Measurement and simulation of flow properties of coal ash slag in coal gasification

AIChE Journal

Volumn 57, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 801-818

  Song, Wenjia ^a   Sun, Yimin ^a   Wu, Yongqiang ^a   Zhu, Zibin ^a   Koyama, Shuntarou ^b  

^a EAST CHINA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (China)

^b Japan Coal Energy Center   (Japan)

Author keywords

Coal ash slag; Factsage; Flow properties; Gasification

Indexed keywords

COAL ASH SLAGS; COMPUTER THERMODYNAMICS; EINSTEIN EQUATIONS; EXPERIMENTAL DATA; FACTSAGE; FLOW PROPERTIES; HIGH TEMPERATURE; LIQUID PHASE; LIQUID SLAGS; LIQUIDUS TEMPERATURE; MEASUREMENT AND SIMULATION; NEW MODEL; SHEAR RATES; SOLID PARTICLES; THREE MODELS; VISCOSITY MODELS;

CARBONIZATION; COAL ASH; COAL GASIFICATION; COAL INDUSTRY; LIQUIDS; SHEAR DEFORMATION; SILICON COMPOUNDS; SLAGS; TEMPERATURE; VISCOMETERS; VISCOSITY;

COAL;

EID: 79551718959     PISSN: 00011541     EISSN: 15475905     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/aic.12293     Document Type: Article

References (67)

1. Key World Energy Statistics. International Energy Agency; Paris. 2009: 24.
2. International Energy Outlook. Energy Information Administration: Washington, DC. 2009: 49-54. ().
3. Wu HW, Li X, Hayashi J, Chiba T, Li C. Effects of volatile-char interactions on the reactivity of chars from NaCl-loaded Loy Yang brown coal. Fuel. 2005; 84: 1221-1228.
4. Fan LS, Jadhav RA. Clean coal technologies: OSCAR and CARBONOX commercial demonstrations. AIChE J. 2002; 48: 2115-2123.
5. Wee HL, Wu H, Zhang DK, French D. The effect of combustion conditions on mineral matter transformation and ash deposition in a utility boiler fired with a sub-bituminous coal. Proc Combust Inst. 2005; 30: 2981-2989.
6. Wee HL, Wu H, Zhang DK. Heterogeneity of ash deposits formed in a utility boiler during PF combustion. Energy Fuels. 2007; 21: 441-450.
7. Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle. Available at:
8. Beer JM. Combustion technology developments in power generation in response to environmental challenges. Progr Energy Combust Sci. 2000; 26: 301-327.
9. Higman C, Van Der Burgt M. Gasification, 2nd ed. Boston: Elsevier/Gulf Professional Publishing Publications, 2008.
10. Buhre BJP, Browning GJ, Gupta RP, Wall TF. Measurement of the viscosity of coal-derived slag using thermomechanical analysis. Energy Fuels. 2005; 19: 1078-1083.
11. Song W, Tang L, Zhu X, Wu Y, Rong Y, Zhu Z, Koyama S. Fusibility and flow properties of coal ash and slag. Fuel. 2009; 88: 297-304.
12. Ely FG, Barnhart DH. Coal ash: its effect on boiler availability. In: Lowry HH, editor. Chemistry of Coal Utilization. NewYork: Wiley, Inc., 1963: 821-891.
13. Groen JC, Brooker DD, Welch PJ, Oh MS. Gasification slag rheology and crystallization in titanium-rich, iron-calcium-aluminosilicate glasses. Fuel Process Technol. 1998; 56: 103-127.
14. Bryers RW. Fireside slagging, fouling, and high-temperature corrosion of heat-transfer surface due to impurities in steam-raising fuels. Progr Energy Combust Sci. 1996; 22: 29-120.
15. Forsbacka L, Holappa L, Iida T, Kita Y, Toda Y. Experimental study of viscosities of selected CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 slags and application of the Iida model. Scand J Metallurgy. 2003; 32: 273-280.
16. Nowok JW. Viscosity and phase transformation in coal ash slags near and below the temperature of critical viscosity. Energy Fuels. 1994; 8: 1324-1336.
17. Nowok JW. Viscosity and structural state of iron in coal ash slags under gasification conditions. Energy Fuels. 1995; 9: 534-539.
18. Jak E, Degterov S, Hayes PC, Pelton AD. Thermodynamic modelling of the system Al2O3-SiO2-CaO-FeO-Fe2O3 to predict the flux requirements for coal ash slags. Fuel. 1998; 77: 77-84.
19. Folkedahl BC, Schobert HH. Effects of atmosphere on viscosity of selected bituminous and low-rank coal ash slags. Energy Fuel. 2005; 19: 208-215.
20. Arvelakis S, Folkedahl B, Dam-Johansen KD, Hurley J. Studying the melting behavior of coal, biomass, and coal/biomass ash using viscosity and heated stage XRD data. Energy Fuels. 2006; 20: 1329-1340.
21. Shaw HR. Viscosity of magmatic silicate liquids: an empirical method of prediction. Am J Sci. 1972; 272: 870-893.
22. Senior CL, Srinivasachar S. Viscosity of ash particles in combustion systems for prediction of particle sticking. Energy Fuels. 1995; 9: 277-283.
23. Hurst HJ, Patterson JH, Quintanar A. Viscosity measurements and empirical predictions for some model gasifier slags-II. Fuel. 2000; 79: 1797-1799.
24. Browning GJ, Bryant GW, Hurst HJ, Lucas JA, Wall TF. An empirical method for the prediction of coal ash slag viscosity. Energy Fuels. 2003; 17: 731-737.
25. Weymann HD. Temperature dependence of viscosity. Kolloid Z Z Polymer. 1962; 181: 131-137.
26. Urbain G. Viscosity estimation of slags. Steel Res. 1987; 58: 111-116.
27. Kondratiev A, Jak E. Review of experimental data and modeling of the viscosities of fully liquid slags in the Al2O3-CaO-"FeO"-SiO2 system. Metallurg Mater Trans B. 2001; 32B: 1015-1025.
28. Kondratiev A, Jak E. Predicting coal ash slag flow characteristics. Fuel. 2001; 80: 1989-2000.
29. Hurst HJ, Novak F, Patterson JH. Viscosity measurements and empirical predictions for fluxed Australian bituminous coal ashes. Fuel. 1999; 78: 1831-1840.
30. Zhang L, Jahanshahi S. Review and modeling of viscosity of silicate melts: Part I viscosity of binary and ternary silicates containing CaO, MgO, and MnO. Metallurg Mater Trans B. 1998; 29B: 177-186.
31. Zhang L, Jahanshahi S. Review and modeling of viscosity of silicate melts: Part II. Viscosity of melts containing iron oxide in the CaO-MgO-MnO-FeO-Fe2O3-SiO2 system. Metallurg Mater Trans B. 1998; 29B: 187-195.
32. Seetharaman S, Sichen D. Viscosities of high temperature systems: a modeling approach. ISIJ Int. 1997; 37: 109-118.
33. Kondratiev A, Jak E. A quasi-chemical viscosity model for fully liquid slags in the Al2O3-CaO-"FeO"-SiO2 system. Metallurg Mater Trans B. 2005; 36B: 623-638.
34. Mills KC, Chapman L, Fox AB, Sridhar S. "Round robin" project on the estimation of slag viscosities. Scand J Metallurgy. 2001; 30: 396-403.
35. Watt JD. The flow properties of slags formed from the ashes of British coals: Part 2. The crystallizing behavior of the slags. J Inst Fuel. 1969; 42: 131-134.
36. Mills KC, Rhine JM. The measurement and estimation of the physical properties of slags formed during coal gasification. Fuel. 1989; 68: 193-200.
37. Bottinga Y, Weill DF. The viscosity of magmatic silicate liquids: a model calculation. Am J Sci. 1972; 272: 438-475.
38. Caricchi L, Burlini L, Ulmer P, Gerya T, Vassalli M, Papale P. Non-Newtonian rheology of crystal-bearing magmas and implications for magma ascent dynamics. Earth Planet Sci Lett. 2007; 264: 402-419.
39. Bournonville B, Nzihou A. Rheology of non-Newtonian suspensions of fly ash: effect of concentration, yield stress and hydrodynamic interactions. Powder Technol. 2002; 128: 148-158.
40. Einstein A. A Eine neue Bestimmung der Molekiildimensionen. Ann Phys. 1906; 19: 289-306.
41. Roscoe R. The viscosity of suspensions of rigid spheres. Br J Appl Phys. 1952; 3: 267-269.
42. Wright S, Zhang L, Sun S, Jahanshahi Viscosity of a CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 melt containing spinel particles at 1646 K. Metallurg Mater Trans B. 2000; 31B: 97-104.
43. Seetharaman S, Mukai K, Du S. Viscosities of slags-an overview. Steel Res Int. 2005; 76: 267-278.
44. Oh MS, Brooker DD, de Paz EF, Brady JJ, Decker TR. Effect of crystalline phase formation on coal slag viscosity. Fuel Process Technol. 1995; 44: 191-199.
45. Bale CW, Chartrand P, Degterov SA, Eriksson G, Hack K, Mahfoud RB, Melancon J, Pelton AD, Petersen S. FactSage thermochemical software and databases. Calphad. 2002; 26: 189-228.
46. Song WJ, Tang LH, Zhu XD, Wu YQ, Zhu ZB, Koyama S. Effect of coal ash composition on ash fusion temperatures. Energy Fuels. DOI: 10.1021/ef900537m.
47. Song WJ, Tang LH, Zhu XD, Wu YQ, Zhu ZB, Koyama S. Prediction of Chinese coal ash fusion temperatures in Ar and H2 atmospheres. Energy Fuels. 2009; 23: 1990-1997.
48. Zhang L, Ito M, Sato A, Ninomiya Y. Fate of alkali elements during pyrolysis and combustion of Chinese coals. J Chem Eng Jpn. 2003; 36: 759-768.
49. Watt JD. Fereday F. The flow properties of slags formed from the ashes of British coals: Part 1. Viscosity of homogeneous liquid slags in relation to slag composition. J Inst Fuel. 1969; 42: 99-103.
50. Urbain G, Boiret M. Viscosities of liquid silicates. Ironmaking Steelmaking. 1990; 17: 255-260.
51. Urbain G, Cambier F, Deletter M, Anseau MR. Viscosity of silicate melts. Trans J Br Ceram Soc. 1981; 80: 139-141.
52. Mills KC. Viscosities of Molten Slags. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1995.
53. Ishibashi H, Sato H. Viscosity measurements of subliquidus magmas: alkali olivine basalt from the Higashi-Matsuura district, Southest Japan. J Volcanol Geothermal Res. 2007; 160: 223-238.
54. Einstein A. Eine neue bestimmung der moleküldimensionen. Annalen der Physik. 1911; 34: 591-592.
55. Vand V. Viscosity of solution and suspensions. J Phys Colloid Chem. 1948; 52: 277-299.
56. Champallier R, Bystricky M, Arbaret L. Experimental investigation of magma rheology at 300 MPa: from pure hydrous melt to 76 vol % of crystals. Earth Planet Sci Lett. 2008; 267: 571-583.
57. Lejeune AM, Richet P. Rheology of crystal-bearing silicate melts: an experimental study at high viscosities. J Geophys Res. 1995; 100: 4215-4229.
58. Usui H, Kishimoto K, Suzuki H. Non-Newtonian viscosity of dense slurries prepared by spherical particles. Chem Eng Sci. 2001; 56: 2979-2989.
59. Chong JS, Christiansen EB, Baer AD. Rheology of concentrated suspensions. J Appl Polym Sci. 1971; 15: 2007-2021.
60. Jeffrey DJ, Acrivos A. The rheological properties of suspensions of rigid particles. AIChE J. 1976; 22: 417-432.
61. Donev A, Cisse I, Sachs D, Variano EA, Stillinger FH, Connelly R, Torquato S, Chaikin PM. Improving the density of jammed disordered parkings using ellipsoids. Science. 2004; 303: 990-993.
62. Marsh DB. On the crystallinity, probability of occurrence, and Rheology of lava and magma. Contrib Mineral Petrol. 1981; 78: 85-98.
63. Patterson JH, Hurst HJ. Slag Characteristics of Australian Bituminous Coals for Utilization in Slagging Gasifiers, Proceedings of workshop "Impact of coal quality on thermal coal utilization." Brisbane, Australia: CRC Black Coal Utilisation, 1996.
64. Harris DJ, Patterson JH. Use of Australian bituminous coals in IGCC power generation technologies. Aust Inst Energy News. 1995; 13: 22-32.
65. Bryant GW, Lucas JA, Gupta SK, Wall TF. Use of thermomechanical analysis to quantify the flux additions necessary for slag flow in slagging gasifiers fired with coal. Energy Fuels. 1998; 12: 257-261.
66. Vargas S, Frandsen FJ, Dam-Johansen K. Rheological properties of high-temperature melts of coal ashes and other silicates. Progr Energy Combust Sci. 2001; 27: 237-429.
67. Seggiani M. Empirical correlations of the ash fusion temperatures and temperature of critical viscosity for coal and biomass ashes. Fuel. 1999; 78: 1121-1125.