Levels of creatine, organic contaminants and heavy metals in creatine dietary supplements

Food Chemistry

Volumn 126, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 1232-1238

  Moret, Sabrina ^a   Prevarin, Annalisa ^a   Tubaro, Franco ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF UDINE   (Italy)

Author keywords

Creatine; Dietary supplements; Heavy metals; HPLC; ICP MS; Organic contaminants

Indexed keywords

CREATINE; DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS; HPLC; ICP-MS; ORGANIC CONTAMINANT;

ARSENIC; CADMIUM; ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION; FOOD ADDITIVES; HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; IMPURITIES; INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA; INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY; MASS SPECTROMETERS; MERCURY (METAL); METALS; NUTRITION; THIOUREAS; UREA; VITAMINS;

CONTAMINATION;

AMINE; ARSENIC; CADMIUM; CREATININE; DICYANDIAMINE; LEAD; MERCURY; THIOUREA; TRIAZINE DERIVATIVE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ARTICLE; DIET SUPPLEMENTATION; FOOD CONTAMINATION; HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS SPECTROMETRY; MINERALIZATION;

EID: 78751605391     PISSN: 03088146     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.12.028     Document Type: Article

References (23)

1. An, L., Zheng, Y., & Guoji, Z. (2001). Process for producing creatine or creatine-monohydrate. United States Patent 6.326.513. 04-12-2001.
2. G. Benzi Is there a rationale for the use of creatine either as nutritional supplementation or drug administration in humans participating in a sport Pharmacological Research 41 3 2000 255 263
3. G. Benzi, and A. Ceci Creatine as nutritional supplementation and medicinal product Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness 41 1 2001 1 10
4. E. Bizzarini, and L. De Angelis Is the use of oral creatine supplementation safe? Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness 44 2004 411 416
5. Brink, W. D. (1998). What's in your creatine? Available at: .
6. Brink, W. D. (1999). What's Really in Your Supplements? An Update on Creatine. Mesomorphosis [online], Vol. 2, No. 13. Available at: .
7. M.A. Brudnak Creatine: are the benefits worth the risk? Toxicology Letters 150 2004 123 130
8. J.F. Clark Creatine and phosphocreatine: a review of their use in exercise and sport Journal of Athletic Training 32 1997 45 51
9. EFSA (2004). Opinion of the scientific panel on food additives, flavouring, processing aids and materials in contact whit food on a request from the commission related to creatine monohydrate for use in foods of particular nutritional uses. The EFSA Journal 36, 1-6. Adopted on 17 February 2004. Available at: .
10. A. Flisinska-Bojanowska Effects of oral creatine administration on skeletal muscle protein and creatine levels Biology of Sport 13 1996 39 46
11. Franco-Obregón, A. (2007). Creatine: a practical guide, Nutritional Supplements Newsletters.
12. D.M. Fry, and M. Morales A re-examination of the effects of creatine on muscle protein synthesis in tissue culture Acta Physiologica Scandinavica 53 1995 207 209
13. Golini, J. M. (2002). Oral creatine supplement and method for making same. United States Patent 6.399.661. 04-06-2002.
14. R.C. Harris Effects and safety of dietary and supplementary creatine R. Paoletti, A. Poli, A.S. Jackson, Creatine from basic science to clinical application 2001 Kluwer Academic Publishers Dordrecht, Netherlands 33 39
15. IARC (1987). IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Suppl. 7. Overall Evaluations of Carcinogenicity: An Updating of IARC Monographs (Vols. 1 - 42, p. 72). Lyon: IARC Press.
16. A. Persky, and G.A. Brazeau Clinical pharmacology of the dietary supplement creatine monohydrate Pharmacology Review 53 2 2001 161 176
17. Pischel, I., & Gastner, T. (2007). Creatine - Its chemical synthesis, chemistry and legal status. In G. S. Salomons, M. Wyss (Eds.), Creatine and creatine kinase in health and disease (pp. 291-307).
18. P. Pohl Hydride generation: recent advances in atomic emission spectrometry Trends in Analytical Chemistry 23 2 2004 87 101
19. J.R. Poortmans, and M. Francaux Adverse effects of creatine supplementation. Fact or fiction? Sport Medicine 30 3 2000 155 170
20. SCF (2000). European Commission, Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Food on safety aspects of creatine supplementation, Adopted on 7 September 2000. Available at: .
21. M. Tarnopolsky, and J. Martin Creatine monohydrate increases strength in patients with neuromuscular disease Neurology 52 1999 854 857
22. Weiss, S., & Krommer, H. (1998). Process for preparation of a creatine or creatine monohydrate. United States Patent 5.719.319. 17-02-1998.
23. M. Wyss, and R. Kaddurah-Daouk Creatine and creatinine metabolism Physiology Review 80 3 2000 1107 1213