Decreasing trends in total gaseous mercury observations in baseline air at Mace Head, Ireland from 1996 to 2009

Atmospheric Environment

Volumn 45, Issue 20, 2011, Pages 3475-3480

  Ebinghaus, R ^a   Jennings, S G ^b   Kock, H H ^a   Derwent, R G ^c   Manning, A J ^d   Spain, T G ^b  

^a INSTITUTE OF MATERIALS RESEARCH   (Germany)

^b NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF IRELAND   (Ireland)

^c RDSCIENTIFIC   (United Kingdom)

^d MET OFFICE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Hg; Long term trends; Mace Head; Total gaseous mercury

Indexed keywords

AIR MASS; ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; BACKGROUND CONCENTRATION; HG; IRELAND; LONG-TERM TREND; MACE HEAD; NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN; TOTAL GASEOUS MERCURIES;

MERCURY (METAL);

MERCURY;

AIR MASS; ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION; BASELINE CONDITIONS; MARINE ATMOSPHERE; MERCURY (ELEMENT); POLLUTANT TRANSPORT; SPATIOTEMPORAL ANALYSIS;

AIR POLLUTANT; AIR POLLUTION; AIR SAMPLING; ARTICLE; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; GAS; IRELAND; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

ATLANTIC OCEAN; ATLANTIC OCEAN (NORTH); CONNACHT; COUNTY GALWAY; IRELAND; MACE HEAD;

EID: 79251493883     PISSN: 13522310     EISSN: 18732844     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.01.033     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Biester H., et al. Elevated mercury accumulation in a peat bog of the Magellanic Moorlands, Chile (538S)-an anthropogenic signal from the Southern hemisphere. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2002, 201:12.
2. Bindler R., et al. Mercury accumulation rates and spatial patterns in lake sediments from west Greenland: a coast to ice margin transect. Environmental Science & Technology 2001, 35:6.
3. Braman R.S., Johnson D.L. Selective absorption tubes and emission technique for determination of ambient forms of mercury in air. Environmental Science & Technology 1974, 8(12):996-1003.
4. Brosset C. Total airborne mercury and its possible origin. Water Air and Soil Pollution 1982, 17:37-50.
5. Brunke E.-G., Labuschagne C., Ebinghaus R., Kock H.H., Slemr F. Total gaseous mercury depletion events observed at Cape point during 2007-2008. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 2009, 10:1121-1131.
6. Calvert J.G., Lindberg S.E. Mechanisms of mercury removal by O3 and OH in the atmosphere. Atmospheric Environment 2005, 39:3355-3367.
7. Dumarey R., et al. The accuracy of the vapor-injection calibration method for the determination of mercury by amalgamation/cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry. Analytica Chimica Acta 1985, 170:337-340.
8. Ebinghaus R., Kock H.H., Jennings S.G., McCartin P., Orren M.J. Measurements of atmospheric mercury concentrations in Northwestern and Central Europe - comparison of experimental data and model results. Atmospheric Environment 1995, 29:3333-3344.
9. Ebinghaus R., Jennings S.G., Schroeder W.H., Berg T., Donaghy T., Guentzel J., Kenny C., Kock H.H., Kvietkus K., Landing W., Muhleck T., Munthe J., Prestbo E.M., Schneeberger D., Slemr F., Sommar J., Urba A., Wallschlager D., Xiao Z. International field intercomparison measurements of atmospheric mercury species at Mace Head, Ireland. Atmospheric Environment 1999, 33:3063-3073.
10. Ebinghaus R., Kock H.H., Coggins A.M., Spain T.G., Jennings S.G., Temme Ch Long-term measurements of atmospheric mercury at Mace Head, Irish west coast, between 1995 and 2001. Atmospheric Environment 2002, 36:5267-5276.
11. Faïn X., et al. Polar firn air reveals large-scale impact of anthropogenic mercury emissions during the 1970s. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the U.S.A 2009.
12. Ferrara R., et al. Volcanoes as emission sources of atmospheric mercury in the Mediterranean basin. Water Air and Soil Pollution 2000, 259:7.
13. Fitzgerald W.F. Is mercury increasing in the atmosphere? The need for an atmospheric mercury network (AMNET). Water Air and Soil Pollution 1995, 80:245-254.
14. Fitzgerald W.F., Gill G.A. Subnanogram determination of mercury by two-stage gold amalgamation and gas-phase detection applied to atmospheric analysis. Analytical Chemistry 1979, 51:1714-1720.
15. Holmes C.D., Jacob D.J., Mason R.P., Jaffe D.A. Sources and deposition of reactive gaseous mercury in the marine atmosphere. Atmospheric Environment 2009, 43:2278-2285.
16. Jaffe D., Prestbo E., Swartzendruber P., Weiss-Penzias P., Kato S., Takami A., Hatakeyama S., Kaji Y. Export of atmospheric mercury from Asia. Atmospheric Environment 2005, 39:3029-3038.
17. Jennings S.G., McGovern F.M., Cooke W.F. Carbon mass concentration measurements at Mace Head, on the west coast of Ireland. Atmospheric Environment 1993, 27A:1229-1239.
18. Kim K.-H., et al. Atmospheric mercury concentrations from several observatory sites in the northern hemisphere. Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry 2005, 50:24.
19. Lindberg S.E., et al. A Synthesis of Progress and Uncertainties in attributing the sources of mercury in deposition. AMBIO A Journal of the Human Environment 2007, 36:14.
20. Manning A.J., Ryall D.B., Derwent R.G., Simmonds P.G., O'Doherty S. Estimating European emissions of ozone-depleting and greenhouse gases using observations and a modeling back-attribution technique. Journal of Geophysical Research 2003, 108:D4405. 10.1029/2002JD002312.
21. Mason R.P. Mercury emissions from natural processes and their importance in the global mercury cycle. Mercury Fate and Transport in the Global Atmosphere 2009, Springer, Dordrecht. N. Pirrone, R.P. Mason (Eds.).
22. Munthe J., Wängberg I., Pirrone N., Iverfeldt Å., Ferrara R., Ebinghaus R., Feng X., Gårdfeldt K., Keeler G., Lanzillotta E., Lindber S.E., Lu J., Mamane Y., Prestbo E., Schmolke S., Schroeder W.H., Sommar J., Sprovieri F., Stevens R.K., Stratton W., Tuncel G., Urba A. Intercomparison of methods for sampling and analysis of atmospheric mercury species. Atmospheric Environment 2001, 35(17):3007-3017.
23. Oltmans S.J., Levy H. Surface ozone measurements from a global network. Atmospheric Environment 1994, 28:9-24.
24. Pacyna E., Pacyna J.M., Steenhuisen F., Wilson S. Global anthropogenic mercury emission inventory for 2000. Atmospheric Environment 2006, 40:4048-4063.
25. Pacyna E.G., Pacyna J.M., Sundseth K., Munthe J., Kindborn K., Wilson S., Steenhuisen F., Maxson P. Global emission of mercury to the atmosphere from anthropogenic sources in 2005 and projections to 2020. Atmospheric Environment 2010, 44:2487-2499.
26. Pirrone N., Allegrini I., Keeler G.J., Nriagu J.O., Rossmann R., Robbins J.A. Historical atmospheric mercury emissions and depositions in North America compared to mercury accumulations in sedimentary records. Atmospheric Environment 1998, 32:929-940.
27. Pirrone N., Keeler G.J., Nriagu J.O. Regional differences in worldwide emissions of mercury to the atmosphere. Atmospheric Environment 1996, 30:2981-2987.
28. Pirrone N., et al. Global mercury emissions to the atmosphere from natural and anthropogenic sources. Mercury Fate and Transport in the Global Atmosphere: Emissions, Measurements, and Models 2009, 3-49. Springer. N. Pirrone, R.P. Mason (Eds.).
29. Ryall D.B., Maryon R.H. Validation of the UK Met Office's NAME model against the ETEX dataset. Atmospheric Environment 1998, 32:4265-4276.
30. Ryall D.B., Maryon R.H., Derwent R.G., Simmonds P.G. Modelling long-range transport of CFCs to Mace Head, Ireland. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 1998, 124:417-446.
31. Salmi T., Maata A., Antilla P., Ruoho-Airola T., Amnell T. Detecting Trends of Annual Values of Atmospheric Pollutants by the Mann-Kendall Test and Sen's Slope Estimates - The Excel Template Application Makesens 2002, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland.
32. Schroeder W.H., et al. Comparison of a manual method and an automated analyzer for determining total gaseous mercury in ambient air. Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Heavy Metals in the Environment 1995, Vol. 2:57-60. CEP Consultants Ltd., Publisher, Edinburgh, U.K. R.-D. Wilken, U. Förstner, A. Knöchel (Eds.).
33. Schroeder W.H., et al. International field intercomparison of atmospheric mercury measurement methods. Water Air and Soil Pollution 1995, 80:611-620.
34. Simmonds P.G., Seuring S., Nickless G., Derwent R.G. Segregation and interpretation of ozone and carbon monoxide measurements by air mass origin at the TOR station Mace Head, Ireland from 1987 to 1995. Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry 1997, 28:45-49.
35. Slemr F., Brunke E.-G., Ebinghaus R., Kuss J. Worldwide trend of atmospheric mercury since 1995. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussion 2011, 11:2355-2375.
36. Slemr F., Brunke E., Ebinghaus R., Temme C., Munthe J., Wangberg I., Schroeder W., Steffen A., Berg T. Worldwide trend of atmospheric mercury since 1977. Geophysical Research Letters 2003, 30:1516. 10.1029/2003GL016954.
37. Slemr F. Trends in atmospheric mercury concentrations over the Atlantic ocean and the Wank summit and the resulting constraints on the budget of atmospheric mercury. Global and Regional Mercury Cycles: Sources, Fluxes and Mass Balances, NATO ASI Series 2. Environment 1996, Vol. 21:33-84. Kluwer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands. W. Baeyens, R. Ebinghaus, O. Vasiliev (Eds.).
38. Sprovieri F., Pirrone N. A preliminary assessment of mercury levels in the Antarctic and Arctic troposphere. Journal of Aerosol Science 2000, 31:2.
39. Sprovieri F., Pirrone N., Hedgecock I.M., Landis M.S., Stevens R.K. Intensive atmospheric mercury measurements at Terra Nova Bay in Antarctica during November and December 2000. Journal of Geophysical Research 2002, 107:4722. 10.1029/2002JD002057.
40. Sprovieri F., Pirrone N., Ebinghaus R., Kock H.H., Dommergue A. A review of worldwide atmospheric mercuiry measurements. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 2010, 10:8245-8265.
41. Streets D.G., Zhang Q. Projections of global mercury emissions in 2050. Environmental Science and Technology 2009, 43:2983-2988.
42. Urba A., Kvietkus K., Sakalys J., Xiao Z., Lindqvist O. A new sensitive and portable mercury vapor analyzer Gardis-1A. Water Air and Soil Pollution 1995, 80:1305-1309.
43. Volz A., Kley D. Evaluation of the Montsouris series of ozone measurements made in the nineteenth century. Nature 1988, 332:240-242.
44. Wangberg I., Munthe J., Berg T., Ebinghaus R., Kock H.H., Temme C., Bieber E., Spain T.G., Stolk A. Trends in air concentration and deposition of mercury in the coastal environment of the North Sea. Atmospheric Environment 2007, 41(12):2612-2619.