A proposal for a policy on the ethical care and use of cadavers and their tissues

Anatomical Sciences Education

Volumn 4, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 49-52

  Champney, Thomas H ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI MILLER SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Body donation; Cadaver usage; Ethics; Gross anatomy education; Human tissues; Policy issues

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL; ARTICLE; CADAVER; ETHICS; HUMAN; POLICY;

ANIMALS; CADAVER; ETHICS; HUMANS; POLICY;

EID: 79151486081     PISSN: 19359772     EISSN: 19359780     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/ase.199     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. AAA. 2010. AAA Board approves guidelines for body donation programs. AAA News 19:1.
2. AACA. 2008. American Association of Clinical Anatomists. AACA Best Practices for Donor Programs. The Anatomical Services Committee of the American Association of Clinical Anatomists. URL: [accessed 16 October 2010].
3. ABFSE. 2010. American Board of Funeral Service Education: About ABFSE. American Board of Funeral Service Education, St. Joseph, MO. URL: [accessed 16 October 2010].
4. Belmont Report. 1979. The Belmont Report: Ethical Principles and Guidelines for the Protection of Human Subjects of Research. The National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. 30 p.
5. Campbell CS. 1998. Religion and the body in medical research. Kennedy Inst Ethics J 8: 275-305.
6. Catalano JT. 1994. The ethics of cadaver experimentation. Crit Care Nurse 14: 82-85.
7. Champney TH. 2010. The cadaver on the cover. Acad Med 85: 390.
8. Cornwall J, Stringer MD. 2009. The wider importance of cadavers: Educational and research diversity from a body bequest program. Anat Sci Educ 2: 234-237.
9. Cheney A. 2006. The Body Brokers: Inside America's Underground Trade in Human Remains. 1st Ed. New York, NY: Random House Inc. 224 p.
10. Elger BS, Hofner MC, Mangin P. 2009. Research involving biological material from forensic autopsies: Legal ethical issues. Pathobiology 76: 1-10.
11. FCAME. 2010. Funeral Consumers Alliance of Maryland and Environs: About us Funeral Consumers Alliance of Maryland and Environs, Bethesda, MD. URL: [accessed 16 October 2010].
12. FEO. 2010. Funeral Ethics Organization: Mission. Funeral Ethics Organization, Hinesburg, VT. URL: [accessed 16 October 2010].
13. Heisel W.Katches M. 2000. Organ agencies aid for-profit suppliers. Orange County Register. June 25, 2000: A01.
14. Herin N (Editor). 2004. Tissue donor-to be one or not-that is the question. FCAME Newsletter Spring: 2-12. URL: [accessed 16 October 2010].
15. Hester DM, Schonfeld T. 2009. Pardon my asking: What's new? Am J Bioeth. 9: 11-13.
16. Hildebrandt S. 2009a. Anatomy in the Third Reich: An outline, part 1. National Socialist politics, anatomical institutions, and anatomists. Clin Anat 22: 883-893.
17. Hildebrandt S. 2009b. Anatomy in the Third Reich: An outline, part 2. Bodies for anatomy and related medical disciplines. Clin Anat 22: 894-905.
18. Hildebrandt S. 2009c. Anatomy in the Third Reich: An outline, part 3. The science and ethics of anatomy in National Socialist Germany and postwar consequences. Clin Anat 22: 906-915.
19. Human Tissue Act. 1982. Version No. 036. Human Tissue Act 1982 No. 9860 of 1982. Version incorporating amendments as at 1 January 2010. Public Health Branch, Rural and Regional Health and Aged Care Services Division of the Victorian State Government, Department of Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia URL: [accessed 16 October 2010].
20. Human Tissue Act. 2008. Public Act No 28. Wellington, New Zealand: New Zealand Government. 74 p. URL: [accessed 16 October 2010].
21. IACUC. 2010. Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee: About us. American Association for Laboratory Animal Science, Memphis TN. URL: [accessed 16 October 2010].
22. Jones DG. 1995. The human cadaver: An assessment of the value we place on the dead body. Perspect Sci Christian Faith 47: 43-51.
23. Jones DG. 2007. Anatomical investigations and their ethical dilemmas. Clin Anat 20: 338-343.
24. Jones DG, Whitaker MI. 2009a. Engaging with plastination and the Body Worlds phenomenon: A cultural and intellectual challenge for anatomists. Clin Anat 22: 770-776.
25. Jones DG, Whitaker MI. 2009b. Speaking for the Dead: The Human Body in Biology and Medicine. 2nd Ed. Burlington, VT: Ashgate Publishing Ltd. 296 p.
26. Jones DG, Whitaker MI. 2009c. The plastinated body. In: Jones DG, Whitaker MI. Speaking for the Dead: The Human Body in Biology and Medicine.2nd Ed. Burlington, VT: Ashgate Publishing Ltd. p 87-106.
27. Jütte R, Aumüller G, Fuchs C, Grundmann K, Hürlimann A, Jachertz N, Patzak B, Peiffer J, Prüll C-R, Reiter J, Rößiger S, Schnalke T, Staupe G, Tag B, Viebig M. 2003. Recommendations on the treatment of human remains in collections, museums and public places. Dtsch Ärztebl 100: A1960-A1965. URL: [accessed 16 October 2010].
28. Kurtz SF, Strong CW, Gerasimow D. 2007. The 2006 revised uniform anatomical gift act-a law to save lives. Health Law Analysis. February: 44-49. URL: [accessed 16 October 2010].
29. Nuremberg Code. 1949. Nuremberg Code (1947). In: Mitscherlich A, Mielke F. Doctors of Infamy: The Story of the Nazi Medical Crimes.1st Ed. New York, NY: Henry Schuman, Inc., Publishers. p xxiii-xxv.
30. OHSR, 2005. Office of Human Subjects Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Title 45, Part 46. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. URL: [accessed on 16 October 2010].
31. Puri KS, Suresh KR, Gogtay NJ, Thatte UM. 2009. Declaration of Helsinki, 2008: implications for stakeholders in research. J Postgrad Med 55: 131-134.
32. Rhodes R, Schiano T. 2010. Transplant tourism in China: A tale of two transplants. Am J Bioeth 10: 3-11.
33. Schulte-Sasse L. 2006. Advise and consent: On the Americanization of Body Worlds. BioSocieties 1: 369-384.
34. UAGA. 2006. Revised Uniform Anatomical Gift Act (2006). National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws, Hilton Head, SC. URL: [accessed 16 October 2010].
35. University of California. 2005. Standards and Guidelines for the Anatomical Materials Programs (Willed or Donated Body Programs). Oakland, CA: University of California Office of President. 10 p. URL: [accessed 16 October 2010].
36. Winkelmann A, Schagen U. 2009. Response to the letter to the editor by Joel Levi: Herman Stieve's clinical-anatomical research on executed women during the "Third Reich." Clin Anat 22: 163-171.
37. WMA. 1996.World Medical Association. Declaration of Helsinki (1964): Recommendations guiding physicians in biomedical research involving human subjects. Br Med J 313: 1448-1449.