Problems of sperm fertility: A reproductive biologist's view

Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine

Volumn 57, Issue 1-2, 2011, Pages 102-114

  Yanagimachi, Ryuzo ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII   (United States)

Author keywords

fertility; fertilization; ICSI; infertility; oocyte; sperm

Indexed keywords

ACROSOME; CELL MEMBRANE; CONCEPTION; CONFERENCE PAPER; CYTOPLASM; EMBRYONIC STEM CELL; FERTILIZATION; FERTILIZATION IN VITRO; HUMAN; INFERTILITY THERAPY; INTRACYTOPLASMIC SPERM INJECTION; MALE FERTILITY; NONHUMAN; OOCYTE; PLURIPOTENT STEM CELL; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGENY; SPERMATID; SPERMATOZOON; SPERMATOZOON COUNT;

ACROSOME REACTION; ANIMALS; FEMALE; FERTILIZATION; HUMANS; INFERTILITY, MALE; MALE; MICE; OOCYTES; PREGNANCY; SPERM INJECTIONS, INTRACYTOPLASMIC; SPERM MOTILITY; SPERMATOZOA;

EID: 78651356886     PISSN: 19396368     EISSN: 19396368     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3109/19396368.2010.507860     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (151)

1. ASRM Abstracts of the 59th annual meeting of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. (2003) October 11-15, 2003. San Antonio, Texas, USA. Fertil Steril. 80:687-688.
2. Aflatoonian, B., Ruban, L., Jones, M., Aflatoonian, R., Fazeli, A. and Moore, H.D. (2009) In vitro post-meiotic germ cell development from human embryonic stem cells. Hum Reprod 24:3150-3159.
3. Almeida, P.A. and Bolton, V.N. (1994) The relationship between chromosomal abnormalities in human oocytes and fertilization in vitro. Hum Reprod 9:343-346.
4. Anthony, S., Buitendijk, S.E., Dorrepaal, C.A., Lindner, K., Braat, D.D. and den Ouden, A.L. (2002) Congenital malformations in 4224 children conceived after IVF. Hum Reprod 17:2089-2095.
5. Baruffi, L.R., Mauri, A.M., Pesersen, C.G., et al2009) Single-embryo transfer reduces clinical pregnancy rates and in live birth in fresh IVF and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles: a metaanalysis. Repro Biol Endocrinol 7:36-40.
6. Basille, C., Frydman, R., El Aly, A., Hesters, L., Fanchin, R., Tachdjian, G., et al2009) Preimplantation genetic diagnosis: state of the art. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 145:9-13.
7. Battaglia, D.E., Koehler, J.K., Klein, N.A. and Tucker, M.J. (1997) Failure of oocyte activation after intracytoplasmic sperm injection using round-headed sperm. Fert Steril 68:118-122.
8. Bavister, B. D. (2000) Interactions between embryos and the culture milieu. Theriogenology 53:619-626.
9. Berkovits, A., Elters, F., Yaari, S., Katz, N., Barr, I., Fishman, A., et al2005) The morphological normalcy of the sperm nucleus and pregnancy rate of intracytoplasmic injection with morphologically selected sperm. Hum Reprod 20:185-190.
10. Berkovitz, A., Eltes, F., Ellenbogen, A., Peer, S., Feldberg, D. and Bartoov, B. (2006) Does the presence of nuclear vacuoles in human sperm selected for ICSI affect pregnancy outcome? Hum Reprod 21:1787-1790.
11. Bonduelle, M., Liebaers, I., Deketelaere, V., Derde, M.P., Camus, M., Devroey, P., et al2002) Neonatal data on a cohort of 2889 infant born after ICSI (1991-1999) and of 2995 infant born after ICF (1983-1999). Hum Reprod 17:671-694.
12. Bonduelle, M., Ponjaert, I., Steirteghem, A.V., Derde, M.P., Devroey, P., and Liebaers, I. (2003) Developmental outcome at 2 years of age for children born after ICSI compared with children born after IVF. Hum Reprod 18:342-350.
13. Bonduelle, M., Bergh, C., Niklasson, A., Palermo, G.D., Wennerholm, U.B. and Collaborative Study Group of Brussels, Gothenburg and New York (2004) Medical follow-up study of 5-year-old ICSI children. Reprod Biomed Online 9:91-101.
14. Burruel, V.R., Yanagimachi, R. and Whitten, W.K. (1996) Normal mice developed from oocytes injected with spermatozoa with grossly misshapen heads. Biol Reprod 55:709-714.
15. Butler, M.G. (2009) Genomic imprinting disorder in human: a minireview. J Assist Reprod Genet 26:477-486.
16. Carr, D.H. (1971) Chromosomes and abortion. Adv Hum Genet 2:201-257.
17. Check, J.H., Katsoff, B., Summers-Chase, D., Yuan, W., Horwath, D. and Choe, J.K. (2009) Pregnancy rate per embryo transfer (ET) may be improved by conventional oocyte insemination for male infertility factor rather than intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol 36:212-213.
18. Chow, J.F., Yeung, W.S., Lau, E.Y., Lam, S.T., Tong, T., Ng, E.H., et al2009) Singleton birth after preimplantation genetic diagnosis for Huntington disease using whole genome amplification. Fertil Steril 92:828. e7-e10.
19. Comizzoli, P., Wildt, D.E. and Pukazhenthi, B.S. (2006) Poor centrosomal function of cat testicular spermatozoa impairs embryo development in vitro after intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Biol Reprod 75:252-260.
20. Coulam, C.B., Jeyendranm R.S., Fiddler, M. and Pergament, E. (2007) Discordance among blastomeres renders preimplantation genetic diagnosis for aneuploidy difficult. J Assit Reprod Genet 24:37-41.
21. Cummins, J.M. and Yanagimachi, R. (1982) Sperm-egg ratio and the site of the acrosome reaction during in vivo fertilization in the hamster. Gamete Res 5:239-256.
22. De Croo, I., Van der Elst, J., Everaert, K., De Sutter, P. and Dhont, M. (2000) Fertilization, pregnancy and embryo implantation rates after ICSI in cases of obstructive and non-obstructive azoospermia. Hum Reprod 51:1383-1388.
23. De Vos, A., Van de Velde, H., Jorris, H., Verheyen, G., Devroey, P. and Van Steirteghem, A. (2003) Influence of individual sperm morphology in fertilization, embryo morphology on fertilization and pregnancy outcome of intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Fertil Steril 79:42-48.
24. De Vos, A., Staessen, C., De Rycke, M., Verpoest, W., Haentjens, P., Devroey, P., et al2009) Impact of cleavage-stage embryo biopsy in view of PGD on human blastocyst implantation: a prospective cohort of single embryo transfer. Hum Reprod 24:2988-2996.
25. Devroey, P., Nagy, P., Tournaye, H., Liu, J., Silber, S. and Van Steirteghem, A. (1996) Outcome of intracytoplasmic sperm injection with testicular spermatozoa in obstructive and non-obstructive azoospermia. Human Reprod 11:1015-1018.
26. Doherty, A.S., Mann, M.R., Tremblay, K.D., Bartolomei, M.S. and Schultz, R.M. (2000) Differential effects of culture on imprinted H19 expression in the preimplantation mouse embryo. Biol Reprod 62:1526-1535.
27. Edwards, R. G. (1986) Causes of early embryo loss in human pregnancy. Hum Reprod 1:185-198.
28. Eldar-Geva, T., Brooks, B., Margalioth, E.J., Zylber-Haran, E., Gal, M. and Silber, S.J. (2003) Successful pregnancy and delivery after calcium ionophore oocyte activation in a normozoospermic patient with previously repeated failed fertilization after intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Fertil Steril 79(Suppl 3):1656-1658.
29. Engel, W., Murphy, D. and Schmid, M. (1996) Are there genetic risks associated with microassisted reproduction? Hum Reprod 11:2359-2370.
30. Faddy, M.J., Silber, S.J. and Gosden, R.G. (2001) Intracytoplasmic sperm injection and infertility. Nature Genet 29:131.
31. Fauser, B.C. (2008) Preimplantation genetic screening: the end of an affair? Hum Reprod 23:2622-2625.
32. Fernandez-Gonzalez, R., Moreira, P., Bilbao, A., Jiménez, A., Pérez-Crespo, M. and Ramírez, M.A. (2004) Long-term effect of in vitro culture of mouse embryo with serum on mRNA expression of imprinting genes, development, and behavior. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 101:2359-2370.
33. Fernandez-Gonzalez, R., Moreira, P.N., Pérez-Crespo, M., Sánchez- Martín, M., Ramirez, M.A., Pericuesta, E., et al2008) Longterm effects of mouse intracytoplasmic sperm injection with DNA-fragmented sperm on health and behavior of adult offspring. Biol Reprod 78:761-772.
34. Fiorentino, F., Biricik, A., Nuccitelli, A., De Palma, R., Kahraman, S., Sertyel, S., et al2008) Rapid protocol for pre-conception genetic diagnosis of single gene mutations by first polar body analysis: a possible solution for the Italian patients. Prenat Diagn 28:62-64.
35. Franco, J.G., Baruffi, R.L., Mauri, A.L., Petersen, C.G., Oliveira, J.B. and Vagnini, L. (2008) Significance of large nuclear vacuoles in human spermatozoa: implications for ICSI. Reprod Biomed Online 17:42-45.
36. Garolla, A., Fortini, D., Mengazzo, M., De Toni, L., Nicoletti, V., Moretti, A., et al2008) High-power microscopy for selecting spermatozoa for ICSI by physiological status. Reprod Biomed Online 17:610-616.
37. Gaunt, S.J. (1983) Spreading of the sperm surface antigen within the plasma membrane of the eggs after fertilization. J Embryol Exp Morph 75:259-270.
38. Gianaroli, L., Magli, M.C., Ferraretti, A.P., Crippa, A., Lappi, M., Capitani, S., et al2010) Birefringence characteristics in sperm heads allow for the selection of reacted spermatozoa for intracytoplasmic injection. Fertil Steril 93:807-813.
39. Goossens, V., De Ryche, M., De Vos, A., Staessen, C., Michiels, A., Verpoest, W., et al2008) Diagnostic efficiency, embryonic development and clinical outcome after the biopsy of one or two blastomeres forpreimplantation diagnosis. Hum Reprod 23:481-492.
40. Griesinger, G., Bndgen, N., Salmen, D., Schwinger, E., Gillessen- Kaesbach, G. and Diedrich, K. (2009) Polar body biopsy in diagnosis of monogenic diseases: the birth of three healthy children. Dtsch Arztebl Int 106:533-538.
41. Gropp, A.,Winking, H. and Herbest, E.W. (1983) Murine trisomy: developmental profles of the embryos and isolation of trisomic cellular systems. J Exp Zool 228:253-269.
42. Gutierrez-Mateo, C., Sanchez-Garcia, J.F., Fischer, J., Tormasi, S., Cohen, J., Munné, S., et al2009) Preimplantation genetic diagnosis of single-gene disorders: experience with more than 200 cycles conducted by a reference laboratory in the United States. Fertil Steril 92:1544-1556.
43. Hertig, A.T., Rock, J., Adams E.C. and Menkin, M.C. (1959) Thirtyfour fertilized human ova, good, bad and indifferent, recovered from 210 women of human fertility: a study of biological wastage in early human pregnancy. Pediatrics 23:202-211.
44. Heytens, E., Parrington, J., Coward, K., Young, C., Lambrecht, S., Yoon, S.Y., et al2009) Reduced amounts and abnormal forms of phospholipase C zeta (PLCzeta) in spermatozoa from infertile men. Hum Reprod 24:2417-2428.
45. Hiraoka, I. and Hirao, Y. (1988) Fate of sperm tail components after incorporation into the hamster egg. Gamete Res 19:369-386.
46. Horsthemke, B. (2006) Epimutations in human disease. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 310:45-59.
47. Jeyendran, R.S., van der Ven, H.H., Perez-Pelaez, M., Crabo, B.G. and Zaneveld, L.J. (1984) Development of an assay to access the functional integrity of human sperm membrane and its relationship to other sperm characteristics. J Reprod Fert 70:219-228.
48. Kahraman, S., Yakin, K., Donmez, E., Samli, H., Bahçe, M., Cengiz, G., et al2000) Relationship between granular cytoplasm of oocytes and pregnancy outcome following intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Hum Reprod 15:2390-2303.
49. Katz, D.F., Morales, P., Samuel, S.J. and Overstreet, J.W. (1990) Mechanisms of filtration of morphologically abnormal human sperm by cervical mucus. Fertil Steril 54:513-516.
50. Katz-Jaffe, M.G. and Gardner, D.K. (2008) Symposium: innovative techniques in human embryo viability assessment: can proteomics help us to shape the future of human assisted conception? Reprod Biomed Online 17:497-501.
51. Kaushal, M. and Baxi, A. (2007) Birth after intracytoplasmic sperm injection with use of testicular sperm from men with Kartagener or immotile cilia syndrome. Fertil Steril 88:497 e9-e11.
52. Kawase, Y., Araya, H., Kamada, N., Jishage, K. and Suzuki, H. (2005) Possibility of long-term preservation of freeze-dried mouse spermatozoa. Biol Reprod 72:568-573.
53. Kee, K., Angeles, V.T., Flores, M., Nguyen, H.N. and Reijo Pera, R.A. (2009) Human DAZL, DAZ and BOULE genes modulate primordial germ-cell and haploid gamete formation. Nature 462:222-225.
54. Kerkis, A., Fonseca, S.A., Serafim, R.C., Lavagnolli, T.M., Abdelmassih, S., Abdelmassih R., et al2007) In vitro differentiation of male mouse embryonic stem cells into both presumptive sperm cells and oocytes. Cloning Stem Cells 9:535-548.
55. Kerr, M.G. (1971) Prenatal mortality and genetic wastage in man. J Biosoc Sci 3:223-237.
56. Khalili, M.A., Sultan, A., Mojibian, M., et al2005) Role of oocyte morphology on fertilization and embryo formation in assisted reproductive techniques. Mid East Fert Soc J 10:72-80.
57. Khosla, S., Dean, W., Reik, W. and Feil, R. (2001) Culture of preimplantation embryos and its long-term effects on gene expression and phenotype. Hum Reprod 7:419-427.
58. Kimura, Y. and Yanagimachi, R. (1995) Intracytoplasmic sperm injection in the mouse. Biol Reprod 52:709-720.
59. Kishikawa, H., Tateno, H. and Yanagimachi, R. (1999) Chromosome analysis of BALB/c mouse spermatozoa with normal and abnormal head morphology. Biol Reprod 61:809-812.
60. Krawetz, S.A. (2005) Paternal contribution: new insights and future challenge. Nature Rev Genet 6:633-642.
61. Kuliev, A., Rechitsky, S., Verlinsky, O., Ivakhnenko, V., Cieslak, J., Evsikov, S., et al1999) Birth of healthy children after preimplantation diagnosis of thalassemias. J Assist Reprod Genet 16:207-211.
62. Kusakabe, H., Szczygiel, M.A., Whittingham, D.G. and Yanagimachi, R. (2001) Maintenance of genetic integrity in frozen and freezedried mouse spermatozoa. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 98:13501-13506.
63. Kuznyetsov, V., Kuznyestova, I., Chumura, M., et al2007) Duplication of the sperm genome by human androgenic embryo production; towards testing the paternal genome prior to fertilization. Reprod Biomed Online 14:504-541.
64. Krzyminska, P., Leung, C., ONeill, C. and Pike, I.L. (1992) Microinsemination by sperm transfer. Lancet 339:375.
65. Lahteenmaki, A., Reima, I. and Hovatta, O. (1995) Treatment of severe male immunological infertility by intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Hum Reprod 10:2824-2828.
66. Lee, J.D., Kamiguchi, Y. and Yanagimachi, R. (1996a) Analysis of chromosome constitution of human spermatozoa with normal and aberrant head morphologies after injection into mouse oocytes. Human Reprod 11:1942-1946.
67. Lee, D.R., Lim, Y.L., Lee, J.E., et al1996b) Induction of acrosome reaction in spermatozoa accelearates development of fertilized human oocytes after intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Proc Am Soc Repro Med Ann Meet Boston. p. 8.
68. Liu, J., Bourne, H. and Baker, H.W. (1995) Fertilization and pregnancy with acrosome intact sperm by intracytoplasmic sperm injection in patients with disordered zona pellucida-induced acrosome reaction. Fertil Steril 64:116-121.
69. Liu, J., Tsai, Y., Katz, E., Compton, G., Garcia, J.E. and Baramki, T.A. (1997) High fertilization rate obtained after intracytoplasmic sperm injection with 100% nonmotile spermatozoa selected by using simple modified hypo-osmotic swelling test. Fertil Steril 68:373-375.
70. Lucifero, D., Chaillet, J.C. and Trasler, J.M. (2004) Potential significance of genomic imprinting defects for reproduction and assisted reproductive technology. Hum Reprod Update 10:3-18.
71. Lundin, K., Sjogren, A., Nilsson, L. and Hamberger, L. (1995) Fertilization and pregnancy after intracytoplasmic microinjection of acrosomeless spermatozoa. Fertil Steril 62:1266-1267.
72. Maher, E.R., Afnan, M. and Barratt, L.B. (2003) Epigenetic risks related to assisted reproductive technologies: epigenetics, imprinting, ART and iceberg? Hum Reprod 18:2508-2511.
73. Marchetti, F., Lowe, X., Bishop, J. and Wyrobek, A.J. (1999) Absence of selection against aneuploidy mouse sperm at fertilization. Biol Reprod 61:948-954.
74. Mastenbroek, S., Twisk, M., van Echten-Arends, J., Sikkema-Raddatz, B., Korevaar, J.C., Verhoeve, H.R., et al2007) In vitro fertilization with preimplantation genetic screening. New Engl J Med 357:9-17.
75. Meshede, D., De Geyter, C., Nieschlag, E., et al1995) Genetic risk micromanupulative assisted reproduction. Hum Reprod 10:2880-2886.
76. Miller, O.J. and Therman, E. (2001) Human Chromosomes, Structure, Behavior, Effects (4th Edition). Springer-Verlag, New York, NY, USA.
77. Montag, M., van der Ven, K. and van der Ven, H. (2009) Polar body diagnosis. Gynakol Geburtshilfliche Rundsch 49:62-68.
78. Montag, M. and van der Ven, H. (2008) Symposium: innovative techniques in human embryo viability assessment. Oocyte assessment and embryo viability prediction: birefringence imaging. Reprod Biomed Online 17:454-460.
79. Moreira, P.N., Fernandez-Gonzalez, R., Rizo, D., Ramirez, M., Perez- Crespo, M. and Gutiérrez-Adán, A. (2005) Inadvent transgenesis by concentional ICSI in mice. Hum Reprod 33:13-17.
80. Morgenstern, M.L., Orgebin-Crist, M.C., Clewe, T.H., Bonney, W.A. and Noyes, R.W (1966) Observations on spermatozoa in the human uterus and oviducts in the chronic presence of intrauterine devices. Am J Obstet Gynecol 96:114-118.
81. Morozumi, K. and Yanagimachi, R. (2005) Incorporoation of the acrosome into the oocyte during intracytoplasmic sperm injection could be potentially hazardous to embryo development. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 102:14209-14214.
82. Morozumi, K., Shikano, T., Miyazaki, S. and Yanagimachi, R. (2006) Simultaneous removal of sperm plasma membrane and acrosome before intracytoplasmic sperm injection improves oocyte activation/ embryonic development. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 103:17661-17666.
83. Mortimer, D., Leslie, E.E., Kelly, R.W. and Templeton, A. A. (1982) Morphological selection of human spermatozoa in vivo and in vitro. J Reprod Fertil 64:391-399.
84. Munne, S., Howles, C.M. and Wells, D. (2009) The role of preimplantation genetic diagnosis in diagnosing embryo aneuploidy. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 21:442-449.
85. Nagy, Z.P., Liu, J., Joris, H., Verheyen, G., Tournaye, H., Camus, M., et al1995) The result of intracytopalsmic sperm injection is not related to any of the three basic sperm parameters. Hum Reprod 10:1123-1129.
86. Nagy, Z.P., Sakkas, D. and Behr, B. (2008) Symposium: innovative techniques in human embryo viability assessment. Non-invasive assessment of embryo viability by metabolic profiling of culture media (metabolics). Reprod Biomed Online 17:502-507.
87. Nayernia, K., Nolte, J., Michelmann, H.W., Lee, J.H., Rathsack, K., Drusenheimer, N., et al2006) In vitro-differented embryonic stem cells given rise to male gametes that can generate offspring mice. Dev Cell 11:125-132.
88. Obradors, A., Fernandezm E., Oliver-Bonet M., Rius, M., de la Fuente, A., Wells, D., et al2008) Birth of healthy body after double factor PGD in a couple carrying a genetic disease and at risk for aneuploidy: case report. Hum Reprod 23:1949-1956.
89. Ogonuki, N., Mochida, K., Miki, H., Inoue, K., Fray, M., Iwaki, T., et al2006) Spermatozoa and spermatids retrieved from frozen reproductive organs or frozen whole bodies of male mice can produce normal offspring. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 103:13098-13103.
90. Ostermeier, G.C., Miller, D., Huntriss, J.D., Diamond, M.P. and Krawetz, S.A. (2004) Delivering spermatozoan RNA to the oocyte. Nature 429:154.
91. Overstreet, J.M. and Cooper, G.W. (1979) Effect of ovulation and sperm motility on the migration of rabbit spermatozoa to the site of fertilization. J Reprod Fertil 55:53-59.
92. Palermo, G., Joris, H., Devroey, P. and Van Steirteghem, A.C. (1992) Pregnancies after intracytoplasmic injection of a single spermatozoon into an oocyte. Lancet 340:17-18.
93. Palermo, G., Munne, S. and Cohen, J. (1994) The human zygote inherits its mitotic potential from male gamete. Hum Reprod. 9:1220-1225.
94. Palermo, G., Schlegel, P., Colombero, L.T., Zaninovic, N., Moy. F. and Rosenwaks, Z. (1996) Aggressive sperm immobilization prior to intracytoplsmic sperm injection with immature spermatozoa improves fertilization and pregnancy rates. Hum Reprod 11:1023-1029.
95. Palermo, G., Neri, Q.V., Takeuchi, T. and Rosenwaks Z. (2009) ICSI: where we have been and where we are going. Sem Reprod Med 27:191-202.
96. Paoloni-Giacobino, A. and Chaillet. J.R. (2004) Genomic imprinting and assisted reproduction. Reprod Health 1:6.
97. Patrizio, P., Fragouli, E., Bianchi, V., Borini, A. and Wells, D. (2007) Molecular methods for selection of the ideal oocyte. Reprod Biomed Online 15:346-353.
98. Plachot, M., Junca, A.M., Mandelbaum, J., Cohen, J. and Salat-Baroux, J. (1988) Failure of embryonic development. Reprod Nutr Dev 28:1781-1790.
99. Renbaum, P., Brook, B., Kaplan, Y., Eldar-Geva, T., Margalioth, E.J., Levy-Lahad, E., et al2007) Advantages of multiple markers and polar body analysis in preimplantation genetic diagnosis for Alagille disease. Prenat Diagn 27:317-321.
100. Rivera, R.M., Stein, P., Weaver, J.R., Mager, J., Schultz, R.M. and Bartolomei, M.S. (2008) Manipulations of mouse embryos prior to implantation result in aberrant expression of imprinted genes on day 9.5 of development. Hum Mol Genet 17:1-14.
101. Saremi, A., Esfandiari, N., Salehi, N. and Saremi, M.R. (2002) The first successful pregnancy following injection of testicular round spermatids in Iran. Arch Andro l48:315-319.
102. Sato, Y., Miyazaki, S., Shikano, T., Mitsuhashi, N., Takeuchi, H., Mikoshiba, K., et al1998) Adenophostin, a potent agonist of the isonitol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor, is useful for fertilization of mouse oocytes injected with round spermatids leading to normal offspring. Bio Reprod 58:867-873.
103. + ocisllations in eggs and embryo development. Development 129:3533-3544.
104. Schatten, G. and Sun, Q.Y. (2009) The role of centrosomes in mammalian fertilization and its significance for ICSI. Mol Hum Reprod 15:531-538.
105. Schoolcraft,W.B., Fragouli, E., Stevens, J., Munne, S., Katz-Jaffe, M.G. and Wells, D. (2010) Clinical application of comprehensive chromosomal screening at the blastocyst stage. Fertil Steril 94:1700-1706.
106. Schoysman, R., Vanderzwalman, P., Nijs, M., Segal, L., Segal-Bertin, G., Geerts, L., et al1993) Pregnancy after fertilization with human testicular spermatozoa. Lancet 324:1237.
107. Scott, L., Bernsten, J., Davis, D., Gundersen, J., Hill, J. and Ramsing N. (2008) Human oocyte respiration-rate measurement-potential to improve oocyte and embryo selection? Reprod Biomed Online 17:461-469.
108. Serhal, P.E., Ranieri, D.M., Kinis, A., et al1997) Oocyte morphology predicts outcome of intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Hum Reprod 12:1267-1270.
109. Shiota, K. and Yamada, S. (2005) Assisted reproductive technologies and birth defects. Cong Anom 45:39-43.
110. Shirley, C.R., Hayashi, S., Yanagimachi, R. and Meistrich, M.L. (2004) Abnormalities and reduced reproductive potential of sperm from Tnp1-and Tnp2-null double mutant mice. Biol Reprod 71:1220-1229.
111. Smith, T.T., Koyanagi, F. and Yanagimachi, R.E. (1987) Distribution and number of spermatozoa in the oviduct of the golden hamster after natural mating and artificial insemination. Biol Reprod 37:225-234.
112. Staessen, C., Verpoest, W., Donoso, P., Haentjens, P., Van der Elst, J., Liebaers, I., et al2008) Preimplantation genetic screening does not improve delivery rate in women under the age of 36 following single-embryo transfer. Hum Reprod 23:2818-2825.
113. Stalf, T., Sanchez, R., Köhn, F.M., Schalles, U., Kleinstein, J., Hinz, V., et al1995) Pregnancy and birth after intracytoplasmic sperm injection with spermatozoa from a patient with tail stump syndrome. Hum Reprod 10:2112-2114.
114. Sturmey, R. (2008) Assessing embryo viability by measurement of amino acid turnover. Reprod Biomed Online 17:486-496.
115. Suarez, S. and Pacey, A.A. (2006) Sperm transport in the female reproductive tract. Hum Reprod Update 12:23-37.
116. Suganuma, R., Yanagimachi, R. and Meistrich, M.L. (2005) Decline in fertility of mouse sperm with abnormal chromatin during epididymal passage as revealed by ICSI. Hum Reprod 20:3101-3108.
117. Sutovsky, P., Navara, C.S. and Schatten, G. (1996) Fate of the sperm mitochondria, and the incorporation, conversion, and disassembly of the sperm tail structures during bovine fertilization. Biol Reprod 55:1195-1205.
118. Sutovsky, P., Moreno, R.D., Romalho-Santos, J., Dominko, T., Simerly, C. and Schatten, G. (2000) Ubiquitinated sperm mitochondria, selective proteolysis, and the regulation of mitochondrial inheritance in mammalian embryos. Biol Reprod 63:582-590.
119. Svalander, P., Foresberg, A.S., Jackobsson, A.H. and Wikland, M. (1995) Factors of importance for the establishment of a successful program of intracytoplasmic sperm injection treatment for male infertility. Fertil Steril 63:828-837.
120. Takeuchi, T., Colombero, L.T., Neri, Q.V., Rosenwaks, Z. and Palermo, G.D. (2004) Does ICSI require acrosomal disruption? An ultrastructural study. Hum Reprod 19:114-117.
121. Tanaka, A., Nagayoshi, M., Awata, S., et al2009) Differentiation of human round spermatids into motile spermatozoa through in vitro coculture with Vero cells. Repro Med Biol 8:169-175.
122. Tateno, H., Wakayama, T. and Yanagimachi, R. (1998) Can alcohol retain the reproductive and genetic potential of sperm nuclei? Chromosome analysis of mouse spermatozoa stored in alcohol. Zygote 9:233-238.
123. Terada, Y., Hasegawa, H., Takahashi, A., Ugajin, T., Yaegashi, N. and Okamura K. (2009) Successful pregnancy after oocyte activation by a calcium ionophore for a patient with recurrent intracytoplasmic sperm injection failure, with an assessment of oocyte activation and sperm centrosomal function using bovine eggs. Fertil Steril 91:935 e11-935 e14.
124. Tesarik, J. and Sousa, M. (1995) More than 90% fertilization rate after intracytoplasmic sperm injection and artificial induction of oocyte activation with calcium ionophore. Fertil Steril 63:343-349.
125. Tournaye, H., Liu, J., Nagy, Z., Joris, H., Wisanto, A., Bonduelle, M., et al1995) Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI): the Brussels experience. Reprod Fertil Dev 7:269-278.
126. Tournaye, H. and Van Steirteghem, A. (1997) Intracytoplasmic sperm injection: ICSI concerns do not overweight its benefits. J Nat Inst Health Res 9:35-40.
127. Toyooka, Y., Tsunekawa, N., Akatsu, R. and Noce, T. (2003) Embryonic stem cells can form germ cells in vitro. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 100:11457-11462.
128. Tsunoda, Y. and Kato, Y. (1998) Not only inner cell mass nuclei but also trophectoderm nuclei of mouse blastocysts have a developmental totipotency. J Reprod Fertil 113:181-184.
129. Urman, B., Alatas, C., Aksoy, S., Mercan, R., Nuhoglu, A., Mumcu, A., et al2002) Transfer at blastocyst stage of embryos derived from testicular round spermatid injection. Hum Reprod 17:714-743.
130. Van Steirteghem, A., Nagy, Z., Joris, H., Liu, J., Staessen, C., Smitz, J., et al1993) High fertilization and implantation rates after intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Hum Reprod 8:1061-1066.
131. van der Ven, H.H., Jeyendran, R.S., Al-Hasani, S., Perez-Pelaez, M., Diedrich, K. and Zaneveld, L.J. (1986) Correlation between human sperm swelling test in hypo-osmotic medium (hypoosmotic selling test) and in vitro fertilization. J Androl 7:190-196.
132. van der Ven, H. H., Hoebbel, K., Al-Hasani, S., Diedrich, K. and Krebs, D. (1989) Fertilization of human oocytes in capillary tubes with very small numbers of sperm. Hum Reprod 4:72-76.
133. Verlinsky, Y., Cohen, J., Munne, S., Gianaroli, L., Simpson, J.L., Ferraretti, A.P., et al2004) Over a decade of experience with preimplantation genetic diagnosis: a multicenter report. Fertil Steril 82:292-294.
134. von Zumbusch, A., Fiedler K., Mayerhofer, A., Jessberger, B., Ring, J. and Vogt, H.J. (1998) Birth of healthy children after intracytoplasmic sperm injection in two couples with male Kartageners syndrome. Fertil Steril 70:643-646.
135. Wakayama, T. and Yanagimachi, R. (1998) Development of normal mice from oocytes injected with freeze-dried spermatozoa. Nature Biotech 16:639-641.
136. Weissman, A., Horowitz, E., Ravhon, A., Nahum, H., Golan, A. and Levran, D. (2008) Pregnancies and live births following ICSI with testicular spermatozoa after repeated implantation failure using ejaculated spermatozoa. Repro Biomed Online 17:605-609.
137. Wells, D. and Delhanty, J.D. (2000) Comprehensive chromosomal analysis of human preimplantation embryos using whole genome amplification and single cell comparative genomic hybridization. Mol Hum Reprod 6:1055-1062.
138. Wells, D., Alfarawati, S. and Fragouli, E. (2008) Use of comprehensive chromosomal screening for embryo assessment: microarrays and CGH. Mol Hum Reprod 14:703-710.
139. Wennerholm, U.B., Bergh, C., Hamberger, L., Lundin, K., Nilsson, L., Wikland, M., et al2000) Incidence of congenital malformation in children born after ICSI. Hum Reprod 15:944-948.
140. WHO (2010) WHO Laboratory Manual for Examination and Processing of Human Semen (5th ed),World Health Organization, WHO Press.
141. Williams, M., Barratt, C.L., Hills, C.J., Warren, M.A., Dunphy, B. and Cooke, I.D. (1992) Recovery of artificial inseminated spermatozoa from the fallopian tubes of a woman undergoing total abdominal hysterectomy. Hum Reprod 7:506-509.
142. Williams, M., Hill, C.J., Scudamore, I., Dunphy, B., Cooke, I.D. and Barratt, C.L. (1993) Sperm numbers and distribution within the human fallopian tube around ovulation. Hum Reprod 8:2019-2026.
143. Wilton, L., Thornhill, A., Traeger-Synodinos, J., Sermon, K.D. and Harper, J.C. (2009) The causes of misdiagnosis and adverse outcomes in PGD. Hum Reprod 24:1221-1228.
144. Yamanaka, K., Sofikitis, N.V., Miyagawa, I., Yamamoto, Y., Toda, T., Antypas, S., et al1997) Ooplasmic round spermatid nuclear injection procedure as an experimental treatment of nonobstructive azoospermia. J Assist Reprod Genet 14:55-62.
145. Yamauchi, Y., Yanagimachi, R. and Horiuchi, T. (2002) Full-term development of golden hamster oocytes following intracytoplasmic sperm head injection. Biol Reprod. 67:534-539.
146. Yanagimachi, R. (1988) Sperm-egg fusion. In Current Topics in Membranes and Transport. Vol 32 (Membrane Fusion in Fertilization, Cellular Transport and Viral Infection) ed. Duzgunes, N. and Bronner, F. Academic Press Ltd, New York, NY. pp. 3-34.
147. Yanagimachi, R. (1994) Mammalian fertilization. In The Physiology of Reproduction, 2nd Edition eds. Knobil, J.D. and Neill, J.D. Raven Press Ltd, New York, NY. pp. 189-318.
148. Yanagimachi, R. (2005) Intracytoplasmic injection of spermatozoa and spermatogenic cells: its biology and applications in humans and animals. Reprod Biomed Online 10:247-288.
149. Yanagimachi, R. (2009) Germ cell research: a personal perspective. Biol Reprod 80:204-218.
150. Yanagimachi, R. and Chang, M.C. (1963) Infiltration of leucocytes into the uterine lumen of the golden hamster during the estrous cycle and following mating. J Reprod Fert 5:389-396.
151. Yanagimachi, R.,Wakayama, T., Kishikawa, H., Fimia, G.M., Monaco, L. and Sassone-Corsi, P. (2004) Production of fertile offspring from genetically infertile male mice. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 101:1691-1695.