메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 38, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 261-268

Wound healing/regeneration using recombinant human growth/differentiation factor-5 in an injectable poly-lactide-co-glycolide-acid composite carrier and a one-wall intra-bony defect model in dogs

Author keywords

dog; periodontal regeneration; PLGA; rhGDF 5; tissue engineering

Indexed keywords

BIOMATERIAL; DRUG CARRIER; GROWTH DIFFERENTIATION FACTOR 5; LACTIC ACID; POLYGLYCOLIC ACID; POLYLACTIC ACID POLYGLYCOLIC ACID COPOLYMER; POLYLACTIC ACID-POLYGLYCOLIC ACID COPOLYMER; RECOMBINANT PROTEIN;

EID: 79551662404     PISSN: 03036979     EISSN: 1600051X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2010.01691.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (21)

References (48)
  • 1
    • 0028126646 scopus 로고
    • Cartilage-derived morphogenetic proteins. New members of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily predominantly expressed in long bones during human embryonic development
    • Chang, S. C., Hoang, B., Thomas, J. T., Vukicevic, S., Luyten, F. P., Ryba, N. J., Kozak, C. A., Reddi, A. H., &, Moos, M Jr., (1994) Cartilage-derived morphogenetic proteins. New members of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily predominantly expressed in long bones during human embryonic development. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 269, 28227-28234.
    • (1994) The Journal of Biological Chemistry , vol.269 , pp. 28227-28234
    • Chang, S.C.1    Hoang, B.2    Thomas, J.T.3    Vukicevic, S.4    Luyten, F.P.5    Ryba, N.J.6    Kozak, C.A.7    Reddi, A.H.8    Moos, Jr.M.9
  • 2
    • 0036195458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2/absorbable collagen sponge (rhBMP-2/ACS) on healing in 3-wall intrabony defects in dogs
    • Choi, S. H., Kim, C. K., Cho, K. S., Huh, J. S., Sorensen, R. G., Wozney, J. M., &, Wikesjö, U. M. E., (2002) Effect of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2/absorbable collagen sponge (rhBMP-2/ACS) on healing in 3-wall intrabony defects in dogs. Journal of Periodontology 73, 63-72.
    • (2002) Journal of Periodontology , vol.73 , pp. 63-72
    • Choi, S.H.1    Kim, C.K.2    Cho, K.S.3    Huh, J.S.4    Sorensen, R.G.5    Wozney, J.M.6    Wikesjö, U.M.E.7
  • 3
    • 0031935104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recombinant human osteogenic protein-1 (OP-1) stimulates periodontal wound healing in class III furcation defects
    • Giannobile, W. V., Ryan, S., Shih, M. S., Su, D. L., Kaplan, P. L., &, Chan, T. C., (1998) Recombinant human osteogenic protein-1 (OP-1) stimulates periodontal wound healing in class III furcation defects. Journal of Periodontology 69, 129-137.
    • (1998) Journal of Periodontology , vol.69 , pp. 129-137
    • Giannobile, W.V.1    Ryan, S.2    Shih, M.S.3    Su, D.L.4    Kaplan, P.L.5    Chan, T.C.6
  • 8
    • 0028518688 scopus 로고
    • Osseous regeneration in the rat calvarium using novel delivery systems for recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2)
    • Kenley, R., Marden, L., Turek, T., Jin, L., Ron, E., &, Hollinger, J. O., (1994) Osseous regeneration in the rat calvarium using novel delivery systems for recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2). Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 28, 1139-1147.
    • (1994) Journal of Biomedical Materials Research , vol.28 , pp. 1139-1147
    • Kenley, R.1    Marden, L.2    Turek, T.3    Jin, L.4    Ron, E.5    Hollinger, J.O.6
  • 9
    • 1642336280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Periodontal repair in surgically created intrabony defects in dogs: Influence of the number of bone walls on healing response
    • Kim, C. S., Choi, S. H., Chai, J. K., Cho, K. S., Moon, I. S., Wikesjö, U. M. E., &, Kim, C. K., (2004) Periodontal repair in surgically created intrabony defects in dogs: influence of the number of bone walls on healing response. Journal of Periodontology 75, 229-235.
    • (2004) Journal of Periodontology , vol.75 , pp. 229-235
    • Kim, C.S.1    Choi, S.H.2    Chai, J.K.3    Cho, K.S.4    Moon, I.S.5    Wikesjö, U.M.E.6    Kim, C.K.7
  • 10
    • 20344398407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Periodontal healing in one-wall intra-bony defects in dogs following implantation of autogenous bone or a coral-derived biomaterial
    • Kim, C. S., Choi, S. H., Cho, K. S., Chai, J. K., Wikesjö, U. M. E., &, Kim, C. K., (2005) Periodontal healing in one-wall intra-bony defects in dogs following implantation of autogenous bone or a coral-derived biomaterial. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 32, 583-589.
    • (2005) Journal of Clinical Periodontology , vol.32 , pp. 583-589
    • Kim, C.S.1    Choi, S.H.2    Cho, K.S.3    Chai, J.K.4    Wikesjö, U.M.E.5    Kim, C.K.6
  • 11
    • 68049135886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Periodontal wound healing/regeneration following implantation of recombinant human growth/differentiation factor-5 (rhGDF-5) in an absorbable collagen sponge carrier into one-wall intrabony defects in dogs
    • Kim, T. G., Wikesjö, U. M. E., Cho, K. S., Chai, J. K., Pippig, S. D., Siedler, M., &, Kim, C. K., (2009) Periodontal wound healing/regeneration following implantation of recombinant human growth/differentiation factor-5 (rhGDF-5) in an absorbable collagen sponge carrier into one-wall intrabony defects in dogs: a dose-range study. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 36, 589-597.
    • (2009) Journal of Clinical Periodontology , vol.36 , pp. 589-597
    • Kim, T.G.1    Wikesjö, U.M.E.2    Cho, K.S.3    Chai, J.K.4    Pippig, S.D.5    Siedler, M.6    Kim, C.K.7
  • 12
    • 79551678547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prospective, randomized pilot study on the safety and efficacy of recombinant human growth and differentiation factor-5 coated onto b-tricalcium phosphate for sinus lift augmentation
    • Koch, F. P., Becker, J., Terheyden, H., Capsius, B., &, Wagner, W., (2010) A prospective, randomized pilot study on the safety and efficacy of recombinant human growth and differentiation factor-5 coated onto b-tricalcium phosphate for sinus lift augmentation. Clinical Oral Implants Research 21, 1301-1308.
    • (2010) Clinical Oral Implants Research , vol.21 , pp. 1301-1308
    • Koch, F.P.1    Becker, J.2    Terheyden, H.3    Capsius, B.4    Wagner, W.5
  • 14
    • 77949716578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of an injectable rhGDF-5/PLGA construct for minimally invasive periodontal regenerative procedures: A histological study in the dog
    • Kwon, D. H., Bennett, W., Herberg, S., Bastone, P., Pippig, S., Rodriguez, N. A., &, Wikesjö, U. M. E., (2010a) Evaluation of an injectable rhGDF-5/PLGA construct for minimally invasive periodontal regenerative procedures: a histological study in the dog. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 37, 390-397.
    • (2010) Journal of Clinical Periodontology , vol.37 , pp. 390-397
    • Kwon, D.H.1    Bennett, W.2    Herberg, S.3    Bastone, P.4    Pippig, S.5    Rodriguez, N.A.6    Wikesjö, U.M.E.7
  • 15
    • 77953585252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Periodontal wound healing/regeneration following application of rhGDF-5 in a β-TCP/PLGA carrier in critical-size supraalveloar periodontal defects in dogs
    • Kwon, D. H., Bisch, F. C., Herold, R. W., Pompe, C., Bastone, P., Rodriguez, N. A., Susin, C., &, Wikesjö, U. M. E., (2010b) Periodontal wound healing/regeneration following application of rhGDF-5 in a β-TCP/PLGA carrier in critical-size supraalveloar periodontal defects in dogs. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 37, 667-674.
    • (2010) Journal of Clinical Periodontology , vol.37 , pp. 667-674
    • Kwon, D.H.1    Bisch, F.C.2    Herold, R.W.3    Pompe, C.4    Bastone, P.5    Rodriguez, N.A.6    Susin, C.7    Wikesjö, U.M.E.8
  • 16
    • 77954575168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth/differentiation factor-5 significantly enhances periodontal wound healing/regeneration compared with platelet derived growth factor-BB in dogs
    • Kwon, H-R., Wikesjö, U. M. E., Jung, U-W., Kim, Y-T., Bastone, P., Pippig, S. D., &, Kim, C-K., (2010c) Growth/differentiation factor-5 significantly enhances periodontal wound healing/regeneration compared with platelet derived growth factor-BB in dogs. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 2010 37, 739-746.
    • (2010) Journal of Clinical Periodontology 2010 , vol.37 , pp. 739-746
    • Kwon, H.-R.1    Wikesjö, U.M.E.2    Jung, U.-W.3    Kim, Y.-T.4    Bastone, P.5    Pippig, S.D.6    Kim, C.-K.7
  • 18
    • 77949730268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Periodontal wound healing/regeneration following implantation of recombinant human growth/differentiation factor-5 in a β-tricalcium phosphate carrier into one-wall intrabony defects in dogs
    • Lee, J-S., Wikesjö, U. M. E., Jung, U-W., Choi, S-H., Pippig, S., Siedler, M., &, Kim, C-K., (2010b) Periodontal wound healing/regeneration following implantation of recombinant human growth/differentiation factor-5 in a β-tricalcium phosphate carrier into one-wall intrabony defects in dogs. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 37, 382-389.
    • (2010) Journal of Clinical Periodontology , vol.37 , pp. 382-389
    • Lee, J.-S.1    Wikesjö, U.M.E.2    Jung, U.-W.3    Choi, S.-H.4    Pippig, S.5    Siedler, M.6    Kim, C.-K.7
  • 19
    • 0026952097 scopus 로고
    • Mineralized tissue-formation in periodontal wound healing
    • Lindskog, S., &, Blomlöf, L., (1992) Mineralized tissue-formation in periodontal wound healing. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 19, 741-748.
    • (1992) Journal of Clinical Periodontology , vol.19 , pp. 741-748
    • Lindskog, S.1    Blomlöf, L.2
  • 20
  • 21
    • 76049112136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth/differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5): A candidate therapeutic agent for periodontal regeneration?
    • Moore, Y., Dickinson, D. P., &, Wikesjö, U. M. E., (2010) Growth/differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5): a candidate therapeutic agent for periodontal regeneration? Review of preclinical data. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 37, 288-298.
    • (2010) Journal of Clinical Periodontology , vol.37 , pp. 288-298
    • Moore, Y.1    Dickinson, D.P.2    Wikesjö, U.M.E.3
  • 22
    • 0032489291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gene expression of growth and differentiation factors-5, -6, and -7 in developing bovine tooth at the root forming stage
    • Morotome, Y., Goseki-Sone, M., Ishikawa, I., &, Oida, S., (1998) Gene expression of growth and differentiation factors-5, -6, and -7 in developing bovine tooth at the root forming stage. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 244, 85-90.
    • (1998) Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications , vol.244 , pp. 85-90
    • Morotome, Y.1    Goseki-Sone, M.2    Ishikawa, I.3    Oida, S.4
  • 23
    • 0344304448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of growth/differentiation factor-5 on human periodontal ligament cells
    • Nakamura, T., Yamamoto, M., Tamura, M., &, Izumi, Y., (2003) Effects of growth/differentiation factor-5 on human periodontal ligament cells. Journal of Periodontal Research 38, 597-605.
    • (2003) Journal of Periodontal Research , vol.38 , pp. 597-605
    • Nakamura, T.1    Yamamoto, M.2    Tamura, M.3    Izumi, Y.4
  • 24
    • 33750107022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Superior effect of MD05, beta-tricalcium phosphate coated with recombinant human growth/differentiation factor-5, compared to conventional bone substitutes in the rat calvarial defect model
    • Pöhling, S., Pippig, S. D., Hellerbrand, K., Siedler, M., Schutz, A., &, Dony, C., (2006) Superior effect of MD05, beta-tricalcium phosphate coated with recombinant human growth/differentiation factor-5, compared to conventional bone substitutes in the rat calvarial defect model. Journal of Periodontology 77, 1582-1590.
    • (2006) Journal of Periodontology , vol.77 , pp. 1582-1590
    • Pöhling, S.1    Pippig, S.D.2    Hellerbrand, K.3    Siedler, M.4    Schutz, A.5    Dony, C.6
  • 25
    • 33745327884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biology and principles of periodontal wound healing/regeneration
    • Polimeni., G., Xiropaidis., A. V., &, Wikesjö, U. M. E., (2006) Biology and principles of periodontal wound healing/regeneration. Periodontology 2000 41, 30-47.
    • (2006) Periodontology 2000 , vol.41 , pp. 30-47
    • Polimeni, G.1    Xiropaidis, A.V.2    Wikesjö, U.M.E.3
  • 27
    • 0026453628 scopus 로고
    • Regulation of cartilage and bone differentiation by bone morphogenetic proteins
    • Reddi, A. H., (1992) Regulation of cartilage and bone differentiation by bone morphogenetic proteins. Current Opinion in Cell Biology 4, 850-855.
    • (1992) Current Opinion in Cell Biology , vol.4 , pp. 850-855
    • Reddi, A.H.1
  • 28
    • 0035433950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Periodontal tissue regeneration by combined applications of recombinant human osteogenic protein-1 and bone morphogenetic protein-2. A pilot study in Chacma baboons (Papio ursinus)
    • Ripamonti, U., Crooks, J., Petit, J. C., &, Rueger, D. C., (2001) Periodontal tissue regeneration by combined applications of recombinant human osteogenic protein-1 and bone morphogenetic protein-2. A pilot study in Chacma baboons (Papio ursinus). European Journal of Oral Sciences 109, 241-248.
    • (2001) European Journal of Oral Sciences , vol.109 , pp. 241-248
    • Ripamonti, U.1    Crooks, J.2    Petit, J.C.3    Rueger, D.C.4
  • 29
    • 0036629698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Periodontal tissue regeneration by recombinant human osteogenic protein-1 in periodontally-induced furcation defects of the primate Papio ursinus
    • Ripamonti, U., Crooks, J., Teare, J., Petit, J. C., &, Rueger, D. C., (2002) Periodontal tissue regeneration by recombinant human osteogenic protein-1 in periodontally-induced furcation defects of the primate Papio ursinus. South African Journal of Science 98, 361-368.
    • (2002) South African Journal of Science , vol.98 , pp. 361-368
    • Ripamonti, U.1    Crooks, J.2    Teare, J.3    Petit, J.C.4    Rueger, D.C.5
  • 30
    • 0030055247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of cementogenesis by recombinant human osteogenic protein-1 (hop-1/bmp-7) in the baboon (Papio ursinus)
    • Ripamonti, U., Heliotis, M., Rueger, D. C., &, Sampath, T. K., (1996) Induction of cementogenesis by recombinant human osteogenic protein-1 (hop-1/bmp-7) in the baboon (Papio ursinus). Archives of Oral Biology 41, 121-126.
    • (1996) Archives of Oral Biology , vol.41 , pp. 121-126
    • Ripamonti, U.1    Heliotis, M.2    Rueger, D.C.3    Sampath, T.K.4
  • 31
    • 0028541037 scopus 로고
    • Bone morphogenetic proteins induce periodontal regeneration in the baboon (Papio ursinus)
    • Ripamonti, U., Heliotis, M., van den Heever, B., &, Reddi, A. H., (1994) Bone morphogenetic proteins induce periodontal regeneration in the baboon (Papio ursinus). Journal of Periodontal Research 29, 439-445.
    • (1994) Journal of Periodontal Research , vol.29 , pp. 439-445
    • Ripamonti, U.1    Heliotis, M.2    Van Den Heever, B.3    Reddi, A.H.4
  • 32
    • 0842280577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Favorable healing following space creation in rhBMP-2-induced periodontal regeneration of horizontal circumferential defects in dogs with experimental periodontitis
    • Saito, E., Saito, A., &, Kawanami, M., (2003) Favorable healing following space creation in rhBMP-2-induced periodontal regeneration of horizontal circumferential defects in dogs with experimental periodontitis. Journal of Periodontology 74, 1808-1815.
    • (2003) Journal of Periodontology , vol.74 , pp. 1808-1815
    • Saito, E.1    Saito, A.2    Kawanami, M.3
  • 33
    • 0036737390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bone repair following recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 stimulated periodontal regeneration
    • Selvig, K. A., Sorensen, R. G., Wozney, J. M., &, Wikesjö, U. M. E., (2002) Bone repair following recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 stimulated periodontal regeneration. Journal of Periodontology 73, 1020-1029.
    • (2002) Journal of Periodontology , vol.73 , pp. 1020-1029
    • Selvig, K.A.1    Sorensen, R.G.2    Wozney, J.M.3    Wikesjö, U.M.E.4
  • 34
    • 0037365918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gene expression of growth differentiation factors in the developing periodontium of rat molars
    • Sena, K., Morotome, Y., Baba, O., Terashima, T., Takano, Y., &, Ishikawa, I., (2003) Gene expression of growth differentiation factors in the developing periodontium of rat molars. Journal of Dental Research 82, 166-171.
    • (2003) Journal of Dental Research , vol.82 , pp. 166-171
    • Sena, K.1    Morotome, Y.2    Baba, O.3    Terashima, T.4    Takano, Y.5    Ishikawa, I.6
  • 35
    • 33750502474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Osteogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stromal cells treated with GDF-5 cultured on a novel three-dimensional sintered microsphere matrix
    • Shen, F. H., Zeng, Q., Lv, Q., Choi, L., Balian, G., Li, X., &, Laurencin, C. T., (2006) Osteogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stromal cells treated with GDF-5 cultured on a novel three-dimensional sintered microsphere matrix. The Spine Journal 6, 615-623.
    • (2006) The Spine Journal , vol.6 , pp. 615-623
    • Shen, F.H.1    Zeng, Q.2    Lv, Q.3    Choi, L.4    Balian, G.5    Li, X.6    Laurencin, C.T.7
  • 36
    • 0028412665 scopus 로고
    • Periodontal repair in dogs
    • space provision by reinforced ePTFE membranes enhances bone and cementum regeneration in large supraalveolar defects.
    • Sigurdsson, T. J., Hardwick, R., Bogle, G. C., &, Wikesjö, U. M. E., (1994) Periodontal repair in dogs: space provision by reinforced ePTFE membranes enhances bone and cementum regeneration in large supraalveolar defects. Journal of Periodontology 65, 350-356.
    • (1994) Journal of Periodontology , vol.65 , pp. 350-356
    • Sigurdsson, T.J.1    Hardwick, R.2    Bogle, G.C.3    Wikesjö, U.M.E.4
  • 37
    • 0029249926 scopus 로고
    • Periodontal repair in dogs
    • recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 significantly enhances periodontal regeneration.
    • Sigurdsson, T. J., Lee, M. B., Kubota, K., Turek, T. J., Wozney, J. M., &, Wikesjö, U. M. E., (1995) Periodontal repair in dogs: recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 significantly enhances periodontal regeneration. Journal of Periodontology 66, 131-138.
    • (1995) Journal of Periodontology , vol.66 , pp. 131-138
    • Sigurdsson, T.J.1    Lee, M.B.2    Kubota, K.3    Turek, T.J.4    Wozney, J.M.5    Wikesjö, U.M.E.6
  • 39
    • 0033999850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implantation of recombinant human bone morphogenetic proteins with biomaterial carriers: A correlation between protein pharmacokinetics and osteoinduction in the rat ectopic model
    • Uludag, H., D'Augusta, D., Golden, J., Li, J., Timony, G., Riedel, R., &, Wozney, J. M., (2000) Implantation of recombinant human bone morphogenetic proteins with biomaterial carriers: a correlation between protein pharmacokinetics and osteoinduction in the rat ectopic model. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 50, 227-238.
    • (2000) Journal of Biomedical Materials Research , vol.50 , pp. 227-238
    • Uludag, H.1    D'Augusta, D.2    Golden, J.3    Li, J.4    Timony, G.5    Riedel, R.6    Wozney, J.M.7
  • 40
    • 34250019537 scopus 로고
    • Bone: Formation by autoinduction
    • Urist, M. R., (1965) Bone: formation by autoinduction. Science 150, 893-899.
    • (1965) Science , vol.150 , pp. 893-899
    • Urist, M.R.1
  • 42
    • 0038382988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Periodontal repair in dogs: Evaluation of a bioresorbable space-providing macro-porous membrane with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2
    • Wikesjö, U. M. E., Lim, W. H., Thomson, R. C., Cook, A. D., Wozney, J. M., &, Hardwick, W. R., (2003c) Periodontal repair in dogs: evaluation of a bioresorbable space-providing macro-porous membrane with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2. Journal of Periodontology 74, 635-647.
    • (2003) Journal of Periodontology , vol.74 , pp. 635-647
    • Wikesjö, U.M.E.1    Lim, W.H.2    Thomson, R.C.3    Cook, A.D.4    Wozney, J.M.5    Hardwick, W.R.6
  • 43
    • 4143130831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Periodontal repair in dogs: Effect of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-12 (rhBMP-12) on regeneration of alveolar bone and periodontal attachment: A pilot study
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2004.00541.x
    • Wikesjö, U. M. E., Sorensen, R. G., Kinoshita, A., Jian Li, X., &, Wozney, J. M., (2004) Periodontal repair in dogs: effect of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-12 (rhBMP-12) on regeneration of alveolar bone and periodontal attachment. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 31, 662-670. (Pubitemid 39092230)
    • (2004) Journal of Clinical Periodontology , vol.31 , Issue.8 , pp. 662-670
    • Wikesjo, U.M.E.1    Sorensen, R.G.2    Kinoshita, A.3    Li, X.J.4    Wozney, J.M.5
  • 48
    • 33846168436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth and differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5) stimulates osteogenic differentiation and increases vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels in fat-derived stromal cells in vitro
    • Zeng, Q., Li, X., Beck, G., Balian, G., &, Shen, F. H., (2007) Growth and differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5) stimulates osteogenic differentiation and increases vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels in fat-derived stromal cells in vitro. Bone 40, 374-381.
    • (2007) Bone , vol.40 , pp. 374-381
    • Zeng, Q.1    Li, X.2    Beck, G.3    Balian, G.4    Shen, F.H.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.