A novel intumescent flame retardant-functionalized montmorillonite: Preparation, characterization, and flammability properties

Applied Clay Science

Volumn 51, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 360-365

  Huang, Guobo ^a,b   Li, Yujing ^a   Han, Liang ^a   Gao, Jianrong ^a   Wang, Xu ^a  

^a ZHEJIANG UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (China)

^b TAIZHOU UNIVERSITY   (China)

Author keywords

Intumescent flame retardant; Montmorillonite; Nanocomposite; Phosphorus nitrogen structure

Indexed keywords

AMMONIUM BROMIDES; CHAR STRUCTURE; CONE CALORIMETER; FLAME RETARDANCY; FLAMMABILITY PROPERTIES; FUNCTIONALIZED; INTUMESCENT FLAME RETARDANT; MONTMORILLONITE; POLYMER MELT INTERCALATION; SEM AND TEM; SODIUM MONTMORILLONITE; TEM;

AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS; BROMINE COMPOUNDS; CLAY MINERALS; FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENT; FLAME RETARDANTS; ION EXCHANGE; NANOCOMPOSITES; NITROGEN; PHOSPHORUS; POLYMER BLENDS; POLYMER MELTS; POLYPROPYLENES; SILICATE MINERALS; X RAY DIFFRACTION;

COMBUSTION;

COMPOSITE; ION EXCHANGE; MONTMORILLONITE; NITROGEN; PHOSPHORUS; POLYMER; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; X-RAY DIFFRACTION;

EID: 79251598370     PISSN: 01691317     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.clay.2010.11.016     Document Type: Article

References (26)

1. Bertini F., Canetti M., Audisio G., Costa G., Falqui L. Characterization and thermal degradation of polypropylene-montmorillonite nanocomposites. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 2006, 91:600-605.
2. Bourbigot S., Devaux E., Flambard X. Flammability of polyamide-6/clay hybrid nanocomposite textiles. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 2002, 75:397-402.
3. Gilman J.W., Jackson C.L., Morgan A.B., Harris R.H., Manias E., Giannelis E.P., Wuthenow M., Hilton D., Phillips S.H. Flammability properties of polymer-layered-silicate nanocomposites. Polypropylene and polystyrene nanocomposites. Chem. Mater. 2000, 12:1866-1873.
4. Goodarzi V., Monemian S.A., Angaji M.T., Motahari S. Improvement of thermal and fire properties of polypropylene. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2008, 110:2971-2979.
5. Gu Z., Song G.Y., Liu W.S., Wang B.J., Li J. Preparation and properties of organo-montmorillonite/cis-1, 4-polybutadiene rubber nanocomposites by solution intercalation. Appl. Clay Sci. 2009, 45:50-53.
6. Heinz H., Vaia R.A., Krishnamoorti R., Farmer B.L. Self-assembly of alkylammonium chains on montmorillonite: effect of chain length, head group structure, and cation exchange capacity. Chem. Mater. 2007, 19:59-68.
7. Huang G.B., Gao J.R., Li Y.J., Han L., Wang X. Functionalizing nano-montmorillonites by modified with intumescent flame retardant: preparation and application in polyurethane. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 2010, 95:245-253.
8. Kaynak C., Nakas G.I., Isitman N.A. Mechanical properties, flammability and char morphology of epoxy resin/montmorillonite nanocomposites. Appl. Clay Sci. 2009, 46:319-324.
9. Lakshmi M.S., Narmadha B., Reddy B.S.R. Enhanced thermal stability and structural characteristics of different MMT-clay/epoxy-nanocomposite materials. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 2008, 93:201-213.
10. Leszczyńska A., Njuguna J., Pielichowski K., Banerjee J.R. Polymer/montmorillonite nanocomposites with improved thermal properties: part I. Factors influencing thermal stability and mechanisms of thermal stability improvement. Thermochim. Acta 2007, 453:75-96.
11. Liu S.P., Huang I.J., Chang K.C., Ye J.M. Mechanical properties of polystyrene-montmorillonite nanocomposites-prepared by melt intercalation. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2010, 115:288-296.
12. Ma H.Y., Tong L.F., Xu Z.B., Fang Z.P., Jin Y.M., Lu F.Z. A novel intumescent flame retardant: synthesis and application in ABS copolymer. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 2007, 92:720-726.
13. Morawiec J., Pawlak A., Slouf M., Galeski A., Piorkowska E., Krasnikowa N. Preparation and properties of compatibilized LDPE/organo-modified montmorillonite nanocomposites. Eur. Polym. J. 2005, 41:1115-1122.
14. Osman M.A., Ernst M., Meier B.H., Suter U.W. Structure and molecular dynamics of alkane monolayers self-assembled on mica platelets. J. Phys. Chem. B 2002, 106:653-662.
15. Paula D.R., Robeson L.M. Polymer nanotechnology: nanocomposites. Polymer 2008, 49:3187-3204.
16. Rao Y.Q., Pochan J.M. Mechanics of polymer-clay nanocomposites. Macromolecules 2007, 40:290-296.
17. +-Montmorillonite clay modified by ditetradecyl dimethyl ammonium bromide. J. Phys. Chem. B 2009, 113:7482-7490.
18. Sahoo P.K., Samal R. Fire retardancy and biodegradability of poly(methyl methacrylate)/montmorillonite nanocomposite. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 2007, 92:1700-1707.
19. Shi Y., Kashiwagi T., Walters R.N., Gilman J.W., Lyon R.E., Sogah D.Y. Ethylene vinyl acetate/layered silicate nanocomposites prepared by a surfactant-free method: enhanced flame retardant and mechanical properties. Polymer 2009, 50:3478-3487.
20. Stretz H.A., Wootan M.W., Cassidy P.E., Koo J.H. Effect of exfoliation on poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile)/montmorillonite nanocomposite flammability. Polym. Adv. Technol. 2005, 16:239-248.
21. Su S.P., Wilkie C.A. The thermal degradation of nanocomposites that contain an oligomeric ammonium cation on the clay. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 2004, 83:347-362.
22. Vazquez A., López M., Kortaberria G., Martín L., Mondragon I. Modification of montmorillonite with cationic surfactants. Thermal and chemical analysis including CEC determination. Appl. Clay Sci. 2008, 41:24-36.
23. Wang Z.M., Nakajima H., Manias E., Chung T.C. Exfoliated PP/clay nanocomposites using ammonium-terminated PP as the organic modification for montmorillonite. Macromolecules 2003, 36:8919-8922.
24. Wang S.F., Hua Y., Zonga R.W., Tanga Y., ChenZ Y., Fan W.C. Preparation and characterization of flame retardant ABS/montmorillonite nanocomposite. Appl. Clay Sci. 2004, 25:49-55.
25. Yang L., Hu Y., Lu H.D., Song L. Morphology, thermal, and mechanical properties of flame-retardant silicone rubber/montmorillonite nanocomposites. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2006, 99:3275-3280.
26. Yaru S., Takashi K., Richard N.W., Jeffrey W.G., Richard E.L., Dotsevi Y.S. Ethylene vinyl acetate/layered silicate nanocomposites prepared by a surfactant-free method: enhanced flame retardant and mechanical properties. Polymer 2009, 50:3478-3487.