning Disabilities (eds S. Carnaby & P. Cambridge), pp. 80-101. Jessica Kingsley, London.
26. Cambridge P. & Carnaby S. (2000) A personal touch: managing the risk of abuse during intimate and personal care. Journal of Adult Protection 2, 4-16.
27. Cambridge P. & Parkes T. (2004a) The case for case management in adult protection. Journal of Adult Protection 6, 4-14.
28. Cambridge P. & Parkes T. (2004b) Good enough decision-making? Improving decision-making in adult protection. Social Work Education 23, 711-729.
29. Cambridge P. & Parkes T. (2006a) The management and practice of joint adult protection investigations between health and social services: issues arising from a training intervention. Social Work Education 25, 842-837.
30. Cambridge P. & Parkes T. (2006b) The tension between mainstream competence and specialisation in adult protection: an evaluation of the role of the adult protection coordinator. British Journal of Social Work 36, 299-321.
31. Cambridge P., Beadle-Brown J., Milne A., Mansell J. & Whelton B. (2006) Exploring the Incidence, Risk Factors, Nature and Monitoring of Adult Protection Alerts. University of Kent, Tizard Centre, Canterbury.
32. Chamberlain A., Rauh J., Passer A., McGrath M. & Burket R. (1984) Issues in fertility control for mentally retarded female adolescents: 1. Sexual activity, sexual abuse and contraception. Paediatrics 73, 445-450.
33. Commission for Health Improvement (2003) Learning Disability Services - Bedfordshire and Luton Community NHS Trust: Investigation.The Stationery Office, London.
34. Commission for Social Care Inspection (2005) Safeguarding Adults Protocol and Guidance. Commission for Social Care Inspection, London.
35. Commission for Social Care Inspection (2006) Better Safe than Sorry: Improving the System that Safeguards Adults Living in Care Homes. Commission for Social Care Inspection, London.
36. Commission for Social Care Inspection and Healthcare Commission (2006) Joint Investigation into the Provision of Services for People with Learning Disabilities at Cornwall Partnership NHS Trust. Commission for Social Care Inspection/Healthcare Commission, London.
37. Council of Europe Committee of Ministers (2005) Resolution on Safeguarding Adults and Children with Disabilities Against Abuse: (Adopted by the Committee of Ministers on 2 February 2005 at the 913th meeting of the Ministers' Deputies). Council of Europe, Strasbourg.
38. Department of Health (2000) No Secrets: Guidance on Developing and Implementing Multi-Agency Policies and Procedures to Protect Vulnerable Adults from Abuse. Department of Health, London.
39. Department of Health (2004) Protection of Vulnerable Adults Scheme in England and Wales: A Practical Guide. Department of Health, London.
40. Department of Health (2006) Protection of Vulnerable Adults Scheme in England and Wales: A Practical Guide. Department of Health, London.
41. Department of Health (2008) Safeguarding Adults: A Consultation on the Review of No Secrets. Department of Health, London.
42. Department of Health (2009a) Safeguarding Adults: Report on the Consultation on the Review of No Secrets. Department of Health, London.
43. Department of Health (2009b) Transition from POVA to the Vetting and Barring Scheme. Department of Health, London.
44. Dunne T. & Power A. (1990) Sexual abuse and mental handicap: preliminary findings of a community based study. Mental Handicap Research 3, 111-125.
45. Elkins T., Gafford L., Wilks C., Muram D. & Golden G. (1986) A model clinic approach to the reproductive health concerns of the mentally handicapped. Obstetrics and Gynaecology 68, 185-188.
46. Elvidge F. & MacPhail G. (2009) The 'quality in care' model of quality assurance and safeguarding for older people in institutional care. Journal of Adult Protection 11, 28-37.
47. Goodrich C. S. (1997) Results of a national survey of state protective services programs: assessing risk and defining victim outcomes. Journal of Elder Abuse and Neglect 9, 69-86.
48. Gordon R. M. (1995) Adult guardianship and adult protection legislation in Canada: recent reforms and future problems. Canadian Journal of Aging 14, 89-102.
49. Hard S. & Plumb W. (1987) Sexual abuse of persons with developmental disabilities: a case study. Unpublished manuscript.
50. Harris J. (1996) Physical restraint procedures for managing challenging behaviours presented by mentally retarded adults and children. Research in Developmental Disabilities 17, 99-134.
51. Healthcare Commission (2007) Investigation into the Services Provided for People with Learning Disabilities by Sutton and Merton Primary Care Trust. Healthcare Commission, London.
52. Holland A. (2000) Ageing and learning disability. The British Journal of Psychiatry 176, 26-31.
53. Hollins S. (1994) Relationships between perpetrators and victims of physical and sexual abuse. In: People with Learning Disabilities at Risk of Physical or Sexual Abuse (eds J. Harris & A. Craft), pp. 83-94. Seminar Papers No. 4. British Institute of Learning Disabilities, Kidderminster.
54. Home Office (2000) Consultation Paper: Achieving Best Evidence in Criminal Proceedings - Guidance for Vulnerable or Intimidated Witnesses, Including Children. HMSO, London.
55. Horner-Johnson W. & Drum C. (2006) Prevalence of maltreatment of people with intellectual disabilities: a review of recently published research. Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities - Research Reviews 12, 57-69.
56. Kent and East Sussex Social Services (1998) AIMS for Adult Protection: The Investigator's Guide. Pavilion Publishing, Brighton.
57. Kent and Medway Adult Protection Committee (2005) Multi-Agency Adult Protection Protocols and Guidance for Kent and Medway. Kent Social Services Department, Maidstone.
58. Kurrle S., Sadler P., Lockwood K. & Cameron I. (1997) Elder abuse: prevalence, intervention and outcomes in patients referred to four Aged Care Assessment Teams. Medical Journal of Australia 166, 119-122.
59. Larkin S. & Fox A. (2010) Safeguarding policy and practice in Medway. Journal of Adult Protection 11, 12-17.
60. Lee-Treweek G. (1994) Bedroom abuse: the hidden work in a nursing home. Generations Review 4, 2-4.
61. MaCabe M. & Cummins E. (1996) The sexual knowledge, experience, feelings and needs of people with mild intellectual disability. Education and Training in Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities 31, 13-21.
62. Macintyre (1999) Macintyre undercover. BBC1, 16 November 1999.
63. Mansell J., Beadle-Brown J., Cambridge P., Milne A. & Whelton B. (2009) Adult protection: incidence of referrals, nature and risk factors in two English local authorities. Journal of Social Work 9, 23-38.
64. Manthorpe J. & Martineau S. (2009) Serious Case Reviews in Safeguarding Adults. Social Care Workforce Research Unit, University of London, London.
65. Martin J. (1984) Hospitals in Trouble. Blackwell, Oxford.
66. Matthews H. (1994) What staff need to know, It did happen here: sexual abuse and learning disability. Conference Proceedings, London, St George' Mental Health Library Conference Series.
67. McCarthy M. (1999) Sexuality and Women with Learning Disabilities. Jessica Kingsley, London.
68. McCarthy M. & Thompson D. (1996) Sexual abuse by design: an examination of the issues in learning disability services. Disability and Society 11, 205-217.
69. McCarthy M. & Thompson D. (1997) A prevalence study of sexual abuse of adults with intellectual disabilities referred for sex education. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities 10, 105-124.
70. McCarthy M. & Thompson D. (1998) Sex and the Three Rs: Rights, Risks and Responsibilities. Pavilion, Brighton.
71. McKeough C. (2009) Reflections and learning from adult protection policy development in Kent and Medway. Journal of Adult Protection 11, 6-12.
72. Mills O. (2009) Opportunities and challenges for safeguarding strategy. Journal of Adult Protection 4, 51-52.
73. Mixson P. M. (1995) An adult protective services perspective. Journal of Elder Abuse and Neglect 7, 69-87.
74. Morris P. (1969) Put Away. Routledge, London.
75. Murphy G. (2007) Intellectual disabilities, sexual abuse and sexual offending. In: The Handbook of Intellectual Disability and Clinical Psychology Practice (eds A. Carr, G. O'Reilly, P. Noonan Walsh & J. McEvoy), pp. 831-866. Routledge, London.
76. Powers L., Curry M. & Oschwald M. (2002) Barriers and strategies in addressing abuse: a survey of disabled women's experiences. Journal of Rehabilitation 68, 4-13.
77. Robb B. (1967) Sans Everything: A Case to Answer. Nelson, London.
78. Shearlock L. & Cambridge P. (2009) Working effectively with the police in safeguarding vulnerable adults: sharing experience from Somerset. Journal of Adult Protection 11, 6-19.
79. Sobsey D. (1994) Violence and Abuse in the Lives of People with Learning Disabilities. Brookes, London.
80. Sobsey D. & Varnhagen C. (1989) Sexual abuse and exploitation of people with disabilities: towards prevention and treatment. In: Special Education Across Canada (eds M. Capo & L. Gougen), pp. 199-218. Centre for Human Development and Research, Vancouver.
81. Stevens M., Hussein S., Martineau S., Harris J., Rapaport J. & Manthorpe J. (2006) The Protection of Vulnerable Adults List: An Investigation of Referral Patterns and Approaches to Decision-making. Social Care Workforce Research Unit, King's College, London.
82. Stromsness M. (1993) Sexually abused women with mental retardation: hidden victims, absent resources. Women and Therapy 14, 139-152.
83. Sumner K. (2002) No Secrets: The Protection of Vulnerable Adults from Abuse. Local Codes of Practice: Findings from an Analysis of Local Codes of Practice. Centre for Policy on Ageing, London.
84. Thompson D. (1994) Sexual experience and sexual identity for men with learning disabilities who have sex with men. Changes 12, 245-263.
85. Thompson D. & Brown H. (1998) Response-Ability: Working with Men with Learning Disabilities who have Difficult or Abusive Sexual Behaviours. Pavilion, Brighton.
86. Turk V. & Brown H. (1993) The sexual abuse of adults with learning disabilities: results of a two year incidence survey. Mental Handicap Research 6, 193-216.
87. Wardhaugh J. & Wilding P. (1993) Towards an explanation of the corruption of care. Critical Social Policy 37, 4-31.
88. White N. & Lawry T. (2009) Specialisation in adult protection in Kent Police and the role of the police in investigations. Journal of Adult Protection 11, 21-27.
89. Williams C. (1995) Invisible Victims: Crime and Abuse against People with Learning Difficulties. Jessica Kingsley, London.
90. World Health Organisation (2002) The Toronto Declaration on the Global Prevention of Elder Abuse. World Health Organization, Geneva.