Posttransplant metabolic syndrome: New evidence of an epidemic and recommendations for management

Liver Transplantation

Volumn 17, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 1-6

  Satapathy, Sanjaya K ^a   Charlton, Michael R ^b  

^a LONG ISLAND JEWISH MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b MAYO CLINIC   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMLODIPINE; ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; ATORVASTATIN; CALCINEURIN INHIBITOR; CLOFIBRATE; CYCLOSPORIN; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; EZETIMIBE; FELODIPINE; FENOFIBRATE; GEMFIBROZIL; ISRADIPINE; LOOP DIURETIC AGENT; NIFEDIPINE; PRAVASTATIN; RAPAMYCIN; SIMVASTATIN; STEROID; TACROLIMUS; THIAZOLIDINE DERIVATIVE;

ADULT; BODY MASS; CARDIOTOXICITY; DIABETES MELLITUS; DYSLIPIDEMIA; EPIDEMIC; HEPATIC ARTERY THROMBOSIS; HEPATITIS C; HIGH RISK PATIENT; HUMAN; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; HYPERKALEMIA; HYPERLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; INFECTION; LEG EDEMA; LIVER TOXICITY; LIVER TRANSPLANTATION; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; MORTALITY; MUSCLE INJURY; NEPHROTOXICITY; OBESITY; POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATION; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SIDE EFFECT; THROMBOSIS; WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE; WEIGHT GAIN;

CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE; HUMANS; LIVER TRANSPLANTATION; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; PRACTICE GUIDELINES AS TOPIC; PREVALENCE; PROGNOSIS; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTORS; TIME FACTORS;

EID: 79251528559     PISSN: 15276465     EISSN: 15276473     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/lt.22222     Document Type: Review

References (46)

1. Adam R, McMaster P, O'Grady JG, Castaing D, Klempnauer JL, Jamieson N, et al. Evolution of liver transplantation in Europe: report of the European Liver Transplant Registry. Liver Transpl 2003; 9: 1231-1243.
2. Laish I, Braun M, Mor E, Sulkes J, Harif Y, Ari ZB., Metabolic syndrome in liver transplant recipients: prevalence, risk factors and association with cardiovascular events. Liver Transpl 2011; 17: 15-22.
3. Ford ES, Giles WH, Dietz WH., Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among US adults. Findings from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. JAMA 2002; 287: 356-359.
4. Tellez-Avila FI, Sanchez-Avila F, García-Saenz-de-Sicilia M, Chavez-Tapia NC, Franco-Guzman AM, Lopez-Arce G, et al. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome, obesity and diabetes type 2 in cryptogenic cirrhosis. World J Gastroenterol 2008; 14: 4771-4775.
5. Lakka HM, Laaksonen DE, Lakka TA, Niskanen LK, Kumpusalo E, Tuomilehto J, Salonen JT., The metabolic syndrome and total and cardiovascular disease mortality in middle-aged men. JAMA 2002; 288: 2709-2716.
6. Cicognani C, Malavolti M, Morselli-Labate AM, Zamboni L, Sama C, Barbara L., Serum lipid and lipoprotein patterns in patients with liver cirrhosis and chronic active hepatitis. Arch Intern Med 1997; 157: 792-796.
7. Henriksen JH, Møller S., Cardiac and systemic haemodynamic complications of liver cirrhosis. Scand Cardiovasc J 2009; 43: 218-225.
8. Laryea M, Watt KD, Molinari M, Walsh MJ, McAlister VC, Marotta PJ, et al. Metabolic syndrome in liver transplant recipients: prevalence and association with major vascular events. Liver Transpl 2007; 13: 1109-1114.
9. Wilson PW, Grundy SM., The metabolic syndrome: practical guide to origins and treatment: part I. Circulation 2003; 108: 1422-1424.
10. Neal DA, Tom BD, Luan J, Wareham NJ, Gimson AE, Delriviere LD, et al. Is there disparity between risk and incidence of cardiovascular disease after liver transplant ? Transplantation 2004; 77: 93-99.
11. Johnston SD, Morris JK, Cramb R, Gunson BK, Neuberger J., Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality after orthotopic liver transplantation. Transplantation 2002; 73: 901-906.
12. Watt KD, Pedersen R, Kremers WK, Charlton MR., Risk factors associated with long-term mortality after liver transplantation: an analysis of the multi-center, prospective NIDDK database. HEPATOLOGY 2008; 48: S66.
13. Hanouneh IA, Feldstein AE, McCullough AJ, Miller C, Aucejo F, Yerian L, et al. The significance of metabolic syndrome in the setting of recurrent hepatitis C after liver transplantation. Liver Transpl 2008; 14: 1287-1293.
14. Mindikoglu AL, Regev A, Casanova-Romero PY, Bejarano PA, Martinez EJ, Tzakis AG, Schiff ER., The impact of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and the metabolic syndrome on progression of fibrosis in patients with recurrent HCV after liver transplantation. Transplant Proc 2006; 38: 1440-1444.
15. Veldt BJ, Poterucha JJ, Watt KD, Wiesner RH, Hay JE, Rosen CB, et al. Insulin resistance, serum adipokines and the risk of fibrosis progression in patients transplanted for hepatitis C: a prospective cohort study. Am J Transplant 2009; 9: 1406-1413.
16. Romero-Gõmez M, Del Mar Viloria M, Andrade RJ, Salmerõn J, Diago M, Fernández-Rodríguez CM, et al. Insulin resistance impairs sustained response rate to peginterferon plus ribavirin in chronic hepatitis C patients. Gastroenterology 2005; 128: 636-641.
17. Chen T, Jia H, Li J, Chen X, Zhou H, Tian H., New onset diabetes mellitus after liver transplantation and hepatitis C virus infection: meta-analysis of clinical studies. Transpl Int 2009; 22: 408-415.
18. Syed GH, Amako Y, Siddiqui A., Hepatitis C virus hijacks host lipid metabolism. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2010; 21: 33-40. Epub 2009 Oct 23.
19. Corey KE, Kane E, Munroe C, Barlow LL, Zheng H, Chung RT., Hepatitis C virus infection and its clearance alter circulating lipids: implications for long-term follow-up. HEPATOLOGY 2009; 50: 1030-1037.
20. Segev DL, Sozio SM, Shin EJ, Nazarian SM, Nathan H, Thuluvath PJ, et al. Steroid avoidance in liver transplantation: meta-analysis and meta-regression of randomized trials. Liver Transpl 2008; 14: 512-525.
21. Tueche SG., Diabetes mellitus after liver transplant new etiologic clues and cornerstones for understanding. Transplant Proc 2003; 35: 1466-1468.
22. Klintmalm GB, Washburn WK, Rudich SM, Heffron TG, Teperman LW, Fasola C, et al. Corticosteroid-free immunosuppression with daclizumab in HCV(+) liver transplant recipients: 1-year interim results of the HCV-3 study. Liver Transpl 2007; 13: 1521-1531.
23. Everhart JE, Lombardero M, Lake JR, Wiesner RH, Zetterman RK, Hoofnagle JH., Weight change and obesity after liver transplantation: incidence and risk factors. Liver Transpl Surg 1998; 4: 285-296.
24. Richards J, Gunson B, Johnson J, Neuberger J., Weight gain and obesity after liver transplantation. Transpl Int 2005; 18: 461-466.
25. Bianchi G, Marchesini G, Marzocchi R, Pinna AD, Zoli M., Metabolic syndrome in liver transplantation: relation to etiology and immunosuppression. Liver Transpl 2008; 14: 1648-1654.
26. Khalili M, Lim JW, Bass N, Ascher NL, Roberts JP, Terrault NA., New onset diabetes mellitus after liver transplantation: the critical role of hepatitis C infection. Liver Transpl 2004; 10: 349-355.
27. Dehghani SM, Taghavi SA, Eshraghian A, Gholami S, Imanieh MH, Bordbar MR, Malek-Hosseini SA,. Hyperlipidemia in Iranian liver transplant recipients: prevalence and risk factors. J Gastroenterol 2007; 42: 769-774.
28. Canzanello VJ, Schwartz L, Taler SJ, Textor SC, Wiesner RH, Porayko MK, Krom RA., Evolution of cardiovascular risk after liver transplantation: a comparison of cyclosporine A and tacrolimus (FK506). Liver Transpl Surg 1997; 3: 1-9.
29. Taler SJ, Textor SC, Canzanello VJ, Schwartz L, Porayko M, Wiesner RH, Krom RA., Role of steroid dose in hypertension early after liver transplantation with tacrolimus (FK506) and cyclosporine. Transplantation 1996; 62: 1588-1592.
30. Trotter JF, Wachs ME, Trouillot TE, Bak T, Kugelmas M, Kam I, Everson G., Dyslipidemia during sirolimus therapy in liver transplant recipients occurs with concomitant cyclosporine but not tacrolimus. Liver Transpl 2001; 7: 401-408.
31. Kniepeiss D, Iberer F, Schaffellner S, Jakoby E, Duller D, Tscheliessnigg K., Dyslipidemia during sirolimus therapy in patients after liver transplantation. Clin Transplant 2004; 18: 642-646.
32. Cassiman D, Roelants M, Vandenplas G, Van der Merwe SW, Mertens A, Libbrecht L, et al. Orlistat treatment is safe in overweight and obese liver transplant recipients: a prospective, open label trial. Transpl Int 2006; 19: 1000-1005.
33. Takata MC, Campos GM, Ciovica R, Rabl C, Rogers SJ, Cello JP, et al. Laparoscopic bariatric surgery improves candidacy in morbidly obese patients awaiting transplantation. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2008; 4: 159-164.
34. American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes. Diabetes Care 2009; 32 (suppl 1): S13-S61.
35. Belfort R, Harrison SA, Brown K, Darland C, Finch J, Hardies J, et al. A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. N Engl J Med 2006; 355: 2297-2307.
36. Lutchman G, Modi A, Kleiner DE, Promrat K, Heller T, Ghany M, et al. The effects of discontinuing pioglitazone in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. HEPATOLOGY 2007; 46: 424-429.
37. Bonkovsky HL, Azar R, Bird S, Szabo G, Banner B., Severe cholestatic hepatitis caused by thiazolidinediones: risks associated with substituting rosiglitazone for troglitazone. Dig Dis Sci 2002; 47: 1632-1637.
38. Nathan DM., Rosiglitazone and cardiotoxicitya-weighing the evidence. N Engl J Med 2007; 357: 64-66.
39. Asberg A., Interactions between cyclosporin and lipid-lowering drugs: implications for organ transplant recipients. Drugs 2003; 63: 367-378.
40. Mück W, Neal DA, Boix O, Voith B, Hasan R, Alexander GJ., Tacrolimus/cerivastatin interaction study in liver transplant recipients. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2001; 52: 213-215.
41. Martin JE, Cavanaugh TM, Trumbull L, Bass M, Weber F Jr, Aranda-Michel J, et al. Incidence of adverse events with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors in liver transplant patients. Clin Transplant 2008; 22: 113-119.
42. McKenney JM, Sica D., Role of prescription omega-3 fatty acids in the treatment of hypertriglyceridemia. Pharmacotherapy 2007; 27: 715-728.
43. Almutairi F, Peterson TC, Molinari M, Walsh MJ, Alwayn I, Peltekian KM., Safety and effectiveness of ezetimibe in liver transplant recipients with hypercholesterolemia. Liver Transpl 2009; 15: 504-508.
44. Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, Cushman WC, Green LA, Izzo JL Jr, et al. The seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: the JNC 7 report. JAMA 2003; 289: 2560-2572.
45. Neal DA, Brown MJ, Wilkinson IB, Byrne CD, Alexander GJ., Hemodynamic effects of amlodipine, bisoprolol, and lisinopril in hypertensive patients after liver transplantation. Transplantation 2004; 77: 748-750.
46. Lubel JS, Herath CB, Burrell LM, Angus PW., Liver disease and the renin-angiotensin system: recent discoveries and clinical implications. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008; 23: 1327-1338.