Trials and tribulations of using β-amyloid precursor protein immunohistochemistry to evaluate traumatic brain injury in adults

Forensic Science International

Volumn 146, Issue 2-3, 2004, Pages 89-96

  Graham, D I ^a   Smith, C ^b   Reichard, R ^a,c   Leclercq, P D ^d   Gentleman, S M ^d  

^a SOUTHERN GENERAL HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH   (United Kingdom)

^c STANFORD UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^d IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

CO poisoning; Hypoglycaemia; Traumatic brain injury; APP immunohistochemistry

Indexed keywords

AMYLOID BETA PROTEIN; PROTEIN PRECURSOR;

ADULT; BRAIN INJURY; CARBON MONOXIDE INTOXICATION; CONFERENCE PAPER; CRIMINAL JUSTICE; EPILEPTIC STATE; HEART ARREST; HEMATOMA; HUMAN; HYPOGLYCEMIA; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; IMMUNOREACTIVITY; INFRARED RADIATION; INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE; MORPHOMETRICS; NERVE FIBER; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

EID: 7944225104     PISSN: 03790738     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0379-0738(03)00274-3     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (28)

1. Marshall L.F., Marshall S.B., Klauber M.R., et al. A new classification of head injury based on computerized tomography. J. Neurosurg. 75:1991;S14-S21
2. D.I. Graham, T.A. Gennarelli, T.K. McIntosh, Trauma, in: D.I. Graham, P.L. Lantos (Eds.), Greenfields Neuropathology, seventh ed., Arnold, London, 2002, pp. 823-898.
3. Gentleman S.M., Roberts G.W., Gennarelli T.A., et al. Axonal injury: a universal consequence of fatal closed head injury? Acta Neuropathol. 89:1995;537-543
4. Gentleman S.M., Nash M.J., Sweeting C.J., et al. β-Amyloid precursor protein (β-APP) as a marker for axonal injury after head injury. Neursci. Lett. 160:1993;139-144
5. Sherriff F.E., Bridges C.R., Gentleman S.M., Sivaloganathan S., Wilson S. Markers of axonal injury in post-mortem human brain. Acta Neuropathol. 88:1994;433-439
6. Oehmichen M., Meissner C., Schmidt V., Pedal I., Konig H.E., Saternus K.S. Axonal injury - a diagnostic tool in forensic neuropathology? Forensic Sci. Int. 95:1998;67-83
7. Lambri M., Djurovic V., Kibble M., Cairns H., Al-Sarraj J.S. Specificity and sensitivity of βAPP in head injury. Clin. Neuropathol. 20:2001;263-271
8. Dolinak D., Smith C., Graham D.I. Global hypoxia per se is an unusual cause of axonal injury. Acta Neuropathol. 100:2000;553-560
9. Dolinak D., Smith C., Graham D.I. Hypoglycaemia is a cause of axonal injury. Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol. 26:2000;448-453
10. Adams J.H., Graham D.I. The relationship between ventricular fluid pressure and the neuropathology of raised intracranial pressure. Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol. 2:1976;323-332
11. Leclercq P.D., Stephenson M.S., Murray L.S., McIntosh T.K., Graham D.I., Gentleman S.M. Simple morphometry of axonal swellings cannot be used in isolation for dating lesions after traumatic brain injury. J. Neurotrauma. 19:2002;1183-1192
12. Blumbergs P.C., Jones N.R., North J.B. Diffuse axonal injury in head injury. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiat. 52:1989;838-841
13. Sherriff F.E., Bridges L.R., Sivaloganathan S. Early detection of axonal injury after human head trauma using immunocyctochemistry for β-amyloid precursor protein. Acta Neuropathol. 87:1994;55-62
14. Wilkinson A.E., Bridges L.R., Sivaloganathan S. Correlation of survival time with size of axonal swellings in diffuse axonal injury. Acta Neuropathol. 98:1999;198-202
15. McKenzie J.E., Gentleman S.M., Roberts G.W., et al. Increased number of β-APP immunoreactive neurons in the entrohinal cortex after head injury. Neuroreport. 6:1994;161-164
16. Kaur B., Rutty G.N., Timperley W.R. The possible role of hypoxia in the formation of axonal bulbs. J. Clin. Pathol. 52:1999;203-209
17. Adams J.H., Graham D.I., Murray L.S., Scott G. Diffuse axonal injury due to non-missile head injury in human: an analysis of 45 cases. Ann. Neurol. 12:1982;557-563
18. Adams J.H., Doyle D., Ford I., Gennarelli T.A., Graham D.I., McLellan D.R. Diffuse axonal injury in head injury: definition. Histopathology. 15:1989;49-59
19. Povlishock J.T., Jenkins L.W. Are the pathobiological changes evoked by traumatic brain injury immediate and irreversible? Brain Pathol. 5:1995;415-426
20. Pilz P. Axonal injury in head injury. Acta Neurochir. 32(Suppl.):1983;119-123
21. Gennarelli T.A. The spectrum of traumatic axonal injury. Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol. 221:1996;509-513
22. Gennarelli T.A. The pathobiology of traumatic brain injury. Neuroscientist. 3:1997;73-81
23. Blumbergs P.C., Scott G., Manavis J., Wainwright H., Simpson D.A., McLean A.J. Staining of amyloid precursor protein to study axonal damage in mild head injury. Lancet. 344:1994;1055-1056
24. McCracken E., Hunter A.J., Patel S., Graham D.I., Dewar D. Calpain activation and cytoskeletal protein breakdown in the corpus callosum of head-injured patients. J. Neurotrauma. 16:1999;749-761
25. Saatman K.E., Abai B., Grosvenor A., Vorwerk K., Smith D.H., Meaney D.F. Traumatic axonal injury results in biphasic calpain activation and retrograde transport impairment in mice. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 23:2003;34-42
26. Adams J.H., Doyle D., Graham D.I., et al. Deep intracerebral (basal ganglia) haematomas in fatal non-missile head injury in man. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiat. 49:1986;1039-1043
27. Geddes J.F., Knowles G.H., Beer T.W., Ellison D.W. The diagnosis of diffuse axonal injury: implications for forensic practice. Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol. 23:1997;339-347
28. Geddes J.F., Whitwell H.L., Graham D.I. Traumatic axonal injury: practical issues for diagnosis in medico-legal cases. Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol. 26:2000;105-116