Combined oral contraceptives and body weight: Do oral contraceptives cause weight gain? A primate model

Human Reproduction

Volumn 26, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 330-336

  Edelman, A ^a,b   Jensen, J T ^a,b   Bulechowsky, M ^b   Cameron, J ^a,b,c  

^a OREGON HEALTH AND SCIENCE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b OREGON HEALTH AND SCIENCE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

BMI; metabolism; oral contraceptives; weight gain

Indexed keywords

ETHINYLESTRADIOL PLUS LEVONORGESTREL;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ARTICLE; BASAL METABOLIC RATE; BODY COMPOSITION; BODY FAT; BODY WEIGHT; CALORIC INTAKE; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; METABOLISM; MUSCLE MASS; NONHUMAN; PHYSICAL ACTIVITY; RHESUS MONKEY; WEIGHT GAIN;

MACACA MULATTA; PRIMATES;

EID: 79251506016     PISSN: 02681161     EISSN: 14602350     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deq335     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Berenson AB, Rahman M. Changes in weight, total fat, percent body fat, and central-to-peripheral fat ratio associated with injectable and oral contraceptive use. AJOG 2009;329:e1-e8.
2. Birtch RL, Olatunbosun OA, Pierson RA. Ovarian follicular dynamics during conventional vs. continuous oral contraceptive use. Contraception 2006;73:235-243.
3. Bonny AE, Ziegler J, Harvey R, Debanne SM, Secic M, Cromer BA. Weight gain in obese and nonobese adolescent girls initiating depot medroxyprogesterone, oral contraceptive pills, or no hormonal contraceptive method. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2006;160:40-45.
4. Chmouliovsky L, Habicht F, James RW, Lehmann T, Campana A, Golay A. Beneficial effect of hormone replacement therapy on weight loss in obese menopausal women. Maturitas 1999;32:147-153.
5. Clark MK, Dillon JS, Sowers M, Nichols S. Weight, fat mass, and central distribution of fat increase when women use depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate for contraception. Int J Obes 2005;29:1252-1258.
6. Coney PJ, Washenik K, Langley RGB, DiGiovanna JJ, Harrison DD. Weight change and adverse event incidence with a low-dose oral contraceptive: two randomized, placebo-controlled trials. Contraception 2001; 63:297-302.
7. Czaja JA, Goy RW. Ovarian hormones and food intake in female rhesus monkeys. Horm Behav 1975;6:329-349.
8. Darroch JE, Singh S, Frost J, and the Study team. Differences in teenage pregnancy rates among five developed countries: the roles of sexual activity and contraceptive use. Fam Plann Perspect 2001;33:244-250.
9. Davidsen L, Vistisen B, Astrup A. Impact of the menstrual cycle on determinants of energy balance: a putative role in weight loss attempts. Int J Obes 2007;31:1777-1785.
10. Edelman A, Gallo MF, Jensen JT, Nichols MD, Grimes DA. Continuous or extended cycle vs. cyclic use of combined hormonal contraceptives for contraception. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005, Issue 3 (updated 2009).
11. Espeland MA, Stefanick ML, Kritz-Silverstein D, Fineberg SE, Waclawiw MA, James MK, Grendale GA. Effet of postmenopausal hormone therapy on body weight and waist and hip girths. Potmenopausal Estrogen-Progestin Interventions Study Investigators. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997;82:1549-1556.
12. Fletcher PC, Bryden PJ, Bonin E. Preliminary examination of oral contraceptive use among university-aged females. Contraception 2001; 63:229-233.
13. Flegal KM, Troiano RP. Changes in the distribution of body mass index of adults and children in the US population. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2000;24:807-818.
14. Gallo M, Grimes DA, Schulz K, Helmerhorst F. Combination estrogen-progestin contraceptives and body weight: systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Obstet Gynecol 2004;103:359-373.
15. Gambacciani M, Ciaponi M, Cappagli B, Genazzani AR. Effects of low-dose continuous combined conjugated estrogens and medroxyprogesterone acetate on menopausal symptoms, body weight, bone density, and metabolism in postmenopausal women. AJOG 2001;185:1180-1185.
16. Gao Q, Horvath TL. Cross-talk between estrogen and leptin signaling in the hypothalamus. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2008;294:E817-E826.
17. Grove KL, Grayson BE, Glavas MM, Xiao XQ, Smith MS. Development of metabolic systems. Physiol Behav 2005;86:646-660.
18. Hedley AA, Ogden CL, Johnson CL, Carroll MD, Curtin LR, Flegal KM. Overweight and obesity among US children, adolescents, and adults, 1999-2002. J Am Med Assoc 2004;291:2847-2850.
19. Henshaw SK. Unintended pregnancy in the United States. Fam Plann Perspect 1998;30:24-29,46.
20. Hotchkiss J, Knobil E. The menstrual cycle and its neuroendocrine control. In: Knobil E, Neill JD (eds). The Physiology of Reproduction, Vol. 2, 2nd edn. New York: Raven Press, Ltd., 1994,711-749.
21. Kemnitz GJ, Eisele SG, Lindsay KA. Relationship of Reproductive Condition to Food Intake and Sucrose Consumption of Female Rhesus Monkeys. New York: Von Nostrand Reinold 1986.
22. Kuhnz W, Al-Yacoub G, Fuhmeister A. Pharmacokinetics of levonorgesterel and ethinylestradiol in 9 women who received a low-dose oral contraceptive over a treatment period of 3 months and, after a wash-out phase, a single oral admininstration of the same contraceptive formulation. Contraception 1994;46:455-469.
23. Lopez LM, Grimes DA, Schulz KF. Steroidal contraceptives: effect on carbohydrate metabolism in women without diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009;4:1-116.
24. Oddens BJ, Visser AP, Vemer HM, Everaerd WT, Lehert P. Contraceptive use and attitudes in Great Britian. Contraception 1994;49:73-86.
25. Ongphiphadhanakul B, Chanprasertyothin S, Piaseu N, Chansirikanjana S, Puavilai G, Rajatanavin R. Change in body weight after hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women is dependent on basal circulating leptin. Maturitas 1998;30:283-388.
26. Picardo CM, Nichols M, Edelman A, Jensen J. Women's knowledge and sources of information on the risks and benefits of oral contraception. J Am Med Womens Assoc 2003;58:112-116.
27. Porte D Jr, Baskin DG, Schwartz MW. Leptin and insulin action in the central nervous system. Nutr Rev 2002;60:S20-29.
28. Salback B, Nawroth PP, Kubler W, von Holst T, Salback PB. Serum leptin levels and body weight in postmenopausal women under transdermal hormone replacement therapy. Eur J Med Res 2000;5:63-66.
29. Seasonale Prescribing Information. Pharmacokinetics. Duramed Pharmaceuticals Inc. http://www.drugs.com/pro/seasonale.html. Downloaded August 19, 2010.
30. Shinoda M, Latour MG, Lavoie JM. Effects of physical training on body composition and organ weights in ovariectomized and hyperestrogenic rats. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2002;26:335-343.
31. Speroff L, Glass RH, Kase NG. Clinical Gynecologic Endocrinology and Infertility, 6th edn. Baltimore, Maryland: Lippencott Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
32. Sullivan EL, Cameron JL. A rapidly occurring compensatory decrease in physical activity counteracts diet-induced weight loss in female monkeys. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2010;298:R1068-R1074.
33. Sullivan E, Koegler F, Cameron J. Individual differences in physical activity are closely associated with changes in body weight in adult female rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physical 2006;296;633-642.
34. Sumino H, Ichikawa S, Yoshida A, Murakami M, Kanda T, Mizunuma H, Sakamaki T, Kurabayashi M. Effects of hormone replacement therapy on weight, abdominal fat distribution, and lipid levels in Japanese postmenopausal women. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2003; 27:1044-1051. (Pubitemid 37059609)
35. Reubinoff BE, Wurtman J, Rojansky N, Adler D, Stein P, Schenker JG, Brzezinski A. Effects of hormone replacement therapy on weight, body composition, fat distribution, and food intake in early postmenopausal women: a prospective study. Fertil Steril 1995;64:963-968.
36. Risser WL, Gefter LR, Barrat MS, Risser JMH. Weight change in adolescents who use hormonal contraception. J Adoles Health 1999; 24:433-436.
37. Roepke TA. Oestrogen modulates hypothalamic control of energy homeostasis through multiple mechanisms. J Neuroendocrinol 2009; 21:141-150.
38. Ropero AB, Alonso-Magdalena P, Quesada I, Nadal A. The role of estrogen receptors in the control of energy and glucose homeostasis. Steroids 2008;73:874-879.
39. Rosenberg M. Weight change with oral contraceptive use and during the menstrual cycle: results of daily measurements. Contraception 1998; 58:345-349.
40. Uras R, Orru M, Etzi R, Peppi G, Marotto MF, Pilloni M, Zedda P, Lello S, Melis GB, Paoletti AM. Evidence that in healthy young women, a six-cycle treatment with oral contraceptive containing 30 mg of ethinylestradiol plus 2 mg of chlorma dinone acetat reduces fat mass. Contraception 2009;79:117-121.
41. Wade GN, Zucker I. Development of hormonal control over food intake and body weight in female rats. J Comp Physiol Psychol 1970;70:213-220.
42. Wagner JE, Kavanagh K, Ward GM, Auerback BJ, Harwood HJ Jr., Kaplan JR. Old world nonhuman primate models of type 2 diabetes mellitus. ILAR J 2006;47:259-271.
43. World Health Organization. Obesity and overweight: global strategy on diet, physical activity, and health. http://www.who.int/topics/obesity/en/. Downloaded August 8, 2006.