메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 79, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 139-153

Altitudinal and polar treelines in the northern hemisphere causes and response to climate change

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALTITUDE; BOREAL FOREST; CLIMATE CHANGE; ECONOMIC IMPACT; ECOTONE; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; HETEROGENEITY; INJURY; LITTLE ICE AGE; NORTHERN HEMISPHERE; PALEOCLIMATE; POLAR REGION; RECRUITMENT (POPULATION DYNAMICS); SEEDLING; SPATIAL ANALYSIS; SURVIVAL; TREELINE; TUNDRA; WARMING;

EID: 79551662519     PISSN: 00322490     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (43)

References (120)
  • 2
    • 13944262960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ACIA (Arctic Climate Impact Assessment) Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
    • ACIA (Arctic Climate Impact Assessment) (2004): Impacts of a warming Arctic: Arctic climate impact assessment.- Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1-144.
    • (2004) Impacts of A Warming Arctic: Arctic Climate Impact Assessment , pp. 1-144
  • 3
    • 1942476946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Directional positive feedback and pattern at an alpine tree line
    • Alftine, K.J. & Malanson, G.P. (2004): Directional positive feedback and pattern at an alpine tree line.- J. Vegetat. Sci. 15: 3-12.
    • (2004) J. Vegetat. Sci. , vol.15 , pp. 3-12
    • Alftine, K.J.1    Malanson, G.P.2
  • 5
    • 58149402204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mountain birch seedlings in the treeline ecotone, Subarctic Finland: Variation in above- And belowground growth depending on microtopography
    • Anschlag, K., Broil, G. & Holtmeier, F.-K. (2008) Mountain birch seedlings in the treeline ecotone, Subarctic Finland: Variation in above- and belowground growth depending on microtopography.- Arctic, Antarctic, Alpine Res. 40: 609-615.
    • (2008) Arctic, Antarctic, Alpine Res. , vol.40 , pp. 609-615
    • Anschlag, K.1    Broil, G.2    Holtmeier, F.-K.3
  • 6
    • 0242417544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental and spatial influences of shrub cover (Alnus viridis DC) on vegetation diversity at the upper treeline in the inner Western Alps
    • Anthelme, F., Michalet., R., Barbaro, L. & Brun, J.L. (2003): Environmental and spatial influences of shrub cover (Alnus viridis DC) on vegetation diversity at the upper treeline in the inner Western Alps.- Arctic, Antarctic, Alpine Res. 35: 48-55.
    • (2003) Arctic, Antarctic, Alpine Res. , vol.35 , pp. 48-55
    • Anthelme, F.1    Michalet, R.2    Barbaro, L.3    Brun, J.L.4
  • 7
    • 0013255603 scopus 로고
    • Grundlagen und Anwendung des vorläufigen WindSchnee-Ökogrammes
    • Aulitzky, H. (1963): Grundlagen und Anwendung des vorläufigen WindSchnee-Ökogrammes.- Mitteil. Forstl. Bundes-Versuchsanstalt Mariabrunn 60: 763-834.
    • (1963) Mitteil. Forstl. Bundes-Versuchsanstalt Mariabrunn , vol.60 , pp. 763-834
    • Aulitzky, H.1
  • 8
    • 57149130521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental factors controlling the position of the actual timberline and treeline on the fells of Finnish Lapland
    • Autio, J. (2006): Environmental factors controlling the position of the actual timberline and treeline on the fells of Finnish Lapland.- Acta Universitatis Ouluensis A Scientiae Rerum Naturalium 452.
    • (2006) Acta Universitatis Ouluensis A Scientiae Rerum Naturalium , pp. 452
    • Autio, J.1
  • 9
    • 25144524255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of elevation, topography and snow load damage of trees on the position of the actual timberline on the fells in central Finnish Lapland
    • Autio, J. & Colpaert, A. (2005): The impact of elevation, topography and snow load damage of trees on the position of the actual timberline on the fells in central Finnish Lapland.- Fennia 183: 15-36.
    • (2005) Fennia , vol.183 , pp. 15-36
    • Autio, J.1    Colpaert, A.2
  • 10
    • 34250211450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High solar radiation hinders tree regeneration above the alpine treeline in northern Ecuador
    • Bader, M. Y., van Geloof, I. & Rietkerk, M. (2008): High solar radiation hinders tree regeneration above the alpine treeline in northern Ecuador.- Plant Ecology 191: 33-45.
    • (2008) Plant Ecology , vol.191 , pp. 33-45
    • Bader, M.Y.1    Van Geloof, I.2    Rietkerk, M.3
  • 11
    • 0026291235 scopus 로고
    • Cold-induced photoinhibition limits regeneration of snow gum at tree-line
    • Ball, M.C., Hodges, V.S. & Laughlin, G.P. (1991): Cold-induced photoinhibition limits regeneration of snow gum at tree-line.- Ecology 5: 663-668.
    • (1991) Ecology , vol.5 , pp. 663-668
    • Ball, M.C.1    Hodges, V.S.2    Laughlin, G.P.3
  • 12
    • 0034621899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced growth of Alaska white spruce in the twentieth century from temperature-induced drought stress
    • Barber, V, Juday, G.P., & Finney B. (2000): Reduced growth of Alaska white spruce in the twentieth century from temperature-induced drought stress.Narure 405: 668-672.
    • (2000) Narure , vol.405 , pp. 668-672
    • Barber, V.1    Juday, G.P.2    Finney, B.3
  • 14
    • 66949128317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seedling recruitment, survival and facilitation in alpine Pinus uncinata treeline ecotones. Implications and potential responses to climate warming
    • Batllori, E. & Gutiérrez, E (2009): Seedling recruitment, survival and facilitation in alpine Pinus uncinata treeline ecotones. Implications and potential responses to climate warming.- Global Ecol. Biogeogr. 18: 460-472.
    • (2009) Global Ecol. Biogeogr. , vol.18 , pp. 460-472
    • Batllori, E.1    Gutiérrez, E.2
  • 15
    • 18644380595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Positive feedbacks between tree establishment and pattern of subalpine forest advance, Glacier National Park, Montana, U.S.A
    • Bekker, M.F. (2005): Positive feedbacks between tree establishment and pattern of subalpine forest advance, Glacier National Park, Montana, U.S.A.- Arctic, Antarctic, Alpine Res. 37: 97-107.
    • (2005) Arctic, Antarctic, Alpine Res. , vol.37 , pp. 97-107
    • Bekker, M.F.1
  • 16
    • 33947191904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selected issues from the Samedan GLOCHAMORE workshop on altitudinal gradient studies
    • Bekker, A., Körner, C., Björnsen Gurung, A. & Häberli, W. (2007): Selected issues from the Samedan GLOCHAMORE workshop on altitudinal gradient studies.- Mountain Res. Develop. 27: 82-86.
    • (2007) Mountain Res. Develop. , vol.27 , pp. 82-86
    • Bekker, A.1    Körner, C.2    Björnsen Gurung, A.3    Häberli, W.4
  • 17
    • 79551655776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of global warming on mountain regions: A summary of the 1955 report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
    • G. VISCONTI, M. BENISTON, E. D. IANNOVELLI & D. VARBA (eds) Kluwer Acad. Publ., Dordrecht, Boston London
    • Beniston. M. (2001): The effect of global warming on mountain regions: a summary of the 1955 report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.- In: G. VISCONTI, M. BENISTON, E. D. IANNOVELLI & D. VARBA (eds), Global change and protected areas. Advances in Global Change Research 9, Kluwer Acad. Publ., Dordrecht, Boston London, 1551985.
    • (2001) Global Change and Protected Areas. Advances in Global Change Research , vol.9 , pp. 1551985
    • Beniston, M.1
  • 18
    • 79551668131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Waldgrenzen griechischer Hochgebirge. Unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Taygetos (Waldgrenzdynamik, dendrochronologische Untersuchungen)
    • Brandes, R. (2007): Waldgrenzen griechischer Hochgebirge. Unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Taygetos (Waldgrenzdynamik, dendrochronologische Untersuchungen).- Erlanger Geograph. Arbeit., Sonderband 36: 1361.
    • (2007) Erlanger Geograph. Arbeit., Sonderband , vol.36 , pp. 1361
    • Brandes, R.1
  • 20
    • 0028250119 scopus 로고
    • Die Entwicklung von Kleinreliefstrukturen im Waldgrenzökoton der Front Range (Colorado, USA) unter dem Einfluß leewärts wandernder Ablegergruppen (Picea engelmannii und Abies lasiocarpa)
    • Broil, G. & Holtmeier, F.-K. (1994): Die Entwicklung von Kleinreliefstrukturen im Waldgrenzökoton der Front Range (Colorado, USA) unter dem Einfluß leewärts wandernder Ablegergruppen (Picea engelmannii und Abies lasiocarpa).- Erdkunde 48: 48-59.
    • (1994) Erdkunde , vol.48 , pp. 48-59
    • Broil, G.1    Holtmeier, F.-K.2
  • 21
    • 48449085308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Landscape mosaic in the treeline ecotone on Mt. Rodjanoaivi, subarctic Finland
    • Broil, G., Holtmeier, F.-K., Anschlag, K., Brauckmann, H.-J., Wald, S.A. & Drees, B. (2007): Landscape mosaic in the treeline ecotone on Mt. Rodjanoaivi, subarctic Finland.- Fennia 185: 89-105.
    • (2007) Fennia , vol.185 , pp. 89-105
    • Broil, G.1    Holtmeier, F.-K.2    Anschlag, K.3    Brauckmann, H.-J.4    Wald, S.A.5    Drees, B.6
  • 22
    • 0037294195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nested communities of alpine plants on isolated mountains; Relative importance of colonization and extinction
    • Bruun, H.H. & Moen, J. (2003): Nested communities of alpine plants on isolated mountains; relative importance of colonization and extinction.- J. Biogeogr. 30: 297-303.
    • (2003) J. Biogeogr. , vol.30 , pp. 297-303
    • Bruun, H.H.1    Moen, J.2
  • 23
    • 57149128058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent forest limit changes in south-east Norway: Effects of climate change or regrowth after abandoned utilization?
    • Bryn, A. (2008): Recent forest limit changes in south-east Norway: Effects of climate change or regrowth after abandoned utilization?- Norsk Geogr. Tidsskrift 62: 251-270.
    • (2008) Norsk Geogr. Tidsskrift , vol.62 , pp. 251-270
    • Bryn, A.1
  • 25
    • 4143049639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Turf-banked terrace treads and risers, turf exfoliation and possible relationship with advancing treeline
    • Butler, D.R., Malanson, G.P. & Resler, L.M. (2004): Turf-banked terrace treads and risers, turf exfoliation and possible relationship with advancing treeline.- Catena 58; 259-274.
    • (2004) Catena , vol.58 , pp. 259-274
    • Butler, D.R.1    Malanson, G.P.2    Resler, L.M.3
  • 26
    • 42149137828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influences of geomorphology and geology on alpine treeline in the American West - More important than climatic influences?
    • Butler, D.R., Malanson, G.P. & Fagre, D.B. (2007): Influences of geomorphology and geology on alpine treeline in the American West - More important than climatic influences?- Phys. Geogr. 28: 434-450.
    • (2007) Phys. Geogr. , vol.28 , pp. 434-450
    • Butler, D.R.1    Malanson, G.P.2    Fagre, D.B.3
  • 27
    • 1842711759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pace and pattern of recent treeline dynamics: Response of ecotones to climatic variability in the Spanish Pyrenees
    • Camarero, J.J. & Gutiérrez, M. (2004): Pace and pattern of recent treeline dynamics: response of ecotones to climatic variability in the Spanish Pyrenees.- Climate Change 63: 181-200.
    • (2004) Climate Change , vol.63 , pp. 181-200
    • Camarero, J.J.1    Gutiérrez, M.2
  • 28
    • 0037239253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paludification and forest retreat in northern oceanic environments
    • Crawford, R.M.M., Jeffree, C.E. & Rees, W.G. (2003): Paludification and forest retreat in northern oceanic environments.- Annals Botany 91: 213226.
    • (2003) Annals Botany , vol.91 , pp. 213226
    • Crawford, R.M.M.1    Jeffree, C.E.2    Rees, W.G.3
  • 29
    • 24744446426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential regional treeline dynamics in the Scandes Mountains
    • Dalen, L. & Hofgaard, A. (2005): Differential regional treeline dynamics in the Scandes Mountains.- Arctic, Antarctic, Alpine Res. 37: 284-296.
    • (2005) Arctic, Antarctic, Alpine Res. , vol.37 , pp. 284-296
    • Dalen, L.1    Hofgaard, A.2
  • 30
    • 33846907541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Responses of white spruce (Picea glauca) to experimental warming at a subarctic alpine treeline
    • Danby, R.K. & Hik, D.S. (2007): Responses of white spruce (Picea glauca) to experimental warming at a subarctic alpine treeline.- Global Change Biol. 13: 437-451.
    • (2007) Global Change Biol. , vol.13 , pp. 437-451
    • Danby, R.K.1    Hik, D.S.2
  • 31
    • 0002195071 scopus 로고
    • Holocene glacial and treeline variation in the White River valley and Skolai pass, Alaska and Yukon Territory
    • Denton, G.H. & Karlen, W. (1977): Holocene glacial and treeline variation in the White River valley and Skolai pass, Alaska and Yukon Territory.Quat. Res. 7: 63-71.
    • (1977) Quat. Res. , vol.7 , pp. 63-71
    • Denton, G.H.1    Karlen, W.2
  • 32
    • 44849126129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expanding forest and changing growth forms in Siberian larch at the polar Urals treeline during the 20th century
    • Devi, N., Hagedorn, F., Moiseev, P., Bugmann, H., Shiyatov, S., Mazepa, V. & Rigling, A. (2008): Expanding forest and changing growth forms in Siberian larch at the polar Urals treeline during the 20th century.- Global Change Biol. 14: 1581-1591.
    • (2008) Global Change Biol. , vol.14 , pp. 1581-1591
    • Devi, N.1    Hagedorn, F.2    Moiseev, P.3    Bugmann, H.4    Shiyatov, S.5    Mazepa, V.6    Rigling, A.7
  • 33
    • 39849105424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in the alpine forest-tundra ecotone commensurate with recent warming in southcentral Alaska: Evidence from orthophotos and field plots
    • G04015, doi: 10.1029/2007JG000453, 2007
    • Dial, R.J., Berg, E.E., Timm, K., McMahon, A. & Gecke, J. (2007): Changes in the alpine forest-tundra ecotone commensurate with recent warming in southcentral Alaska: Evidence from orthophotos and field plots.- J. Geophys. Res. 112: G04015, doi: 10.1029/2007JG000453, 2007, 15 pp.
    • (2007) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.112 , pp. 15
    • Dial, R.J.1    Berg, E.E.2    Timm, K.3    McMahon, A.4    Gecke, J.5
  • 34
    • 1242277749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of shrub invasion into high mountain grassland of the Northern Calcareous Alps, Austria
    • Dullinger.S., Dirnböck, T. & Grabherr, G. (2003): Patterns of shrub invasion into high mountain grassland of the Northern Calcareous Alps, Austria.Arctic, Antarctic, Alpine Res. 35: 434-441.
    • (2003) Arctic, Antarctic, Alpine Res. , vol.35 , pp. 434-441
    • Dullinger, S.1    Dirnböck, T.2    Grabherr, G.3
  • 35
    • 1842534564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling climate change-driven treeline shifts: Relative effects of temperature increase, dispersal and invasibility
    • DOI 10.1111/j.0022-0477.2004.00872.x
    • Dullinger, S., Dirnböck, T. & Grabherr, G. (2004): Modelling climate changedriven treeline shifts: relative effects of temperature increase, dispersal and invisibility.- J. Ecol. 92: 241-252. (Pubitemid 38448461)
    • (2004) Journal of Ecology , vol.92 , Issue.2 , pp. 241-252
    • Dullinger, S.1    Dirnbock, T.2    Grabherr, G.3
  • 36
    • 20044390204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Latitudinal response of subarctic tree lines to recent climate change in eastern Canada
    • Gamache, I. & Payette, S. (2005): Latitudinal response of subarctic tree lines to recent climate change in eastern Canada.- J. Biogeogr. 32: 849-862.
    • (2005) J. Biogeogr. , vol.32 , pp. 849-862
    • Gamache, I.1    Payette, S.2
  • 37
    • 0032932129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sky exposure, crown architecture, and low-temperature photoinhibition in conifer seedlings at alpine treeline
    • Germino, M.J. & Smith, W.K. (1999): Sky exposure, crown architecture, and low-temperature photoinhibition in conifer seedlings at alpine treeline.Plant, Cell Environment 22: 407-415.
    • (1999) Plant, Cell Environment , vol.22 , pp. 407-415
    • Germino, M.J.1    Smith, W.K.2
  • 38
    • 0036034245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conifer seedling distribution and survival in an alpine tree ecotone
    • Germino, M.J., Smith, W.K. & Resor, A.C. (2002): Conifer seedling distribution and survival in an alpine tree ecotone.- Plant Ecol. 162: 157-168.
    • (2002) Plant Ecol. , vol.162 , pp. 157-168
    • Germino, M.J.1    Smith, W.K.2    Resor, A.C.3
  • 39
    • 18444396194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A test of treeline carbon limitation hypothesis by in situ CO2 enrichment and defoliation
    • Handa, I.T., Körner, C. & Hättenschwiler, S. (2005): A test of treeline carbon limitation hypothesis by in situ CO2 enrichment and defoliation.- Ecol. 86: 1288-1300.
    • (2005) Ecol. , vol.86 , pp. 1288-1300
    • Handa, I.T.1    Körner, C.2    Hättenschwiler, S.3
  • 40
    • 10944254871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved recruitment and early growth of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings after fire and soil scarification
    • Hille, M. & den Ouden, J. (2004): Improved recruitment and early growth of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings after fire and soil scarification.European J. Forest Res. 123: 313-218.
    • (2004) European J. Forest Res. , vol.123 , pp. 313-1218
    • Hille, M.1    Den Ouden, J.2
  • 41
    • 0037360228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The carbon charging of pines at the climatic treeline: A global comparison
    • Hoch, G. & Körner, C. (2003): The carbon charging of pines at the climatic treeline: A global comparison.- Oecologia 135: 10-21.
    • (2003) Oecologia , vol.135 , pp. 10-21
    • Hoch, G.1    Körner, C.2
  • 42
    • 33845539091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth, demography and carbon relations of Polylepis trees at the world's highest treeline
    • Hoch, G. & Körner, C. (2005): Growth, demography and carbon relations of Polylepis trees at the world's highest treeline.- Functional Ecol. 19: 941951.
    • (2005) Functional Ecol. , vol.19 , pp. 941951
    • Hoch, G.1    Körner, C.2
  • 43
    • 0036745305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altitudinal increase of mobile carbon pools in Pinus cembra suggest sink limitation of growth at the Swiss treeline
    • Hoch, G., Popp, M. & Körner, C. (2002): Altitudinal increase of mobile carbon pools in Pinus cembra suggest sink limitation of growth at the Swiss treeline.- Oikos 98: 361-374.
    • (2002) Oikos , vol.98 , pp. 361-374
    • Hoch, G.1    Popp, M.2    Körner, C.3
  • 46
    • 28244453156 scopus 로고
    • Die Verbreitung der Holzwarten im Oberengadin unter dem Einfluß des Menschen und des Lokalklimas
    • Holtmeier, F.-K. (1967): Die Verbreitung der Holzwarten im Oberengadin unter dem Einfluß des Menschen und des Lokalklimas.- Erdkunde 21: 249-258.
    • (1967) Erdkunde , vol.21 , pp. 249-258
    • Holtmeier, F.-K.1
  • 48
    • 0005760189 scopus 로고
    • Die bodennahen Winde in den Hochlagen der Indian Peaks Section, Colorado Front Range
    • Holtmeier, F.-K. (1978): Die bodennahen Winde in den Hochlagen der Indian Peaks Section, Colorado Front Range.- Münstersche Geogr. Arbeit. 3: 347.
    • (1978) Münstersche Geogr. Arbeit. , vol.3 , pp. 347
    • Holtmeier, F.-K.1
  • 49
    • 0000767988 scopus 로고
    • What does the term "krummholz" really mean? Observations with special reference to the Alps and the Colorado Front Range
    • Holtmeier, F.-K. (1981); What does the term "krummholz" really mean? Observations with special reference to the Alps and the Colorado Front Range.- Mountain Res. Devel. 1/3-4: 253-260.
    • (1981) Mountain Res. Devel. , vol.1 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 253-260
    • Holtmeier, F.-K.1
  • 50
    • 79551673066 scopus 로고
    • Der Einfluß der generativen und vegetativen Verjüngung auf das Verbreitungsmuster der Bäume und die ökologische Dynamik im Waldgrenzbereich. Beobachtungen und Untersuchungen in Hochgebirgen Nordamerikas und den Alpen
    • Holtmeier, F.-K. (1993): Der Einfluß der generativen und vegetativen Verjüngung auf das Verbreitungsmuster der Bäume und die ökologische Dynamik im Waldgrenzbereich. Beobachtungen und Untersuchungen in Hochgebirgen Nordamerikas und den Alpen.- Geoökodynamik 14: 153182.
    • (1993) Geoökodynamik , vol.14 , pp. 153182
    • Holtmeier, F.-K.1
  • 52
    • 33750224059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ablegerbildung im Hochlagenwald und an der oberen Waldgrenze in der Front Range, Colorado
    • Holtmeier, F.-K. (1999): Ablegerbildung im Hochlagenwald und an der oberen Waldgrenze in der Front Range, Colorado.- Mitteil. Deutsch. Dendrol. Gesell. 84: 39-61.
    • (1999) Mitteil. Deutsch. Dendrol. Gesell. , vol.84 , pp. 39-61
    • Holtmeier, F.-K.1
  • 54
    • 33750205460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relocation of snow and its effects in the treeline ecotone with special regard to the Rocky Mountains, the Alps and Northern Europe
    • Holtmeier, F.-K. (2005): Relocation of snow and its effects in the treeline ecotone with special regard to the Rocky Mountains, the Alps and Northern Europe.- Die Erde 136: 343-373.
    • (2005) Die Erde , vol.136 , pp. 343-373
    • Holtmeier, F.-K.1
  • 56
    • 0027090601 scopus 로고
    • The influence of tree islands and microtopography and pedoecological conditions in the forest-alpine tundra ecotone on Niwot Ridge, Colorado Front Range, U.S
    • Holtmeier, F.-K. & Broll, G. (1992: The influence of tree islands and microtopography and pedoecological conditions in the forest-alpine tundra ecotone on Niwot Ridge, Colorado Front Range, U.S.- Arctic Alpine Res. 24: 216-228.
    • (1992) Arctic Alpine Res. , vol.24 , pp. 216-228
    • Holtmeier, F.-K.1    Broll, G.2
  • 57
    • 2442650141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regeneration of trees in the treeline ecotone: Northern Finnish Lapland
    • Holtmeier, F.-K., Broll, G., Anschlag, K. & Müterthies, A. (2003): Regeneration of trees in the treeline ecotone: Northern Finnish Lapland.- Fennia 1981: 103-128.
    • (2003) Fennia , vol.1981 , pp. 103-128
    • Holtmeier, F.-K.1    Broll, G.2    Anschlag, K.3    Müterthies, A.4
  • 58
    • 27144531907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Winderosion und ihre Folgen im Waldgrenzbereich und in der alpinen Stufe einiger nordfinnischer Fjelle
    • Holtmeier, F.-K., Broil, G. & Anschlag, K. (2004): Winderosion und ihre Folgen im Waldgrenzbereich und in der alpinen Stufe einiger nordfinnischer Fjelle.- GeÖko 25: 203-224
    • (2004) GeÖko , vol.25 , pp. 203-224
    • Holtmeier, F.-K.1    Broil, G.2    Anschlag, K.3
  • 59
    • 28244462508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity and response of northern hemisphere altitudinal and polar treelines to environmental change at landscape and local scales
    • Holtmeier, F.-K. & Broll, G. (2005): Sensitivity and response of northern hemisphere altitudinal and polar treelines to environmental change at landscape and local scales.- Global Ecol. Biogeogr. 14: 395-410.
    • (2005) Global Ecol. Biogeogr. , vol.14 , pp. 395-410
    • Holtmeier, F.-K.1    Broll, G.2
  • 60
    • 33746896617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radiocarbon-dated peat and wood remains from the Finnish Subarctic: Evidence of treeline and landscape history
    • Holtmeier, F.-K. & Broll, G. (2006): Radiocarbon-dated peat and wood remains from the Finnish Subarctic: Evidence of treeline and landscape history.- Holocene 16: 743-751.
    • (2006) Holocene , vol.16 , pp. 743-751
    • Holtmeier, F.-K.1    Broll, G.2
  • 61
    • 40949154597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treeline advance - Driving processes and adverse factors
    • DOI: 10.3097/LO.200701
    • Holtmeier, F.-K. & Broll, G. (2007): Treeline advance - driving processes and adverse factors.- Landscape Online 1: 1-33, DOI: 10.3097/LO.200701.
    • (2007) Landscape Online , vol.1 , pp. 1-33
    • Holtmeier, F.-K.1    Broll, G.2
  • 62
    • 79551678729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris) migration to higher elevation in northernmost subarctic Finland
    • Holtmeier, F.-K. & Broll, G. (submitted): Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris) migration to higher elevation in northernmost subarctic Finland - Prompt response to warming climate?
    • Prompt Response to Warming Climate?
    • Holtmeier, F.-K.1    Broll, G.2
  • 63
    • 0000833905 scopus 로고
    • The paleogeography and climatic history of Beringia during Cenozoic time
    • Hopkins, M. (1972): The paleogeography and climatic history of Beringia during Cenozoic time.- Internor 12: 121-150.
    • (1972) Internor , vol.12 , pp. 121-150
    • Hopkins, M.1
  • 64
    • 84904413396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate change 2007
    • Cambridge University Press
    • IPCC (2007): Climate change 2007. Fourth Assessment Report. - Cambridge University Press.
    • (2007) Fourth Assessment Report.
  • 65
    • 2442743131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Snow-packing as a potential harmful factor on Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris and Betula pubescens at high altitudes in northern Finland
    • Jalkanen, R. & Konôpka, B. (1998): Snow-packing as a potential harmful factor on Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris and Betula pubescens at high altitudes in northern Finland.- Europ. J. Forest Pathol. 28: 373-382.
    • (1998) Europ. J. Forest Pathol. , vol.28 , pp. 373-382
    • Jalkanen, R.1    Konôpka, B.2
  • 66
    • 66049163581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Holocene vegetation and climate dynamics of the boreal alpine ecotone of northwestern Fennoscandia
    • Jensen, C. & Vorren, K.-D. (2008): Holocene vegetation and climate dynamics of the boreal alpine ecotone of northwestern Fennoscandia.- J. Quat. Res. 23: 719-743.
    • (2008) J. Quat. Res. , vol.23 , pp. 719-743
    • Jensen, C.1    Vorren, K.-D.2
  • 67
    • 1942455866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abiotic factors limiting photosynthesis in Abies lasiocarpa and Picea engelmannii seedlings below and above the alpine timberline
    • Johnson, D.M., Germino, M.J. & Smith, W.K. (2004): Abiotic factors limiting photosynthesis in Abies lasiocarpa and Picea engelmannii seedlings below and above the alpine timberline.- Tree Physiol. 24: 377-386.
    • (2004) Tree Physiol. , vol.24 , pp. 377-386
    • Johnson, D.M.1    Germino, M.J.2    Smith, W.K.3
  • 68
    • 33749375857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural regeneration of Scots pine and Norway spruce close to the timberline in northern Finland
    • Juntunen, V. & Neuvonen, S. (2006): Natural regeneration of Scots pine and Norway spruce close to the timberline in northern Finland.- Silva Fennica 40: 443-458.
    • (2006) Silva Fennica , vol.40 , pp. 443-458
    • Juntunen, V.1    Neuvonen, S.2
  • 70
    • 33750436960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in the composition, structure, and altitudinal distribution of low forest at the upper limit of their growth in the Northern Ural Mountains
    • Kapralov, D.S., Shiyatov, S.G., Moiseev, P.A. & Formin, V.V. (2006): Changes in the composition, structure, and altitudinal distribution of low forest at the upper limit of their growth in the Northern Ural Mountains.- Russ. J. Ecol. 37: 367-372.
    • (2006) Russ. J. Ecol. , vol.37 , pp. 367-372
    • Kapralov, D.S.1    Shiyatov, S.G.2    Moiseev, P.A.3    Formin, V.V.4
  • 72
    • 0000494579 scopus 로고
    • Effect of site conditions on the regeneration of birch /Betula pendula Roth and B. pubescens Erh
    • Kinnaird, J.W. (1974): Effect of site conditions on the regeneration of birch /Betula pendula Roth and B. pubescens Erh.).- J. Ecol. 62: 467-472.
    • (1974) J. Ecol. , vol.62 , pp. 467-472
    • Kinnaird, J.W.1
  • 73
    • 2642619383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A re-assessment of high elevation treeline positions and their explanation
    • Körner, C. (1998a): A re-assessment of high elevation treeline positions and their explanation.- Oecologia 115: 445-459.
    • (1998) Oecologia , vol.115 , pp. 445-459
    • Körner, C.1
  • 74
    • 0041695120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Worldwide position of alpine treelines and their causes
    • M. BENISTON & J.L. INNES (eds) Springer, Heidelberg
    • Körner, C. (1998b): Worldwide position of alpine treelines and their causes.In: M. BENISTON & J.L. INNES (eds), The impacts of climatic variability on forest, Springer, Heidelberg, 221-229.
    • (1998) The Impacts of Climatic Variability on Forest , pp. 221-229
    • Körner, C.1
  • 76
    • 38649140514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climatic treelines: Conventions, global patterns, causes
    • Körner, C. (2007): Climatic treelines: Conventions, global patterns, causes.Erdkunde 61: 316-324.
    • (2007) Erdkunde , vol.61 , pp. 316-324
    • Körner, C.1
  • 77
    • 84918628466 scopus 로고
    • The effect of permafrost on northern tree line. Proceedings of the International Conference on Permafrost, USSR Contribution, Washington D C
    • Kryuchkov, V.V. (1973): The effect of permafrost on northern tree line. Proceedings of the International Conference on Permafrost, USSR Contribution, Washington D C- Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 1973, 136-138.
    • (1973) Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. , vol.1973 , pp. 136-138
    • Kryuchkov, V.V.1
  • 78
    • 0033929988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tree limit rise and recent global warming: A geoecological case study from the Swedish Scandes
    • Kullman, L. (2000): Tree limit rise and recent global warming: A geoecological case study from the Swedish Scandes.- Norsk Geogr. Tidsskrift 54: 49-59.
    • (2000) Norsk Geogr. Tidsskrift , vol.54 , pp. 49-59
    • Kullman, L.1
  • 79
    • 17844364927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tree-limit landscape evolution at the fringe of the Swedish Scandes (Dalarna province) - Holocene and 20th century perspectives
    • Kullman, L. (2004): Tree-limit landscape evolution at the fringe of the Swedish Scandes (Dalarna province) - Holocene and 20th century perspectives.- Fennia 182: 73-94.
    • (2004) Fennia , vol.182 , pp. 73-94
    • Kullman, L.1
  • 80
    • 64549121653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modern climate change and shifting ecological states of the subalpine/alpine landscape in the Swedish Scandes
    • Kullman, L. (2007): Modern climate change and shifting ecological states of the subalpine/alpine landscape in the Swedish Scandes.- Geöko 28: 187221.
    • (2007) Geöko , vol.28 , pp. 187221
    • Kullman, L.1
  • 81
    • 64549134657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Post-Little Ice Age treeline rise and climate warming in the Swedish Scandes: A landscape ecological perspective
    • Kullman, L. & Öberg, L. (2009): Post-Little Ice Age treeline rise and climate warming in the Swedish Scandes: a landscape ecological perspective.- J. Ecol. 97: 415-429.
    • (2009) J. Ecol. , vol.97 , pp. 415-429
    • Kullman, L.1    Öberg, L.2
  • 82
    • 0003411059 scopus 로고
    • The northern forest border in Canada and Alaska - Biotic communities and ecological relationships
    • Larsen, J.A. (1989): The northern forest border in Canada and Alaska - biotic communities and ecological relationships.- Ecol. Stud. 70: 1-255.
    • (1989) Ecol. Stud. , vol.70 , pp. 1-255
    • Larsen, J.A.1
  • 83
    • 52149102127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of reindeer grazing on pastures -A necessary basis for sustainable reindeer herding
    • F.E. WIELGOLASKI, P.S. KARLSSON, S. NEUVONEN & D. THANNHEISER (eds)
    • Lempa, K., Neuvonen, S. & Tommervik, H. (2005): Effects of reindeer grazing on pastures -A necessary basis for sustainable reindeer herding.- In: F.E. WIELGOLASKI, P.S. KARLSSON, S. NEUVONEN & D. THANNHEISER (eds), Plant ecology, herbivory, and human impact in Nordic mountain birch forests, Ecol. Stud. 180: 157-164.
    • (2005) Plant Ecology, Herbivory, and Human Impact in Nordic Mountain Birch Forests, Ecol. Stud. , vol.180 , pp. 157-164
    • Lempa, K.1    Neuvonen, S.2    Tommervik, H.3
  • 84
    • 76149100251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Site-aspect influence on climate sensitivity over time of a high-altitude Pinus cembra tree-ring network
    • Springer Online, DOI 10.007//s10584-009-9574-6, in press
    • Leonelli, G., Pelfini, M., Battapaglia, G. & Cherubini, P. (2009): Site-aspect influence on climate sensitivity over time of a high-altitude Pinus cembra tree-ring network.- Climate Change, Springer Online, DOI 10.007//s10584-009-9574-6, in press.
    • (2009) Climate Change
    • Leonelli, G.1    Pelfini, M.2    Battapaglia, G.3    Cherubini, P.4
  • 85
    • 0028995495 scopus 로고
    • Recent advance of the arctic treeline along the eastern coast of Hudson Bay
    • Lescop-Sinclair, K. & Payette, S. (1995): Recent advance of the arctic treeline along the eastern coast of Hudson Bay.- J. Ecol. 83: 929-936. (Pubitemid 3010195)
    • (1995) Journal of Ecology , vol.83 , Issue.6 , pp. 929-936
    • Lescop-Sinclair, K.1    Payette, S.2
  • 86
    • 21744439533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecological histories from Alaskan tree lines provide insight into future change
    • Lloyd, A.H. (2005): Ecological histories from Alaskan tree lines provide insight into future change.- Ecol. 86: 1687-1695.
    • (2005) Ecol. , vol.86 , pp. 1687-1695
    • Lloyd, A.H.1
  • 87
    • 0036130219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial and temporal variability in the growth and climate response of treeline trees in Alaska
    • Lloyd, A.H. & Fastie, C.L. (2002): Spatial and temporal variability in the growth and climate response of treeline trees in Alaska.- Climatic Change 52: 481-509.
    • (2002) Climatic Change , vol.52 , pp. 481-509
    • Lloyd, A.H.1    Fastie, C.L.2
  • 88
    • 0033693435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of climatic fluctuations on mountain environments in the Canadian Rocky Mountains
    • Luckman, B.H. & Kavanagh, T.A. (2000): Impact of climatic fluctuations on mountain environments in the Canadian Rocky Mountains.- Ambio 29: 371-280.
    • (2000) Ambio , vol.29 , pp. 371-1280
    • Luckman, B.H.1    Kavanagh, T.A.2
  • 90
    • 61749100859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecotone dynamics: Invasibility of alpine tundra by tree species from the subalpine forest
    • D.R. BUTLER, G.P. MALANSON, S.J. WALSH & D.B. FAGRE (eds) MT, USA, Develop. Earth Surface Elsevier, Amsterdam
    • Malanson, G.P., Brown, D.G., Butler, D.R., Cairns, D.M., Fagre, D.B. & Walsh, S.J. (2009): Ecotone dynamics: Invasibility of alpine tundra by tree species from the subalpine forest.- In: D.R. BUTLER, G.P. MALANSON, S.J. WALSH & D.B. FAGRE (eds), The changing alpine treeline: The example of Glacier National Park, MT, USA, Develop. Earth Surface 12, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 54-61.
    • (2009) The Changing Alpine Treeline: The Example of Glacier National Park , vol.12 , pp. 54-61
    • Malanson, G.P.1    Brown, D.G.2    Butler, D.R.3    Cairns, D.M.4    Fagre, D.B.5    Walsh, S.J.6
  • 92
    • 0000732457 scopus 로고
    • The development and movement of the tree islands near the upper limit of tree growth in the Southern Rocky Mountains
    • Marr, J.W. (1977): The development and movement of the tree islands near the upper limit of tree growth in the Southern Rocky Mountains.- Ecol. 58: 1159-1164.
    • (1977) Ecol. , vol.58 , pp. 1159-1164
    • Marr, J.W.1
  • 93
    • 4243285827 scopus 로고
    • Der Tannenhäher im Engadin. Studien zu seiner Ökologie und Funktion im Arvenwald
    • Mattes, H. (1978): Der Tannenhäher im Engadin. Studien zu seiner Ökologie und Funktion im Arvenwald.- Münstersche Geogr. Arbeit. 2: 1-87.
    • (1978) Münstersche Geogr. Arbeit. , vol.2 , pp. 1-87
    • Mattes, H.1
  • 94
    • 84885067357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regeneration of whitebark pine in the timberline ecotone of the Beartooth Plateau, U.S.A.; Spatial distribution and responsible agents
    • G. BROLL & B. KEPLIN (eds) Springer Berlin/Heidelberg/New York
    • Mellmann-Brown, S. (2005): Regeneration of whitebark pine in the timberline ecotone of the Beartooth Plateau, U.S.A.; Spatial distribution and responsible agents.- In: G. BROLL & B. KEPLIN (eds), Mountain ecosystems. Studies in treeline ecology, Springer Berlin/Heidelberg/New York, 97115.
    • (2005) Mountain Ecosystems. Studies in Treeline Ecology , pp. 97115
    • Mellmann-Brown, S.1
  • 95
    • 4243137381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential effects of climate change on treeline position in the Swedish mountains
    • [onl.] URL
    • Moen, J., Aune, K., Edenius, L. & Angerbjörn, A. (2004): Potential effects of climate change on treeline position in the Swedish mountains.- Ecol. Soc. 9:16 [onl.] URL: http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol19/ iss1/art16
    • (2004) Ecol. Soc. , vol.9 , pp. 16
    • Moen, J.1    Aune, K.2    Edenius, L.3    Angerbjörn, A.4
  • 96
    • 17844401930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vegetation dynamics at the treeline ecotone in the Ural highlands, Russia
    • Moiseev, W.H. & Shiyatov, S.G. (2003): Vegetation dynamics at the treeline ecotone in the Ural highlands, Russia.- Ecol. Stud. 167: 423-435.
    • (2003) Ecol. Stud. , vol.167 , pp. 423-435
    • Moiseev, W.H.1    Shiyatov, S.G.2
  • 100
    • 33645673951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geomorphic controls of spatial pattern and process at alpine treeline
    • Resler L. (2006): Geomorphic controls of spatial pattern and process at alpine treeline.- Profess. Geograp. 58: 124-138.
    • (2006) Profess. Geograp. , vol.58 , pp. 124-138
    • Resler, L.1
  • 101
    • 0002628536 scopus 로고
    • Alpine soils
    • J.D. IVES & R.G. BARRY (eds), Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge
    • Retzer, J.L. (1974): Alpine soils.- In: J.D. IVES & R.G. BARRY (eds), Arctic and alpine environment, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 771-802.
    • (1974) Arctic and Alpine Environment , pp. 771-802
    • Retzer, J.L.1
  • 102
    • 0030446890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tree establishment in subalpine meadows of Mount Rainier National Park, Washington, U.S.A
    • Rochefort, R.M. & Peterson, D.L. (1996): Tree establishment in subalpine meadows of Mount Rainier National Park, Washington, U.S.A.- Arctic Alpine Res. 18: 52-59.
    • (1996) Arctic Alpine Res. , vol.18 , pp. 52-59
    • Rochefort, R.M.1    Peterson, D.L.2
  • 103
    • 0001759044 scopus 로고
    • Wintertime photosynthesis of bristlecone pine (Pinus aristata) in the White Mountains of California
    • Schulze, E.D., Mooney, H.A. & Dunn, E.L. (1967): Wintertime photosynthesis of bristlecone pine (Pinus aristata) in the White Mountains of California.Ecol. 48: 1044-1047.
    • (1967) Ecol. , vol.48 , pp. 1044-1047
    • Schulze, E.D.1    Mooney, H.A.2    Dunn, E.L.3
  • 104
    • 0023518048 scopus 로고
    • Crown forms and shoot elongations of white spruce at the treeline, Churchill, Manitoba, Canada
    • Scott, P.A., Bentley, C.V., Fayle, D.C.F. & Hansell, R.I.C. (1987a): Crown forms and shoot elongations of white spruce at the treeline, Churchill, Manitoba, Canada.-Arctic Alpine Res. 19: 175-186.
    • (1987) Arctic Alpine Res. , vol.19 , pp. 175-186
    • Scott, P.A.1    Bentley, C.V.2    Fayle, D.C.F.3    Hansell, R.I.C.4
  • 105
    • 79551673496 scopus 로고
    • Establishment of white spruce populations and responses to climatic change at the treeline, Churchill, Manitoba, Canada
    • Scott, P.A, Hansell, R.I.C. & Erickson, W.R. (1987b): Establishment of white spruce populations and responses to climatic change at the treeline, Churchill, Manitoba, Canada.- Arctic 46: 313-323.
    • (1987) Arctic , vol.46 , pp. 313-323
    • Scott, P.A.1    Hansell, R.I.C.2    Erickson, W.R.3
  • 106
    • 38449113402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forest productivity decline caused by successional paludification of boreal soils
    • Simard, M., Lecomte, N., Bergeron, Y., Bernier, P.Y. & Pare, D. (2007): Forest productivity decline caused by successional paludification of boreal soils.-Ecol. Applic. 17: 1619-1637.
    • (2007) Ecol. Applic. , vol.17 , pp. 1619-1637
    • Simard, M.1    Lecomte, N.2    Bergeron, Y.3    Bernier, P.Y.4    Pare, D.5
  • 107
    • 64549085490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Establishment of boreal forest species in alpine-dwarf shrub heath in subarctic Sweden
    • Sundqvist, MK., Björk, R.G. & Molau, U. (2008): Establishment of boreal forest species in alpine-dwarf shrub heath in subarctic Sweden.- Plant Ecol. Diversity 1: 67-75.
    • (2008) Plant Ecol. Diversity , vol.1 , pp. 67-75
    • Sundqvist, M.K.1    Björk, R.G.2    Molau, U.3
  • 109
    • 0028982563 scopus 로고
    • Recent white spruce dynamics at the subarctic alpine treeline of northwestern Canada
    • Szeicz, J.M. & MacDonald, G.M. (1995): Recent white spruce dynamics at the subarctic alpine treeline of northwestern Canada.- J. Ecol. 63: 873-885.
    • (1995) J. Ecol. , vol.63 , pp. 873-885
    • Szeicz, J.M.1    MacDonald, G.M.2
  • 111
    • 0034923809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential impact of climate change on vegetation in the European Alps: A review
    • Theurillat, J.-P. & Guisan, A. (2001): Potential impact of climate change on vegetation in the European Alps: a review.- Climate Change 50: 77-109.
    • (2001) Climate Change , vol.50 , pp. 77-109
    • Theurillat, J.-P.1    Guisan, A.2
  • 112
    • 33645067542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid response of high-mountain vegetation to early Holocene environment changes in the Swiss Alps
    • Tinner, W. & Kaltenrieder, P. (2005): Rapid response of high-mountain vegetation to early Holocene environment changes in the Swiss Alps.- J. Ecol. 93: 936-947.
    • (2005) J. Ecol. , vol.93 , pp. 936-947
    • Tinner, W.1    Kaltenrieder, P.2
  • 114
    • 79551655219 scopus 로고
    • Types of microclimate at high elevations
    • U. BENECKE, U. & R.M. DAVIS (eds), New Zealand Forest Serv., Forest Res. Inst. Techn. Paper
    • Turner, H. (1980): Types of microclimate at high elevations.- In: U. BENECKE, U. & R.M. DAVIS (eds), Mountain environments and subalpine tree growth, New Zealand Forest Serv., Forest Res. Inst. Techn. Paper 70: 21-26.
    • (1980) Mountain Environments and Subalpine Tree Growth , vol.70 , pp. 21-26
    • Turner, H.1
  • 115
    • 0003039590 scopus 로고
    • Physiological ecology of the alpine timberline - Tree existence at high altitudes with special reference to the European Alps
    • Tranquillini, W. (1979): Physiological ecology of the alpine timberline - tree existence at high altitudes with special reference to the European Alps.Ecol. Stud. 31: 1-137.
    • (1979) Ecol. Stud. , vol.31 , pp. 1-137
    • Tranquillini, W.1
  • 116
    • 33845714333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent invasion of the mountain birch Betula pubescens ssp tortuosa above the treeline due to climate change: Genetic and ecological study in northern Sweden
    • Truong, C., Palmé, A.E. & Felber, F. (2007): Recent invasion of the mountain birch Betula pubescens ssp tortuosa above the treeline due to climate change: genetic and ecological study in northern Sweden.- J. Evolution. Biol. 20: 369-380.
    • (2007) J. Evolution. Biol. , vol.20 , pp. 369-380
    • Truong, C.1    Palmé, A.E.2    Felber, F.3
  • 117
    • 1842285971 scopus 로고
    • Jahresgang von Photosynthese und Atmung unter natürlichen Bedinungen von Pinus sylvestris L. an ihrer Nordgrenze in der Subarktis
    • Ungerson & Scherdin (1968): Jahresgang von Photosynthese und Atmung unter natürlichen Bedinungen von Pinus sylvestris L. an ihrer Nordgrenze in der Subarktis.- Flora, Abt. B, 157: 391-434.
    • (1968) Flora, Abt. B , vol.157 , pp. 391-434
    • Ungerson1    Scherdin2
  • 118
    • 84985755312 scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of treeline-communities in Alaska
    • Viereck, L.A. (1979): Characteristics of treeline-communities in Alaska.Holarctic Ecol. 2: 228-238.
    • (1979) Holarctic Ecol. , vol.2 , pp. 228-238
    • Viereck, L.A.1
  • 119
    • 25844434672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased temperature sensitivity and divergent growth trends in circumboreal forest
    • doi: 10.1029/2005GLO23331
    • Wilmking, M., D'Arrigo, R., Jacoby, G.C. & Juday, G.P. (2005): Increased temperature sensitivity and divergent growth trends in circumboreal forest.- Geophys. Res. Letters 32: L15 715. (doi: 10.1029/2005GLO23331)
    • (2005) Geophys. Res. Letters , vol.32
    • Wilmking, M.1    D'Arrigo, R.2    Jacoby, G.C.3    Juday, G.P.4
  • 120
    • 7244250190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent climate warming forces contrasting growth responses of white spruce at tree line in Alaska trough temperature thresholds
    • Wilmking, M., Juday, G., Barber, V. & Zald, H. (2004): Recent climate warming forces contrasting growth responses of white spruce at tree line in Alaska trough temperature thresholds.- Global Change Biol. 10: 1724-1736.
    • (2004) Global Change Biol. , vol.10 , pp. 1724-1736
    • Wilmking, M.1    Juday, G.2    Barber, V.3    Zald, H.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.