Regional variations of private prescriptions for the nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics zolpidem and zopiclone in Germany

Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety

Volumn 19, Issue 10, 2010, Pages 1071-1077

  Hoffmann, Falk ^a   Hies, Markus ^b   Glaeske, Gerd ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BREMEN   (Germany)

^b INSIGHT Health GmbH and Co KG   (Germany)

Author keywords

Drug abuse; Germany; Health services research; Zolpidem; Zopiclone

Indexed keywords

HYPNOTIC AGENT; ZOLPIDEM; ZOPICLONE;

ARTICLE; COMPARATIVE STUDY; DATA ANALYSIS; DEFINED DAILY DOSE; DRUG DOSE REGIMEN; DRUG PACKAGING; DRUG UTILIZATION; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION; GERMANY; HEALTH INSURANCE; PHARMACY; PRESCRIPTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PRIVATE PRESCRIPTION; REIMBURSEMENT;

AZABICYCLO COMPOUNDS; BENZODIAZEPINES; DATABASES, FACTUAL; DRUG PRESCRIPTIONS; GERMANY; HUMANS; HYPNOTICS AND SEDATIVES; OUTPATIENTS; PHARMACIES; PHYSICIAN'S PRACTICE PATTERNS; PIPERAZINES; PRIVATE SECTOR; PYRIDINES; SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS;

EID: 79251497344     PISSN: 10538569     EISSN: 10991557     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/pds.2013     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. Dündar Y, Boland A, Strobl J, et al. Newer hypnotic drugs for the shortterm management of insomnia: a systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess 2004; 8: 1-125.
2. Hausken AM, Furu K, Skurtveit S, Engeland A, Bramness JG. Starting insomnia treatment: the use of benzodiazepines versus z-hypnotics. A prescription database study of predictors. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2009; 65: 295-301.
3. Hoffmann F, Glaeske G, Scharffetter W. Zunehmender Hypnotikagebrauch auf Privatrezepten in Deutschland. Sucht 2006; 52: 360- 366.
4. Johnell K, Fastbom J. The use of benzodiazpines and related drugs amongst older people in Sweden: associated factors and concomitant use of other psychotropics. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2009; 24: 731-738.
5. Lieberman JA. Update on the safety considerations in the management of insomnia with hypnotics: incorporating modified-release formulations into primary care. Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry 2007; 9: 25-31.
6. Siriwardena AN, Qureshi Z, Gibson S, Collier S, Latham M. GPs' attitudes to benzodiazepine and 'Z-drug' prescribing: a barrier to implementation of evidence and guidance on hypnotics. Br J Gen Pract 2006; 56: 964-967.
7. Holbrook AM. Treating insomnia. Br Med J 2004; 329: 1198-1199.
8. Victorri-Vigneau C, Dailly E, Veyrac G, Jolliet P. Evidence of zolpidem abuse and dependence: results of the French Centre for Evaluation and Information on Pharmacodependence (CEIP) network survey. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2007; 64: 198-209.
9. Ming L. Retrospective study on characteristics of 104 zopiclone abusers in a substance abuse clinic in Hong Kong. 2005. Available from http:// www.nd.gov.hk/en/conference_proceedings/Drugs_proBK_Part5/Drugs_ proBK_LamMing.pdf. Accessed: 21 February 2010 (Archived by Web-Cite1 at http://www.webcitation.org/5kxd56MVJ).
10. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Neurologie. Insomnie. AWMF-Leitlinien-Register Nr. 030/045. 2008. Available from http://www.uni-duesseldorf.de/WWW/AWMF/ll/030-045.htm. Accessed: 21 February 2010 (Archived by WebCite1 at http://www.webcitation.org/5kxcuUDgd).
11. National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE). Guidance on the use of zaleplon, zolpidem and zopiclone for the short-term management of insomnia. Technology Appraisal Guidance 77. NICE: London, 2004.
12. Siriwardena AN, Qureshi MZ, Dyas JV, Middleton H, Orner R. Magic bullets for insomnia? Patients' use and experiences of newer (Z drugs) versus older (benzodiazepine) hypnotics for sleep problems in primary care. Br J Gen Pract 2008; 58: 417-422.
13. Hoffmann F, Pfannkuche M, Glaeske G. Hochverbrauch von Zolpidem und Zopiclon. Querschnittsstudie auf Basis von Krankenkassendaten. Nervenarzt 2008; 79: 67-72.
14. Hoffmann F, Scharffetter W, Glaeske G. Verbrauch von Zolpidem und Zopiclon auf Privatrezepten zwischen 1993 und 2007. Nervenarzt 2009; 80: 578-583.
15. Bundesministerium füür Gesundheit (BMG). Gesetzliche Krankenversicherung: Mitglieder, mitversicherte Angehörige, Beitragssätze und Krankenstand Monatswerte Januar-Juni 2008. 2008. Available from http://www.bmg.bund.de/cln_151/nn_1168258/SharedDocs/ Downloads/DE/Statistiken/Gesetzliche-Krankenversicherung/Mitglieder-und-Versicherte/2008-km1-juni,templateId=raw,property=publicationFile. pdf/2008-km1-juni.pdf. Accessed: 21 February 2010 (not able to archive by WebCite1).
16. Schwabe U, Paffrath D (eds). Arzneiverordnungs-Report 2008. Springer: Heidelberg, 2008.
17. Hoffmann F. Review on use of German health insurance medication claims data for epidemiological research. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2009; 18: 349-356.
18. Cook MN. Estimating national drug consumption using data at different points in the pharmaceutical supply chain. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2006; 15: 754-757.
19. World Health Organization (WHO). Introduction to Drug Utilization Research. WHO: Oslo, 2003.
20. Lange K, Wodarz N, Hajak G. Abhängigkeitspotential der GABA-ARezeptor-agonistichen Nicht-Benzodiazepin-Hypnotika. Sucht 2007; 53: 201-213.
21. Kahlert I, Brüne M. Über einen Fall von primärer Zopiclonabhängigkeit. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2001; 126: 653-654.
22. Hajak G, Muller WE, Wittchen HU, Pittrow D, Kirch W. Abuse and dependence potential for the non-benzodiazepine hypnotics zolpidem and zopiclone: a review of case reports and epidemiological data. Addiction 2003; 98: 1371-1378.
23. Damm J, Eser D, Moeller HJ, Rupprecht R. Severe dependency on zolpidem in a patient with multiple sclerosis suffering from paraspasticity. World J Biol Psychiatry 2010; 11: 516-518.
24. Kassam A, Carter B, Patten SB. Sedative hypnotic use in Alberta. Can J Psychiatry 2006; 51: 287-294.
25. Kern WV, de With K, Nink K, Steib-Bauert M, Schröder H. Regional variation in outpatient antibiotic prescribing in Germany. Infection 2006; 34: 269-273.
26. Katalinic A, Lemmer A, Zawinell A, Rawal R, Waldmann A. Trends in hormone therapy and breast cancer incidence-results from the German Network of Cancer Registries. Pathobiology 2009; 76: 90-97.
27. Jacobus S, Schneeweiss S, Chan KA. Exposure misclassification as a result of free sample drug utilization in automated claims databases and its effect on a pharmacoepidemiology study of selective COX-2 inhibitors. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2004; 13: 695-702.
28. Yood MU, Campbell UB, Rothman KJ, et al. Using prescription claims data for drugs available over-the-counter (OTC). Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2007; 16: 961-968.