Cognitive processes in eye guidance: Algorithms for attention in image processing

Cognitive Computation

Volumn 1, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 64-76

  Underwood, Geoffrey ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Attention; Eye movements; Fixation scanpaths; Saliency map models; Scene perception

Indexed keywords

COGNITIVE PROCESS; DOMAIN KNOWLEDGE; MEMORY TESTS; SALIENCY MAP; SALIENCY MAP MODEL; SALIENT REGIONS; VISUAL FEATURE; VISUAL SALIENCY; ATTENTION;

EDGE DETECTION; IMAGE PROCESSING; INSPECTION; EXPERIMENTS;

EYE MOVEMENTS;

EID: 78651523478     PISSN: 18669956     EISSN: 18669964     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s12559-008-9002-7     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. Biederman I, Mezzanotte RJ, Rabinowitz JC. Scene perception: detecting and judging objects undergoing relational violations. Cognit Psychol. 1982; 14: 143-77.
2. Murphy GL, Wisniewski EJ. Categorizing objects in isolation and in scenes: what a superordinate is good for. J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 1989; 15: 572-86.
3. Davenport JL, Potter MC. Scene consistency in object and background perception. Psychol Sci. 2004; 15: 559-64.
4. Mackworth NH, Morandi AJ. The gaze selects informative details within pictures. Percept Psychophys. 1967; 2: 547-52.
5. Loftus GR, Mackworth NH. Cognitive determinants of fixation location during picture viewing. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 1978; 4: 565-72.
6. Underwood G, Humphreys L, Cross E. Congruency, saliency and gist in the inspection of objects in natural scenes. In: van Gompel RPG, Fischer MH, Murray WS, Hill RL, editors. Eye movements: a window on mind and brain. Oxford: Elsevier; 2007. p. 561-77.
7. De Graef P, Christiaens D, d'Ydewalle G. Perceptual effects of scene context on object identification. Psychol Res. 1990; 52: 317-29.
8. Henderson JM, Weeks PA, Hollingworth A. The effects of semantic consistency on eye movements during scene viewing. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 1999; 25: 210-28.
9. Gareze L, Findlay JM. In: van Gompel RPG, Fischer MH, Murray WS, Hill RL, editors. Eye movements: a window on mind and brain. Oxford: Elsevier; 2007. p. 617-37.
10. Findlay JM, Walker R. A model of saccade generation base on parallel processing and competitive inhibition. Behav Brain Sci. 1999; 4: 661-721.
11. Torralba A, Castelhano MS, Oliva A, Henderson JM. Contextual guidance of eye movements and attention in real-world scenes: the role of global features on object search. Psychol Rev. 2006; 113: 766-86.
12. Navalpakkam V, Itti L. Modeling the influence of task on attention. Vision Res. 2005; 45: 205-31.
13. Itti L, Koch C. A saliency-based search mechanism for overt and covert shifts of visual attention. Vision Res. 2000; 40: 1489-506.
14. Koch C, Ullman S. Shifts in selective visual attention: towards the underlying neural circuitry. Hum Neurobiol. 1985; 4: 219-27.
15. Itti L. Quantitative modelling of perceptual salience at human eye position. Vis Cogn. 2006; 14: 959-84.
16. Elazary L, Itti L. Interesting objects are visually salient. J Vis. 2008; 8(3): 3.1-15.
17. Russell BC, Torralba A, Murphy KP, Freeman WT. LabelMe: a database and a web-based tool for image annotation. Int J Comput Vis. 2008; 77: 157-73.
18. Treisman AM, Gelade G. A feature-integration theory of attention. Cognit Psychol. 1980; 12: 97-136.
19. Parkhurst D, Law K, Niebur E. Modelling the role of salience in the allocation of overt visual attention. Vision Res. 2002; 42: 107-23.
20. Underwood G, Foulsham T, van Loon E, Humphreys L, Bloyce J. Eye movements during scene inspection: a test of the saliency map hypothesis. Eur J Cogn Psychol. 2006; 18: 321-42.
21. Underwood G, Foulsham T. Visual saliency and semantic incongruency influence eye movements when inspecting pictures. Q J Exp Psychol. 2006; 59: 1931-49.
22. Underwood G, Jebbett L, Roberts K. Inspecting pictures for information to verify a sentence: eye movements in general encoding and in focused search. Q J Exp Psychol. 2004; 57A: 165-82.
23. Underwood G, Templeman E, Lamming L, Foulsham T. Is attention necessary for object identification? Evidence from eye movements during the inspection of real-world scenes. Conscious Cogn. 2008; 17: 159-70.
24. Stirk JA, Underwood G. Low-level visual saliency does not predict change detection in natural scenes. J Vis. 2007; 7(10): 3.1-10.
25. Underwood J, Templeman E, Underwood G. Conspicuity and congruity in change detection. Lect Notes Comput Sci. 2008.
26. Galpin AJ, Underwood G. Eye movements during search and detection in comparative visual search. Percept Psychophys. 2005; 67: 1313-31.
27. Becker MW, Pashler H, Lubin J. Object-intrinsic oddities draw early saccades. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2007; 33: 20-30.
28. Tatler BW, Baddeley RJ, Gilchrist ID. Visual correlates of fixation selection: effects of scale and time. Vision Res. 2005; 45: 643-59.
29. Tatler BW. The central fixation bias in scene viewing: selecting an optimal viewing position independently of motor biases and image feature distributions. J Vis. 2007; 7(14): 4. 1-17.
30. Foulsham T, Underwood G. What can saliency models predict about eye-movements? Spatial and sequential aspects of fixations during encoding and recognition. J Vis. 2008; 8(2): 6. 1-17.
31. Humphrey K, Underwood G. Domain knowledge moderates the influence of visual saliency in scene recognition. Br J Psychol. 2009; 100 (in press).