Rationale for the application of immediate load in implant dentistry: Part I

Implant Dentistry

Volumn 13, Issue 3, 2004, Pages 207-217

  Misch, Carl E ^a,b   Wang, Horn Lay ^a   Misch, Craig M ^b,c   Sharawy, Mohamed ^d   Lemons, Jack ^e   Judy, Kenneth W M ^b,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN   (United States)

^b New York University ^*  (United States)

^c NEW YORK UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM   (United States)

Author keywords

Dental implants; Early loading; Endosseous implants; Immediate loading

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BONE REMODELING; BONE STRESS; DENTISTRY; HUMAN; NECROSIS; SURGICAL INJURY; TOOTH PROSTHESIS; DENTAL CARE; MECHANICAL STRESS; METHODOLOGY; TOOTH IMPLANTATION;

DENTAL IMPLANTATION, ENDOSSEOUS; DENTAL PROSTHESIS RETENTION; DENTAL PROSTHESIS, IMPLANT-SUPPORTED; DENTAL STRESS ANALYSIS; HUMANS; STRESS, MECHANICAL;

EID: 7944223872     PISSN: 10566163     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/01.id.0000140461.25451.31     Document Type: Article

References (72)

1. Branemark PL, Hansson BO, Adell R, et al. Osseointegrated implants in the treatment of edentulous jaw. Experience from a 10-year period. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg. 1977;2:1-132.
2. Adell R, Lekholm U, Rockier B, et al. A 15-year study of osseointegrated implants in the treatment of the edentulous jaw. Int J Oral Surg. 1981;10:387-416.
3. Van Steenberghe D, Lekholm N, Bolender C, et al. The applicability of osseointegrated oral implants in the rehabilitation of partial edentulism; a prospective multicenter study of 558 fixtures. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1990;5:272-281.
4. Gotfredsen K, Hjorting-Hansen E. Histologic and histomorphometric evaluation of submerged and nonsubmerged titanium implants. In: Laney WR, Tolman DE, eds. Tissue Integration in Oral, Orthopedic, and Maxillofacial Reconstruction. Chicago: Quintessence; 1990:31-40.
5. Schroeder A, Mawglen B, Sutter F. Hohlzylinderimplantat: typ-F zur prothesen-retention bei zahnlosen kafer. Schweizerishe Monatschrift für Zahnherlkunde. 1983;93:720-733.
6. Buser D, Weber HP, Bragge U, et al. Tissue integration of one stage ITI implants: three-year results of a longitudinal study with hollow cylinder and hollow screw implants. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1991;6:405-412.
7. Strock AE, Strock M. Experimental work on a method for the replacement of missing teeth by direct implantation of a metal support into the alveolus. Am J Orthod Oral Surg. 1939;25:467.
8. Linkow LI. The blade-vent - a new dimension in endosseous implants. Dent Concepts. 1968;11:3.
9. Cranin AN, Rookin MF, Garfinkel L. A statistical evaluation of 952 endosteal implants in humans. J Am Dent Assoc. 1977;94:315.
10. Smithloff M, Fritz ME. The use of blade implants in a selected population of partially edentulous adults: a five-year report. J Periodontol 1976;47:19-24.
11. Kapur KK. Veterans Administration co-operative dental implant study comparison between fixed partial dentures supported by Blade-Vent implants and partial dentures. J Prosthet Dent. 1987;59:499-512.
12. Linkow LI, Donath K, Lemons JE. Retrieval analysis of a blade implant after 231 months of clinical function. Implant Dent. 1992;1:37-43.
13. Babbush CA, Kent JN, Misiek DJ. Titanium Plasma Spray (TPS) screw implants for the reconstruction of the edentulous mandible. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1986;44:274-282.
14. Chiapasco M, Gatti C, Rossi E, et al. Implant-retained mandibular overdentures with immediate loading. A retrospective multicenter study on 226 consecutive cases. Clin Oral Impl Res. 1997;8:48-57.
15. Gatti C, Haefliger W, Chiapasico M. Implant-retained mandibular overdentures with immediate loading: a prospective study of the ITI implants. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2000;15:383-388.
16. Chiapasco M, Abati S, Romeo E, et al. Implant-retained mandibular overdentures with Branemark System MK II implants. A prospective comparative study between delayed and immediate loading. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2001;16:537-546.
17. Schnitman PA, Wohrle PS, Rubenstein JE. Immediate fixed interim prostheses supported by two-stage threaded implants: methodology and results. J Oral Implantol. 1990;16:96-105.
18. Henry D, Rosenberg I. Single stage surgery for rehabilitation of the edentulous mandible: preliminary results. Pract Perio Aesthet Dent. 1994;6:15-22.
19. Salama H, Rose LF, Salama M, et al. Immediate loading of bilaterally splinted titanium root-form implants in fixed prosthodontics - a technique re-examined: two case reports. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 1995;15:344-361.
20. Biglani M, Lozada JL. Immediately loaded dental implants - influence of early functional contacts on implant stability, bone level integrity and soft tissue quality: a retrospective 3 and 6 year clinical analysis. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1996;11:126-127.
21. Tarnow DP, Emtiag S, Classi A. Immediate loading of threaded implants at stage one surgery in edentulous arches. Ten consecutive case reports with 1 to 5 year data. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1998;12:319-324.
22. Misch CE. Non-functional immediate teeth in partially edentulous patients: a pilot study of 10 consecutive cases using the maestro dental implant system. Compendium. 1998;19:25-36.
23. Misch CE. Non-functional immediate Teeth. Dentistry Today. 1998;17:88-91.
24. Wohrle P. Single tooth replacement in the aesthetic zone with immediate provisionalization: fourteen consecutive case reports. Prac Perio Aesth Dent. 1998;9:1107-1114.
25. Schnitman PA, Wohrle PS, Rubenstein JE, et al. Branemark implants immediately loaded with fixed prostheses at implant placement. Ten year results. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1997;12:495-503.
26. Scortecci G. Immediate function of cortically anchored disc design implants without bone augmentation in moderately to severely resorbed completely edentulous maxillae. Oral Implant. 1999;25:70-79.
27. Randow R, Ericsson I, Nilner K, et al. Immediate functional loading of Branemark dental implant: an 18 month clinical follow-up study. Clin Oral Impl Res. 1999;10:8-15.
28. Horiuchi K, Uchida H, Yamamoto K, et al. Immediate loading of Branemark system implants following placement in edentulous patients: a clinical report. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2000;15:824-830.
29. Ganeles J, Rosenberg MM, Holt RL, et al. Immediate loading of implants with fixed restorations in the completely edentulous mandible: report of 27 patients from a private practice. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2001;16:418-426.
30. Jaffin RA, Kumar A, Berman CL. Immediate loading of implants in partially and fully edentulous jaws: a series of 27 case reports. J Periodontol. 2000;71:833-838.
31. Misch CE, Degidi M. Immediate loading implants with fixed prostheses in the completely edentulous patient. J Clin Implant Res. 2003;5:100-203.
32. Arvidson K, Bystedt H, Frykholm A, et al. A 3-year clinical study of Astra dental implants in the treatment of edentulous mandibles. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1992;7:321-329.
33. Enlow DH. Principles of Bone Remodeling. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas; 1963.
34. Roberts WE, Turkey Pk, Brezniak N, et al. Implants: bone physiology and metabolism. CDA Journal. 1987;15:54-61.
35. Frost HM. The regional acceleratory phenomenon: a review. Henry Ford Hosp Med Bull. 1983;31:3-9.
36. Roberts WE, Smith RK, Zilberman Y, et al. Osseous adaptation to continuous loading of rigid endosseous implants. Am J Orthod. 1984;86:95-111.
37. Strid KG. Radiographic results. In: Branemark PI, Zarb GA, Albrektsson T, eds. Tissue-Integrated Prostheses: Osseointegration in Clinical Dentistry. Chicago: Quintessence; 1985:187-191.
38. Buchs AU, Levine L, Moy P. Preliminary report of immediately loaded altiva natural tooth replacement dental implants. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2001;3:97-105.
39. Eriksson A, Albrektsson T, Grane B, et al. Thermal injury to bone. A vital-microscopic description of heat effects. Int J Oral Surg. 1982;11:115-121.
40. Eriksson A, Albrektsson J. Temperature threshold levels for heat-induced bone tissue injury: a vital microscopic study in the rabbit. J Prosthet Dent. 1983;50:101-107.
41. Sharawy M, Misch CE, Weller N, et al. Heat generation during implant drilling: the significance of motor speed. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2002;60:1160-1169.
42. Matthews LS, Hirsh C. Temperatures measured in human cortical bone when drilling. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1972;54:297-308.
43. Haider R, Watzek G, Plenk H. Effects of drill cooling and bone structure on IMZ implant fixation. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1993;8:83-91.
44. Satomi K, Akagawa Y, Nikai H, et al. Bone implant interface structures after non-tapping and tapping insertion of screw-type titanium alloy endosseous implants. J Prosth Dent. 1988;59:339-342.
45. Vanden Bogaerde L, Pedretti G, Dellacasa P, et al. Early function of splinted implants in maxillas and posterior mandibles using Branemark system machine-surface implants: an 18-month prospective clinical multicenter study. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2002;5:21-28.
46. Sullivan DY, Sherwood RL. The reverse torque test: a clinical report. J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1996;11:179-185.
47. Palti A. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Zahnärztlichelmplantologie Annual Meeting; October 2002; Bucharest, Austria.
48. Parfitt AM. The physiological and clinical significance of bone histomorphometric data. In: Reck RR ed. Bone Histomorphometry, Techniques and Interpretation. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 1983:143-223.
49. Cowin SC, Moss-Salentijn L, Moss ML. Candidates of the mechanosensory system in bone. J Biomechan Engineer. 1991;113:191-197.
50. Frost HM. Mechanical adaption of Frost's mechanostat theory. In: Martin DB, Burr DB, eds. Structure, Function and Adaption of Compact Bone. New York: Raven Press; 1989:179-181.
51. Tricker ND, Garetto LP. Cortical bone turnover and mineral apposition in dentate dog mandible. J Dent Res. 1997;76:201.
52. Misch CE, Bidez MW, Sharawy M. A bioengineered implant for an ideal bone cellular response to loading forces: a literature review and case report. J Periodontol. 2001;72:1276-1286.
53. Brunski JB. Avoid pitfalls of overloading and micromotion of intraosseous implants. Dent Implantol Update. 1993;4:77-81.
54. Szmukler-Moncler SD, Salamon H, Reingewirtz Y, et al. Timing of loading and effect of micromotion on bone-dental implant interface: review of experimental literature. J Biomed Mater Res. 1998;43:192-203.
55. Romenos G, Tok CG, Sias CH, et al. Peri-implant bone reactions to immediately loaded implants. An experimental study in monkeys. J Periodontol. 2001;72:506-511.
56. Rubin CT, McLeod KJ. Promotion of bony ingrowth by frequency-specific, low-amplitude mechanical strain. Clin Orthop Related Res. 1994;298:165-174.
57. Testori T, Smukler-Moncler S, Francetti L, et al. The immediate-loading of Osseotite implants. A clinical and histologic assessment 4 months after being brought into function. Parodontie-Dentisterie Restauratrice. 2001;21:451-459.
58. Degidi M, Scarano A, lezzi G, et al. Periimplant bone in immediately loaded titanium implants: histologic and histomorphometric evaluation in human. A report of two cases. Clin Implant Dent Related Res. 2003;5:170-175.
59. Piattelli A, Corigliano M, Scarano A, et al. Bone reactions to early occlusal loading of two-stage titanium plasma-sprayed implants: a pilot study in monkeys. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 1997;17:162-169.
60. Piattelli A, Corigliano M, Scarano A, et al. Immediate loading of titanium plasma-sprayed implants: an histologic analysis in monkeys. J Periodontol. 1998;69:321-327.
61. Piattelli A, Ruggeri A, Franchi M, et al. An histologic and histomorphic-metric study of bone reactions to unloaded and loaded non-submerged single implants in monkeys: a pilot study. J Oral lmplantol. 1993;19:314-320.
62. Ledermann PD. Long-lasting osseointegration of immediately-loaded, bar-connected TPS screws after 12 years of function: a histologic case report of a 95-year-old patient. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 1998;18:562-563.
63. Misch CE. Patient force factors. In: CE Misch, ed. Contemporary Implant Dentistry. St. Louis, MO: CV Mosby; 1993.
64. Balshi TJ, Wolfinger GJ. Immediate loading of Branemark implants in edentulous mandible: a preliminary report. Implant Dent. 1997;6:83-88.
65. Branemark PI, Engstrand P, Ohrnell LO, et al. Branemark Novum. A new treatment concept for rehabilitation of the edentulous mandible. Preliminary results from a prospective clinical follow-up study. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 1999;1:2-16.
66. nd ed. Chicago: Quintessence; 1981: 82-85.
67. Smyd ES. Mechanics of dental structures: guide to teaching dental engineering at undergraduate level. J Prosth Dent. 1952:2;668-692.
68. Bidez MW, Lemons JE, Isenbeg BF. Displacements of precious and non-precious bridges utilizing endosseous implants as distal abutments. J Biomed Mater Res. 1986;20:783-797.
69. Laney WR, Gibilisco JA. Diagnosis and Treatment in Prosthodontics. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger; 1983:164-165.
70. Ericsson I, Nilson H, Lindh T, et al. Immediate functional loading of Branemark single tooth implants. An 18-month clinical pilot follow-up study. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2000;11:26-33.
71. Malo P, Friberg B, Polizzi G, et al. Immediate and early function of Branemark system implants placed in the esthetic zone: a 1-year prospective clinical multicenter study. Clin Implant Dent Related Res. 2003;5:37-46.
72. Gomes A, Lozada JL, Capanis N, et al. Immediate loading of a single hydroxylapatite-coated threaded form implant: a clinical report. J Oral Implantol. 1998;24:159-166.